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Szot I, Łysiak GP, Sosnowska B, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J. Health-Promoting Properties of Anthocyanins from Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) Fruits. Molecules 2024; 29:449. [PMID: 38257363 PMCID: PMC10818799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornelian cherry is a plant that annually provides fruits, drupe-type, ranging in color from yellow through pink, red, carmine, and almost black. Cornelian cherry bears abundant fruit in temperate climate conditions, which means that its dark-colored fruits can be treated as an excellent source of anthocyanins. After consuming, anthocyanins have a protective function in the human body. Raw fruit extracts and their pure isolates, rich in anthocyanins, have a wide spectrum of health-promoting properties. This review focuses on the health-promoting properties of anthocyanins from fruits of cornelian cherry, documented in research conducted in vitro, in vivo, and in humans. The results obtained so far confirm the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on the blood parameters, whose values are important in predicting and assessing the risk and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. A beneficial effect on molecular and histopathological changes in target organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, and liver has also been demonstrated. Anthocyanins from cornelian cherry have a strong antioxidant effect, which explains their protective effects on organs and anticancer effects. Moreover, they have antiglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The work highlights the perspectives and directions of necessary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Szot
- Subdepartment of Pomology, Nursery and Enology, Institute of Horticulture Production, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz P. Łysiak
- Department of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Pomology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Bożena Sosnowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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Lamenza FF, Upadhaya P, Roth P, Shrestha S, Jagadeesha S, Horn N, Pracha H, Oghumu S. Berries vs. Disease: Revenge of the Phytochemicals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:84. [PMID: 38256917 PMCID: PMC10818490 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites and phytochemicals in plant-based diets are known to possess properties that inhibit the development of several diseases including a variety of cancers of the aerodigestive tract. Berries are currently of high interest to researchers due to their high dietary source of phytochemicals. Black raspberries (BRB), Rubus occidentalis, are of special interest due to their rich and diverse composition of phytochemicals. In this review, we present the most up-to-date preclinical and clinical data involving berries and their phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of a variety of cancers and diseases. BRBs possess a variety of health benefits including anti-proliferative properties, anti-inflammatory activity, activation of pro-cell-death pathways, modulation of the immune response, microbiome modulation, reduction in oxidative stress, and many more. However, little has been done in both preclinical and clinical settings on the effects of BRB administration in combination with other cancer therapies currently available for patients. With the high potential for BRBs as chemopreventive agents, there is a need to investigate their potential in combination with other treatments to improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe F. Lamenza
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Puja Upadhaya
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Peyton Roth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Suvekshya Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sushmitha Jagadeesha
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Natalie Horn
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Hasan Pracha
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (F.F.L.); (P.U.); (P.R.); (S.S.); (S.J.); (N.H.); (H.P.)
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Kurter H, Basbinar Y, Ellidokuz H, Calibasi-Kocal G. The Role of Cyanidin-3- O-glucoside in Modulating Oxaliplatin Resistance by Reversing Mesenchymal Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:4705. [PMID: 38004099 PMCID: PMC10674439 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the biological and biochemical processes of cells, and it is a critical process in the malignant transformation, and mobility of cancer. Additionally, EMT is one of the main mechanisms contributing to chemoresistance. Resistance to oxaliplatin (OXA) poses a momentous challenge in the chemotherapy of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, highlighting the need to reverse drug resistance and improve patient survival. In this study, we explored the response of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), the most abundant anthocyanin in plants, on the mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer, with the purpose of overcoming acquired OXA resistance in CRC cell lines. METHODS We generated an acquired OXA-resistant cell line, named HCT-116-ROx, by gradually exposing parental HCT-116 cells to increasing concentrations of OXA. To characterize the resistance, we performed cytotoxicity assays and shape factor analyses. The apoptotic rate of both resistant and parental cells was determined using Hoechst 33342/Propidium Iodide (PI) fluorescence staining. Migration capacity was evaluated using a wound-healing assay. The mesenchymal phenotype was assessed through qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining, employing E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin markers. RESULTS Resistance characterization announced decreased OXA sensitivity in resistant cells compared to parental cells. Moreover, the resistant cells exhibited a spindle cell morphology, indicative of the mesenchymal phenotype. Combined treatment of C3G and OXA