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Sabi EM, AlAfaleq NO, Mujamammi AH, Al-Shouli ST, Althafar ZM, Bin Dahman LS, Sumaily KM. Gramine Exerts Cytoprotective Effects and Antioxidant Properties Against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in HEK 293 Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3471-3487. [PMID: 37668758 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused due to the perturbations in the oxidant-antioxidant system can damage molecules and cause cellular alteration leading to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. This study was designed and performed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of an alkaloid, gramine on H2O2-induced oxidative stress on HEK 293 cells. Cell viability and morphometric analysis of cells treated with H2O2 and gramine were studied. Oxidative stress and inflammatory and antioxidant enzymes such as ROS, LPO, NO, SOD, GSH, and CAT were analyzed. Furthermore, mRNA expression of SOD, CAT, and COX-2 was also evaluated. H2O2 at concentration > 0.3 mM and gramine at concentration > 80 μg/mL affect the proliferation. Viability and morphometric analysis showed that gramine has protective effects. Treating cells with gramine suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory enzymes, whereas antioxidant enzymes were enhanced. SOD and CAT mRNA levels were overexpressed and COX-2 mRNA levels were decreased in the treated groups. Gramine possesses effective antioxidant potential and can regulate oxidative stress and damages associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa M Sabi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nouf O AlAfaleq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Mujamammi
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia T Al-Shouli
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad M Althafar
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Alquwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi S Bin Dahman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, 50511, Yemen
| | - Khalid M Sumaily
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Li Z, Du Y, Ding C, Yang P, Wang L, Zhao Y. An Interpretable Screening Approach Derived Through XGBoost Regression for the Discovery of Hypolipidemic Contributors in Chinese Hawthorn Leaf and its Counterfeit Malus Doumeri Leaf. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:209-218. [PMID: 38340238 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The active ingredient group is a prominent feature reflecting the inherent characteristics of plant-based functional foods. Chinese hawthorn leaf (CHL), a tea substitute possessing intrinsic nutritional properties in anti-hyperlipidemia, was first found to be adulterated with Malus doumeri leaf (MDL) owing to similar commercial labels. In this context, the above-mentioned two contrasting species were explored through phytochemical profiling and activity assessment. The amelioration effect of CHL on free fatty acids-elicited lipid deposition in HepG2 cells was significantly better than that of MDL. Molecular networking-based metabolic profiles identified 68 and 67 components in CHL and MDL, with 33 shared components. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm with outstanding performance was selected to screen candidate components contributing to hypolipidemic activity, and the output was later interpreted by Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method. Twelve and eight components were separately screened as hyperlipidemic inhibitors in CHL and MDL, while only four constituents were shared. The bioactivity evaluation of selected ingredients and combinations further confirmed their anti-hyperlipidemia capacity. These findings emphasized the feasibility of filtering bioactivity-related compounds using interpretable machine learning approaches and illustrated that related species may contain different hypolipidemic contributors, even if shared constituents existed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Yuan Du
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Chen Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Pufan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
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Sabi EM, AlAfaleq NO, Mujamammi AH, Al-Shouli ST, Althafar ZM, Bin Dahman LS, Sumaily KM. Gramine Exerts Cytoprotective Effects and Antioxidant Properties Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in HEK 293 Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
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Wu Y, Ma Y, Cao J, Xie R, Chen F, Hu W, Huang Y. Feasibility study on the use of "Qi-tonifying medicine compound" as an anti-fatigue functional food ingredient based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1131972. [PMID: 37215213 PMCID: PMC10196032 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatigue has attracted broad attention in recent years due to its high morbidity rates. The use of functional foods to relieve fatigue-associated symptoms is becoming increasingly popular and has achieved relatively good results. In this study, network pharmacology and molecular docking strategies were used to establish the material basis and mechanisms of Chinese herbal compounds in fatigue treatment. According to traditional medicine theories and relevant guidance documents published by the Chinese Ministry of Health, four herbal medicines, including Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver male flower, Panax notoginseng, and Syzygium aromaticum (EEPS), were selected to constitute the anti-fatigue herbal compound that may be suitable as functional food ingredients. Methods The major active ingredients in EEPS were identified via comprehensive literature search and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database search. Corresponding targets for these ingredients were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction. The network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1 to obtain key ingredients. Prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties was performed using the ADMETIab 2.0 database. The anti-fatigue targets were retrieved from GeneCards v5.13, OMIM, TTD and DisGeNET 7.0 databases. Then, the potential targets of EEPS in fatigue treatment were screened through a Venn diagram. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these overlapping targets was constructed, and the hub targets in the network selected through topological screening. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID database and the bioinformatics online platform. Finally, AutoDock tools were used to verify the binding capacity between the key active ingredients and the core targets. Results and Discussion This study identified the active ingredients and potential molecular mechanisms of EEPS in fatigue treatment, which will provide a foundation for future research on applications of herbal medicines in the functional food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Center for Evidence Based Medical and Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jinguo Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of GanNan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yushan Huang
