1
|
Othman AM, Abdel-Rahman N, Denewer M, Eissa LA. Sinapic acid and 3,3′-diindolylmethane potentiate cyclophosphamide antitumor activity through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of metastasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110074. [PMID: 36989898 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM New therapeutic strategies are required to enhance the anticancer efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and to reduce their cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-tumor, antimetastatic and anti-apoptotic activities of sinapic acid (SA) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) in solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) induced in mice and combining SA or DIM compounds with cyclophosphamide (CYP). METHODS For induction of solid tumor, the right hind limbs of mice were inoculated subcutaneously with Ehrlich carcinoma cells. After 5 days of tumor inoculation, mice were treated with SA (56 mg/kg), DIM (40 mg/kg), CYP (10 mg/kg), and their combinations (SA/CYP) and (SA/DIM) for 21 days. The mRNA levels of Elabela, Serpina3, caspase-3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were assessed by qPCR. Tumor and liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. Serum was investigated for ALT and AST activities. MAIN FINDINGS Treatment of SEC mice with SA and DIM significantly reduced solid tumor weight by 45.6% and 33.2%, respectively. They also reduced tumor size and increased life span of SEC mice. SA and DIM diminished area of metastatic nodules of tumor cells in the liver by 54.1% and 47.4%, respectively. They also reduced serum aminotransferases activities. Both SA and DIM were found to upregulate caspase 3 and downregulate MMP-2 and MMP-9. Furthermore, SA and DIM reduced gene expression of Elabela by (44.8% and 35.1%) and Serpina3 by (30.7% and 23.5%), respectively. SA and DIM were also shown to potentiate the anti-tumor activity CYP. SA and DIM showed promising antitumor effects and enhanced CYP antitumor activity mostly through upregulation of apoptotic caspase 3 and suppressing metastatic enzymes MMP-2 and MMP-9. Additionally, SA and DIM exhibited a hepatoprotective effect. Our results suggest that these natural compounds may be used to improve the efficacy and reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of solid malignancies.
Collapse
|
2
|
Filho WEM, Almeida-Souza F, Vale AAM, Victor EC, Rocha MCB, Silva GX, Teles AM, Nascimento FRF, Moragas-Tellis CJ, Chagas MDSDS, Behrens MD, Hardoim DDJ, Taniwaki NN, Lima JA, Abreu-Silva AL, Gil da Costa RM, Calabrese KDS, Azevedo-Santos APSD, Nascimento MDDSB. Antitumor Effect of Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Seed Extract in LNCaP Cells and in the Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092544. [PMID: 37174010 PMCID: PMC10177358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Euterpe oleracea (açaí) fruit has approximately 15% pulp, which is partly edible and commercialized, and 85% seeds. Although açaí seeds are rich in catechins-polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects-almost 935,000 tons/year of seeds are discarded as industrial waste. This work evaluated the antitumor properties of E. oleracea in vitro and in vivo in a solid Ehrlich tumor in mice. The seed extract presented 86.26 ± 0.189 mg of catechin/g of extract. The palm and pulp extracts did not exhibit in vitro antitumor activity, while the fruit and seed extracts showed cytotoxic effects on the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line, inducing mitochondrial and nuclear alterations. Oral treatments were performed daily at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of E. oleracea seed extract. The tumor development and histology were evaluated, along with immunological and toxicological parameters. Treatment at 400 mg/kg reduced the tumor size, nuclear pleomorphism, and mitosis figures, increasing tumor necrosis. Treated groups showed cellularity of lymphoid organs comparable to the untreated group, suggesting less infiltration in the lymph node and spleen and preservation of the bone marrow. The highest doses reduced IL-6 and induced IFN-γ, suggesting antitumor and immunomodulatory effects. Thus, açaí seeds can be an important source of compounds with antitumor and immunoprotective properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walbert Edson Muniz Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Fernando Almeida-Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Maranhão, Sao Luis 65055-310, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - André Alvares Marques Vale
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Immunology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Elis Cabral Victor
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Immunology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Mirtes Castelo Branco Rocha
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Immunology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Xavier Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Amanda Mara Teles
- Postgraduate Program in Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Junqueira Moragas-Tellis
- Natural Products Department, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Dutra Behrens
- Natural Products Department, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Daiana de Jesus Hardoim