resulted in an augmented apoptotic rate in the resistant cells. The migration capacity of resistant cells was higher than parental cells, while treatment with C3G decreased the migration rate of HCT-116-ROx cells. Analysis of EMT markers showed that HCT-116-ROx cells exhibited loss of the epithelial phenotype (E-cadherin) and gain of the mesenchymal phenotype (N-cadherin and Vimentin) compared to HCT-116 cells. However, treatment of resistant cells with C3G reversed the mesenchymal phenotype. CONCLUSION The morphological observations of cells acquiring oxaliplatin resistance indicated the loss of the epithelial phenotype and the acquisition of the mesenchymal phenotype. These findings suggest that EMT may contribute to acquired OXA resistance in CRC. Furthermore, C3G decreased the mobility of resistant cells, and reversed the EMT process, indicating its potential to overcome acquired OXA resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kurter
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35330, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35330, Turkey;
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35330, Turkey;
| | - Gizem Calibasi-Kocal
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35330, Turkey;
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Pacheco-Hernández Y, Lozoya-Gloria E, Rangel-Galván M, Varela-Caselis JL, Villa-Ruano N. Nutraceutical Activity of Anthocyanins from the Edible Berries of Rhamnus pompana. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301034. [PMID: 37616166 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We present the inhibitory properties of the R. pompana anthocyanin fraction (RPAF) and its major constituents on alpha-glucosidase (AG), pancreatic lipase (PL), HMG-CoA reductase, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The effect of RPAF was also evaluated in ICR male mice subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hypercaloric/atherogenic diet for 30 days. RP-HPLC/MS profiling revealed that RPAF contained five major anthocyanins and induced slight inhibition on PL and HMG-CoA reductase (IC50 , 245-338 μg mL-1 ) whereas strong activity on AG and ODC (IC50 , 130-133 μg mL-1 ) was observed. Kinetic studies and molecular docking with pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (P3R) on ODC, revealed changes in Km (0.9514-0.9746 mM) and Vmax (1.96-2.32 μmol mg-1 min-1 ) suggesting mixed inhibition and molecular interaction with two active sites of ODC. P3R showed antiproliferative activity (IC50, 46.5 μM) and decreased polyamine accumulation in DLD-1 cells. The results of OGTT confirmed that RPAF regulates postprandial glucose levels in diabetic animals which experienced a significant glucose depletion (30 %; p<0.001) from 30 to 120 min post-treatment. Prolonged supplementation of RPAF caused significant decrease (p<0.001) in plasma glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-c and triglycerides as well as significant increase (p<0.001) of HDL-c compared with normoglycemic untreated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia Pacheco-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera, C.P. 36824, Irapuato-León, Gto, Mexico
- Universidad Politécnica Metropolitana de Puebla, Popocatépetl s/n Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Tres Cerritos, CP 72480, Puebla, CP, Mexico
| | - Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera, C.P. 36824, Irapuato-León, Gto, Mexico
| | - Maricruz Rangel-Galván
- Universidad Politécnica Metropolitana de Puebla, Popocatépetl s/n Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Tres Cerritos, CP 72480, Puebla, CP, Mexico
| | - Jenaro Leocadio Varela-Caselis
- Dirección de Innovación y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Cd. Universitaria, CP 72570, Puebla, CP, Mexico
| | - Nemesio Villa-Ruano
- CONAHCyT-Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Cd. Universitaria, CP 72570, Puebla, CP, Mexico
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Zhan L, Su F, Li Q, Wen Y, Wei F, He Z, Chen X, Yin X, Wang J, Cai Y, Gong Y, Chen Y, Ma X, Zeng J. Phytochemicals targeting glycolysis in colorectal cancer therapy: effects and mechanisms of action. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1257450. [PMID: 37693915 PMCID: PMC10484417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1257450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor in the world, and it is prone to recurrence and metastasis during treatment. Aerobic glycolysis is one of the main characteristics of tumor cell metabolism in CRC. Tumor cells rely on glycolysis to rapidly consume glucose and to obtain more lactate and intermediate macromolecular products so as to maintain growth and proliferation. The regulation of the CRC glycolysis pathway is closely associated with several signal transduction pathways and transcription factors including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), myc, and p53. Targeting the glycolytic pathway has become one of the key research aspects in CRC therapy. Many phytochemicals were shown to exert anti-CRC activity by targeting the glycolytic pathway. Here, we review the effects and mechanisms of phytochemicals on CRC glycolytic pathways, providing a new method of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhan
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangting Su
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhelin He
- Guang’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Guang’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’an, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Guang’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’an, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Guang’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang’an, China
| | - Yilin Cai
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxia Gong