- Center for Evidence Based Medical and Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Bai H, Jiang S, Liu J, Tian Y, Zheng X, Wang S, Xie Y, Li Y, Jia P. Planting conditions can enhance the bioactivity of mulberry by affecting its composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133062. [PMID: 36959930 PMCID: PMC10028076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) has a special significance in the history of agriculture and economic plant cultivation. Mulberry has strong environmental adaptability, a wide planting range, and abundant output. It is not only an important resource for silkworm breeding but also a raw ingredient for various foods and has great potential for the development of biological resources. The bioactivities of mulberry in different planting areas are not the same, which is an obstacle to the development of mulberry. This study collected information on the planting conditions of mulberry branches in 12 planting areas, such as altitude, temperature difference, and precipitation. A comparison of the levels of 12 constituents of mulberry branches from mulberry grown in different planting areas was then made. An in vitro model was used to study the bioactivities of mulberry branches in the 12 planting areas, and mathematical analysis was used to explain the possible reasons for the differences in the composition and bioactivities of mulberry branches in different planting areas. After studying mulberry samples from 12 planting areas in China, it was found that a small temperature difference could affect the antiapoptotic effect of mulberry branch on microvascular endothelial cells by changing the levels and proportions of rutin, hyperoside, and morusin. Adequate irrigation can promote the antioxidation of the mulberry branch on microvascular endothelial cells by changing the levels and proportions of scopoletin and quercitrin. The results of the analysis of planting conditions and the levels of active constituents and their correlation with bioactivities support the improvement of mulberry planting conditions and have great significance in the rational development of mulberry resources. This is the first time that a mathematical analysis method was used to analyze the effects of planting conditions on mulberry biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Bai
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shanfeng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jincai Liu
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Pu Jia
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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Bao H, Chen J, Wang X, Chen C, Gong J, Liu J, Xia D. Ultrasound-Triggered On-Demand Insulin Release for Diabetes Mellitus Treatment. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:1826-1836. [PMID: 35752994 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous insulin (INS) is successfully used for controlling glucose in diabetic patients. Although frequent INS injections can overcome hyperglycemia, they are both painful and inconvenient. Herein, we report an ultrasound-regulated INS release platform (INS-PPIX@ER hydrogel) that allows for remotely regulated on-demand INS release and minimizes pain. In this system, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX)-containing erythrocytes (ERs) served as an INS reservoir, an injectable peptide hydrogel provided strong protection for the ERs, and INS release was regulated using ultrasound. This particular INS release behavior was triggered by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PPIX from the PPIX-loaded ERs under ultrasound irradiation. The ROS then interacted with the phospholipid bilayer of the ERs, thereby opening the stomata of the INS-PPIX@ER and releasing INS. INS-PPIX@ER hydrogels could control hyperglycemia within 2 h and maintained normal blood glucose levels for up to 3 days. This effective remote approach allowed closed-loop drug release spatiotemporally without causing any pain and injury. Our findings could serve as a powerful tool for constructing a precisely controlled release system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Bao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingru Chen
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Nantong Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Donglin Xia
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
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Yu M, Kim HJ, Heo H, Kim M, Jeon Y, Lee H, Lee J. Comparison of the Antihypertensive Activity of Phenolic Acids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196185. [PMID: 36234721 PMCID: PMC9571617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids, found in cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruits, have various biological functions. We aimed to compare the antihypertensive potential of different phenolic acids by evaluating their ACE inhibitory activity and cytoprotective capacity in EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. In addition, we explored the mechanism underlying the antihypertensive activity of sinapic acid. Of all the phenolic acids studied, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and ferulic acid significantly inhibited ACE activity. Moreover, gallic acid, sinapic acid, and ferulic acid significantly enhanced intracellular NO production. Based on the results of GSH depletion, ROS production, and MDA level analyses, sinapic acid was selected to study the mechanism underlying the antihypertensive effect. Sinapic acid decreases endothelial dysfunction by enhancing the expression of antioxidant-related proteins. Sinapic acid increased phosphorylation of eNOS and Akt in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate the potential of sinapic acid as a treatment for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongnam Yu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Kim
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16613, Korea
| | - Huijin Heo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Minjun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yesol Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.L.)