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | | | - Josélia Alencar Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Abreu-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Maranhão, Sao Luis 65055-310, Brazil
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Health Research Network, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology, Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP/RISE@CI-IPOP), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Kátia da Silva Calabrese
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Silva de Azevedo-Santos
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Immunology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Almohammed HI, Alkhaibari AM, Alanazi AD. Antiparasitic effects of Elettaria cardamomum L. essential oil and its main compounds, 1-8 Cineole alone and in combination with albendazole against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2811-2818. [PMID: 35531210 PMCID: PMC9073046 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present investigation aims to determine the chemical structure and protoscolicidal effects of Elettaria cardamomum L. essential oil (ECEO) and its main compounds 1–8 cineole alone and along with albendazole (ALZ) against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro and ex vivo. We also decided to evaluate some cellular mechanisms such as the apoptotic activity and the permeability of plasma membrane of protoscoleces treated with ECEO and 1–8 cineole. Methods Hydatid cyst protoscoleces were divided into seven groups including protoscoleces treated with ECEO 50 µl/mL (T1), protoscoleces treated with ECEO 100 µl/mL (T2), protoscoleces treated with ECEO 200 µl/mL (T3), protoscoleces treated with 1–8 cineole 100 µg/mL (T4), protoscoleces treated with 1–8 cineole 200 µg/mL (T5), protoscoleces treated with 1–8 cineole 100 µg/mL + albendazole 50 µg/mL (T6), and protoscoleces treated with 1–8 cineole 200 µg/mL + albendazole ALZ-50 µg/mL (T7). The viability of protoscoleces were recorded by eosin staining examination. Moreover, the induction of apoptosis and the plasma membrane permeability of the protoscoleces treated with ECEO and 1–8 cineole were evaluated. Results The highest protoscolicidal effect of ECEO was observed at the dose of 200 µl/ml (T3). 1,8-Cineole alone and combined with ALZ, particularly at the dose of 200 µg/ml (T5 and T7), destroyed the 100% protoscolices after 10 min incubation. The ECEO (T1-T3) and 1–8 cineole alone (T4 and T5) and in combination with ALZ (T6 and T7) took longer to display their protoscolicidal effect ex vivo. The obtained results of relative fuorescent items exhibited that the protoscoleces incubated with ECEO and 1,8-Cineole, alter the permeability of plasma membrane by Sytox Green with increasing the concentration. The findings revealed exhibited that ECEO and 1,8-Cineole increasingly and dose-dependently induced activation of caspase-3 enzyme ranging from 6.8 to 23.3%. Conclusion Our obtained results revealed that ECEO and its main compound, 1,8-Cineole exhibited the potent protoscolicidal in vitro and ex vivo; and if more research is done on their efficacy and toxicity in animal models and even clinical setting, it can be suggested as a protoscolicidal agent to use during hydatid cyst surgery.
Collapse
|
4
|
The ponatinib/gossypol novel combination provides enhanced anticancer activity against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma via triggering apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation/angiogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115767. [PMID: 34699866 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The search for new antitumor agents or combinations that are more effective and, hopefully, provide fewer health hazards is ongoing. Therefore, this study investigated the efficacy of a novel combination of ponatinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and the natural phytochemical gossypol against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma. Six groups of ten mice each received vehicle (I), ponatinib in doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg (II, III) respectively, gossypol in a dose of 4 mg/kg (IV), and ponatinib (10 or 15 mg/kg) in combination with gossypol (4 mg/kg; V, VI). All treatments started on the 12th post-Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) implantation day and were administered intraperitoneally in daily doses for 3 weeks. Treatment of EAC-bearing mice with ponatinib/gossypol combination improved anticancer efficacy over either drug alone, as demonstrated by greater decreases in tumor weight and volume, and ponatinib (10 mg/kg)/gossypol combination was more efficient than ponatinib (15 mg/kg). Mechanistically, the ponatinib/gossypol combination significantly increased apoptotic markers p53, Bax, and caspase-9 while decreasing anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. Furthermore, it greatly decreased proliferative and angiogenic markers, FGFR4 and VEGF, respectively. Histopathology revealed a significant decline in neoplastic cells, the majority of which have necrotic changes and numerous apoptotic bodies, as well as a decrease in mitotic figures and tumor giant cells, indicating the capacity to suppress cancer proliferation/persistence. Overall, gossypol could be used as an adjuvant medication for ponatinib in cancer treatment, possibly leading to successful dose reductions and fewer side effects; however, further research is needed before a clinical application could be feasible.
Collapse
|