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Nascimento RDPD, Machado APDF. The preventive and therapeutic effects of anthocyanins on colorectal cancer: A comprehensive review based on up-to-date experimental studies. Food Res Int 2023; 170:113028. [PMID: 37316089 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most lethal and the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. More than 75% of CRC cases are sporadic and lifestyle-related. Risk factors include diet, physical inactivity, genetics, smoking, alcohol, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and inflammation-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The limits of conventional treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy), as demonstrated by the side effects and resistance of many CRC patients, are making professionals search for new chemopreventive alternatives. In this context, diets rich in fruits and vegetables or plant-based products, which contain high levels of phytochemicals, have been postulated as complementary therapeutic options. Anthocyanins, phenolic pigments responsible for the vivid colors of most red, purple, and blue fruits and vegetables, have been shown protective effects on CRC. Berries, grapes, Brazilian fruits, and vegetables such as black rice and purple sweet potato are examples of products rich in anthocyanins, which have been able to reduce cancer development by modulating signaling pathways associated with CRC. Therefore, this review has as main objective to present and discuss the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of anthocyanins present in fruits and vegetables, in plant extracts, or in their pure form on CRC, taking into account up-to-date experimental studies (2017-2023). Additionally, a highlight is given towards the mechanisms of action of anthocyanins on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Paula do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism (LANUM), Department of Food Science and Nutrition (DECAN), School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Rd, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Ana Paula da Fonseca Machado
- Study and Research Group on Agroindustrial Products from the Cerrado (GEPPAC), Faculty of Engineering (FAEN), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados-Itahum Highway Km 12, 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Julian McClements D, Chen L, Peng X, Xu Z, Meng M, Ji H, Zhi C, Ye L, Zhao J, Jin Z. Progress on molecular modification and functional applications of anthocyanins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37485927 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2238063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have attracted a lot of attention in the fields of natural pigments, food packaging, and functional foods due to their color, antioxidant, and nutraceutical properties. However, the poor chemical stability and low bioavailability of anthocyanins currently limit their application in the food industry. Various methods can be used to modify the structure of anthocyanins and thus improve their stability and bioavailability characteristics under food processing, storage, and gastrointestinal conditions. This paper aims to review in vitro modification methods for altering the molecular structure of anthocyanins, as well as their resulting improved properties such as color, stability, solubility, and antioxidant properties, and functional applications as pigments, sensors and functional foods. In industrial production, by mixing co-pigments with anthocyanins in food systems, the color and stability of anthocyanins can be improved by using non-covalent co-pigmentation. By acylation of fatty acids and aromatic acids with anthocyanins before incorporation into food systems, the surface activity of anthocyanins can be activated and their antioxidant and bioactivity can be improved. Various other chemical modification methods, such as methylation, glycosylation, and the formation of pyranoanthocyanins, can also be utilized to tailor the molecular properties of anthocyanins expanding their range of applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Long Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Meng
- Licheng Detection and Certification Group Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, China
| | - Hangyan Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chaohui Zhi
- Changzhou Longjun Skypurl Environmental Protection Industrial Development Co., Ltd, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Changzhou Longjun Skypurl Environmental Protection Industrial Development Co., Ltd, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Liang S, Li X, Liu R, Hu J, Li Y, Sun J, Bai W. Malvidin-3- O-Glucoside Ameliorates Cadmium-Mediated Cell Dysfunction in the Estradiol Generation of Human Granulosa Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030753. [PMID: 36771459 PMCID: PMC9921828 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a frequent environmental pollutant associated with biological toxicity that can harm female reproduction. Anthocyanins have been reported to reduce the toxicity of Cd. In the present study, the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of malvidin-3-O-glucoside (M3G) against the toxicity of Cd on female reproduction in KGN cells (human ovarian granulosa-like tumor cells) were investigated. After treating cells with 10 µmol/L cadmium chloride, the results showed that M3G lessened Cd-induced KGN cell cytotoxicity better than malvidin and malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside. Additionally, M3G significantly decreased the Cd-induced generation of reactive oxygen species, inhibited the Cd-induced arrest of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and increased estradiol (E2) production. According to transcriptomic results, M3G reduced the abnormal expression of genes that responded to estrogen. Additionally, M3G promoted the endogenous synthesis and secretion of E2 by controlling the expression of CYP17A1 and HSD17B7. The current findings indicated that M3G is of great potential to prevent Cd-induced female reproductive impairment as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuer Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Dongguan 523576, China
| | - Ruijing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: author: (J.S.); (W.B.); Tel.: +86-150-13236805 (J.S.); +86-020-85226630 (W.B.)