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Gaikwad DD, Bangar NS, Apte MM, Gvalani A, Tupe RS. Mineralocorticoid interaction with glycated albumin downregulates NRF - 2 signaling pathway in renal cells: Insights into diabetic nephropathy. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:837-851. [PMID: 35987363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In diabetic nephropathy, hyperglycemia elevates albumin glycation and also results in increased plasma aldosterone. Both glycation and aldosterone are reported to cause oxidative stress by downregulating the NRF-2 pathway and thereby resulting in reduced levels of antioxidants and glycation detoxifying enzymes. We hypothesize that an interaction between aldosterone and glycated albumin may be responsible for amplified oxidative stress and concomitant renal cell damage. Hence, human serum albumin was glycated by methylglyoxal (MGO) in presence of aldosterone. Different structural modifications of albumin, functional modifications and aldosterone binding were analyzed. HEK-293 T cells were treated with aldosterone+glycated albumin along with inhibitors of receptors for mineralocorticoid (MR) and advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). Cellular MGO content, antioxidant markers (nitric oxide, glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), detoxification enzymes (aldose reductase, Glyoxalase I, II), their expression along with NRF-2 and Keap-1 were measured. Aldosterone binds to albumin with high affinity which is static and spontaneous. Cell treatment by aldosterone+glycated albumin increased intracellular MGO, MR and RAGE expression; hampered antioxidant, detoxification enzyme activities and reduced NRF-2, Keap-1 expression. Thus, the glycated albumin-aldosterone interaction and its adverse effect on renal cells were confirmed. The results will help in developing better pharmacotherapeutic strategies for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh D Gaikwad
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Nilima S Bangar
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Mayura M Apte
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Armaan Gvalani
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Rashmi S Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India.
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Ahrabi B, Abbaszadeh HA, Piryaei A, Shekari F, Ahmady Roozbahany N, Rouhollahi M, Azam Sayahpour F, Ahrabi M, Azimi H, Moghadasali R. Autophagy-induced mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated renal fibrosis in an in vitro model. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 13:359-372. [PMID: 37736337 PMCID: PMC10509741 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.24256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Chronic and progressive damage to the kidney by inflammatory processes, may lead to an increase in the extracellular matrix production, a condition known as renal fibrosis. The current study aims to evaluate if the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from autophagic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can reduce the inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in damaged kidney tissue. Methods Autophagy was induced in ADMSCs using 2µM concentration curcumin and was confirmed by evaluating LC3B, ATG7, and Beclin1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. An in vitro renal fibrotic model was established in HEK-293 cells exposed to H2O2 (0.8mM) for 24 and 72 hours. The fibrotic model was confirmed through evaluation of collagen I, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), E-cadherin, and vimentin genes expression using real-time PCR, collagen I protein by ELISA. After induction of fibrosis for 24 and 72 hours, the HEK cells were treated with NEVs (non-autophagy EVs) (50µM) or AEVs (autophagy EVs) (50µM) at 48, 96, and 124 hours, and then the samples were collected at 72 and 148 hours. Expression of collagen I, TGF-β1, E-cadherin, and vimentin Genes was evaluated via RT-PCR, and protein levels of IL1, TNF-α, IL4, IL10 using ELISA. Results Induction of autophagy using curcumin (2µM) for 24 hours significantly increased LC3B, Beclin1, and ATG7 in the ADMSCs. Upregulation in anti-fibrotic (E-cadherin) and anti-inflammatory (IL4, IL10) gene expression was significantly different in the fibrotic model treated by AEVs compared to NEVs. Also, the downregulation of fibrotic (TGF-β1, vimentin, collagen I) and pro-inflammatory (IL1, TNFα) gene expression was significantly different in AEVs compared with those treated by NEVs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that AEVs can be considered as a therapeutic modality for renal fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ahrabi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahya Rouhollahi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Azam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ahrabi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Azimi