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Correspondence: author: (J.S.); (W.B.); Tel.: +86-150-13236805 (J.S.); +86-020-85226630 (W.B.)
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Anthocyanins: Metabolic Digestion, Bioavailability, Therapeutic Effects, Current Pharmaceutical/Industrial Use, and Innovation Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010048. [PMID: 36670910 PMCID: PMC9855055 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, various concepts and features of anthocyanins have been comprehensively reviewed, taking the benefits of the scientific publications released mainly within the last five years. Within the paper, common topics such as anthocyanin chemistry and occurrence, including the biosynthesis of anthocyanins emphasizing the anthocyanin formation pathway, anthocyanin chemistry, and factors influencing the anthocyanins' stability, are covered in detail. By evaluating the recent in vitro and human experimental studies on the absorption and bioavailability of anthocyanins present in typical food and beverages, this review elucidates the significant variations in biokinetic parameters based on the model, anthocyanin source, and dose, allowing us to make basic assumptions about their bioavailability. Additionally, special attention is paid to other topics, such as the therapeutic effects of anthocyanins. Reviewing the recent in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies on the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins against various diseases permits a demonstration of the promising efficacy of different anthocyanin sources at various levels, including the neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and anticancer effects. Additionally, the studies on using plant-based anthocyanins as coloring food mediums are extensively investigated in this paper, revealing the successful use of anthocyanins in coloring various products, such as dietary and bakery products, mixes, juices, candies, beverages, ice cream, and jams. Lastly, the successful application of anthocyanins as prebiotic ingredients, the innovation potential of anthocyanins in industry, and sustainable sources of anthocyanins, including a quantitative research literature and database analysis, is performed.
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DAYI TAYGUN, ONIZ ADILE. Effects of the Mediterranean diet polyphenols on cancer development. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E74-E80. [PMID: 36479482 PMCID: PMC9710397 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the second most common mortality reason is cancer. There are two types of risk factors for cancer: intrinsic (unmodifiable) and non-intrinsic (modifiable). Bad lifestyle behaviors are among the exogenous non-intrinsic risk factors that can be related to 30-50% of cancer development risk, among which can be counted the Western lifestyle. On the contrary, a potentially good lifestyle model to prevent cancer is the Mediterranean diet (MD), which is a plant-based nutrition model. The Mediterranean diet includes many beneficial nutrients and nutritional substances, such as dietary fibers, fatty acids, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory substances, etc. Among these beneficial substances, an important group is the one composed by polyphenols, the most common plant-synthesized secondary metabolites. Being a plant-based nutrition model, the Mediterranean diet provides many polyphenols, such as resveratrol, quercetin, phenolic acids, catechins, anthocyanins, oleocanthal, oleuropein, rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, hesperidin, naringenin, ellagic acid, etc. These substances show anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-migration, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic, and autophagy stimulator effects, which can potentially reduce cancer development risk, as was shown by some in vivo and in vitro studies on this topic. In this review of the literature we shed light on the effects and potential interactions between the Mediterranean diet polyphenols and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- TAYGUN DAYI
- Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Taygun Dayi, Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail: ; Adile Oniz, Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Management, Cyprus 99138. E-mail:
| | - ADILE ONIZ
- Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Management, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Taygun Dayi, Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail: ; Adile Oniz, Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Management, Cyprus 99138. E-mail:
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Sex-Biased Immune Responses to Antibiotics during Anti-PD-L1 Treatment in Mice with Colon Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9202491. [PMID: 35903754 PMCID: PMC9325566 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9202491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis is a frequently occurred side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are increasingly used in cancer treatment, whereas antibiotics are widely used to treat colitis, their effectiveness in ICI-associated colitis remains controversial. In this study, we firstly assessed the effectiveness of several commonly used antibiotics and antibiotic cocktails in alleviating of dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis. We observed that two narrow-spectrum antibiotics, neomycin and metronidazole, were more effective in alleviating colitis, as evidenced by the remission of loss of the body weight, enlargement of the spleen, shortening of the colon, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and histological score of the colon tissue. Moreover, these two antibiotics resulted in better relief of colitis symptoms in the MC38 tumor-bearing male mice receiving the anti-PD-L1 mAb (αPD-L1) treatment, compared to the females. In the meantime, an enhanced response to αPD-L1 efficiency against mice colon cancer was observed in the male mouse group upon the application of these two antibiotics. In contrast, both neomycin and metronidazole showed destructive effects on the antitumor efficiency of αPD-L1 in female mice, despite relief from colitis. We found that antibiotic treatment attenuated the increased infiltration of granulocytes and myeloid cells in colon tissue induced by DSS in female mice, while reducing the proportion of Th17 cells in male mice. These differences were further associated with the sex-biased differences in the gut microbiota. These findings indicated that sex-dependent alterations in the gut microbiota should be considered when applying antibiotics for the treatment of ICI-associated colitis.
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Transcriptomic and Chemical Analyses Reveal the Hub Regulators of Flower Color Variation from Camellia japonica Bud Sport. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Camellia japonica is a woody ornamental plant with multiple flower color variations caused by bud sport; however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, chemical and transcriptomic analyses of C. japonica were performed with white, pink, red, and dark red flowers caused by bud sport. Seven anthocyanins were detected in these samples, except in C. japonica ’YuDan’ (white petals). The total anthocyanin content of C. japonica ’JinBiHuiHuang’ was the highest, and cyanidin 3-O-β-glucoside (Cy3G) was the main anthocyanin affecting the redness of petals. Furthermore, the ratio of Cy3G and cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-B-glucoside) was significantly correlated with the red petal phenotype. In total, 5673 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The potential co-expression modules related to anthocyanin accumulation were established, which featured transcription factors, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. Thirteen structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were identified as DEGs, most of them were upregulated with deepening of flower redness. An integrated promoter and cluster analysis suggested that CjMYB62, CjMYB52, and CjGATA may play important roles in anthocyanin accumulation. These results provide insight and candidate genes for the transcriptional mechanism responsible for the bud sport phenotype.
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Shi N, Chen X, Chen T. Anthocyanins in Colorectal Cancer Prevention Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101600. [PMID: 34679735 PMCID: PMC8533526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a big health burden worldwide. Nutrition and dietary factors are known to affect colorectal cancer development and prognosis. The protective roles of diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been previously reported to contain high levels of cancer-fighting phytochemicals. Anthocyanins are the most abundant flavonoid compounds that are responsible for the bright colors of most blue, purple, and red fruits and vegetables, and have been shown to contribute to the protective effects of fruits and vegetables against cancer and other chronic diseases. Berries and grapes are the most common anthocyanin-rich fruits with antitumor effects. The antitumor effects of anthocyanins are determined by their structures and bioavailability as well as how they are metabolized. In this review, we aimed to discuss the preventive as well as therapeutic potentials of anthocyanins in CRC. We summarized the antitumor effects of anthocyanins and the mechanisms of action. We also discussed the potential pharmaceutical application of anthocyanins in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, 13th Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George St., Durham, NC 27707, USA;
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, 13th Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(614)-685-9119
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Microbial Transformation of Galangin Derivatives and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Their Metabolites. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin (1), 3-O-methylgalangin (2), and galangin flavanone (3), the major bioactive flavonoids isolated from Alpinia officinarum, were biotransformed into one novel and four known metabolites (4–8) by application of the fungal strains Mucor hiemalis and Absidia coerulea as biocatalysts. Their structures were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analyses including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1–7 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The new compound 3-O-methylgalangin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, A375P, B16F10, B16F1, and A549 cancer cell lines with the IC50 values at 3.55–6.23 μM.
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Zhang Z, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Ren M, Li Y, Lu G, Wu K, He S. Delphinidin modulates JAK/STAT3 and MAPKinase signaling to induce apoptosis in HCT116 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1557-1566. [PMID: 33955636 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Delphinidin is an anthocyanin that belongs to the group of flavonoids that exert numerous biological activities. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of delphinidin remain poorly understood. In our study we analyzed delphinidin modulate STAT-3 and MAPKinase signaling thereby inhbits cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. Our study demonstrated that delphinidin treatment significantly reduced the viability of human colon cancer HCT116 in a concentration-dependent manner. We noticed that delphinidin effectively induced oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis by generating intracellular ROS, decreasing antioxidant levels, inducing lipid peroxidation, and single-strand break on colon cancer cells. In this study, we observed that delphinidin treatment alters the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby induces apoptosis was closely associated with the induction of pro-apoptotic Bax, Caspase- 3,8 & 9, cytochrome C, and inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein expression. Studies on STAT-3 and MAPKinase signaling showed delphinidin inhibited the phosphorylation of these transcription factors' activity. Inhibition of STAT-3, p38, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and modulation pro-apoptotic protein expression might be responsible for the anticancer activity of delphinidin in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mudan Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yarui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guifang Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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