- Department of English Language Teaching, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Lin W, Yu Z, Luo Y, He W, Yan G, Peng C. Photoprotection Differences between Dominant Tree Species at Mid- and Late-Successional Stages in Subtropical Forests in Different Seasonal Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105417. [PMID: 35628227 PMCID: PMC9140998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants growing in subtropical regions are often affected by high temperature and high light in summer and low temperature and high light in winter. However, few studies have compared the photoprotection mechanism of tree species at different successional stages in these two environments, although such studies would be helpful in understanding the succession of forest communities in subtropical forests. In order to explore the strategies used by dominant species at different successional stages to cope with these two environmental conditions, we selected two dominant species in the mid-successional stage, Schima superba and Castanopsis chinensis, and two dominant species in the late-successional stage, Machilus chinensis and Cryptocarya chinensis. The cell membrane permeability, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, and a few light-protective substances of these dominant species were measured in summer and winter. The results show that in summer, the young leaves of dominant species in the mid-successional stage showed higher anthocyanin content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, while those in the late-successional stage showed higher flavonoid and total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and carotenoid/chlorophyll (Car/Chl) ratio. In winter, young leaves of dominant species in the mid-successional stage were superior to those in the late-successional stage only in terms of catalase (CAT) activity and NPQ, while the anthocyanin, flavonoids, and total phenol content, total antioxidant capacity, and Car/Chl ratio were significantly lower compared to the late-successional stage. Our results show that the dominant species in different successional stages adapted to environmental changes in different seasons through the alterations in their photoprotection strategies. In summer, the dominant species in the mid-successional stage mainly achieved photoprotection through light shielding and reactive-oxygen-species scavenging by SOD, while the antioxidant capacity of trees in the late-successional stage mainly came from an increased antioxidative compounds and heat dissipation. In winter, the dominant species in the mid-successional stage maintained their photoprotective ability mainly through the scavenging of reactive oxygen species by CAT and the heat dissipation provided by NPQ, while those in the late-successional stage were mainly protected by a combination of processes, including light shielding, heat dissipation, and antioxidant effects provided by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. In conclusion, our study partially explains the mechanism of community succession in subtropical forests.
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Chen Q, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Xie X, Kuang N, Wei Y, Yu M, Hu T. Intervening Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Quercitrin on PCV2-Induced Histone Acetylation, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in 3D4/2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050941. [PMID: 35624806 PMCID: PMC9137775 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the main pathogen causing porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVD/PCVADs), and infection of the host induces immunosuppression. Since quercitrin (QUE) has anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity, it is worth exploiting in animal diseases. In this study, the interventional effects and the molecular mechanism of QUE on PCV2-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in 3D4/2 cells and the modulation of histone acetylation modifications were investigated. The ROS production was measured by DCFH-DA fluorescent probes. HAT and HDAC enzyme activity were determined by ELISA. Histone acetylation, oxidative stress and inflammation-related gene expression levels were measured by q-PCR. Histone H3 and H4 (AcH3 and AcH4) acetylation, oxidative stress and inflammation-related protein expression levels were measured by Western blot. The results showed that QUE treatment at different concentrations on PCV2-infected 3D4/2 cells was able to attenuate the production of ROS. Moreover, QUE treatment could also intervene in oxidative stress and decrease the enzyme activity of HAT and the mRNA expression level of HAT1, while it increased the enzyme activity of HDAC and HDAC1 mRNA expression levels and downregulated histone H3 and H4 (AcH3 and AcH4) acetylation modification levels. In addition, QUE treatment even downregulated the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, IκB, AKT and p38, but upregulated the mRNA expression levels of IL-10, SOD, GPx1, p65, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1. As to protein expression, QUE treatment downregulated the levels of iNOS, p-p65 and IL-8 as well as the phosphorylation expression of IκB and p38, while it upregulated the levels of HO-1 and NQO1. It was shown that QUE at 25, 50 or 100 μmol/L regulated p38MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways by downregulating cellular histone acetylation modification levels while inhibiting the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling pathway, thus regulating the production of inflammatory and antioxidant factors and exerting both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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