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Liu X, Guo Y, Gao W, Xie Y, Zhao H, Du J. Current situation and influence factors of scientific integrity in China: A multicenter survey. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2024; 11:100365. [PMID: 38304226 PMCID: PMC10831262 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cases of scientific misconduct have occurred frequently, especially in the field of medical research. We collected electronic questionnaires from 1257 medical staff in 43 cities and obtained a cross-sectional data set of their understanding of scientific integrity in research. This study aims to propose recommendations for establishing a mature oversight system for research integrity. Methods The study employed multiple regression analysis to explore the effect of different factors on the perception of four types of research integrity. Results Female participants had a higher understanding of project application integrity than men (P < 0.001). Participants in clinical departments had a lower understanding of project application integrity than those in nursing departments (clinical vs. nursing, P = 0.046). Participants with a junior college degree or below had a lower understanding than those who had a postgraduate degree and doctoral degree (junior college or below vs. postgraduate degree, P < 0.001; junior college or below vs. doctoral degree, P < 0.001). Conclusions We found that female, medical technology department, advanced education background, and advanced professional titles were significantly associated with a higher understanding of scientific integrity in research in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Gao
- Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Office of Academic Research, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Heling Zhao
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Office of Academic Research, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Du
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Office of Academic Research, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Beijing, China
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Fenn NE, Shoair OA, Luke JD, Willson M, Aranda J, Deng B. Pharmacy faculty experiences and perceptions of academic dishonesty. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2023:S1877-1297(23)00103-X. [PMID: 37198091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Academic dishonesty (AD) continues to be an area of concern in pharmacy education. While studies have been conducted evaluating various forms and interventions to address AD, few have looked at faculty experiences and perceptions of AD in doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) programs in the United States. METHODS A 52-item survey was distributed electronically to pharmacy faculty at 129 colleges of pharmacy (COP). Faculty perceptions and experiences related to AD were recorded using a six-point Likert-type scale. Data were reported as the percentage of respondents for each level of agreement in addition to the mean and SD of the agreement level for each survey item. RESULTS Responses were received from 775 faculty from 126 COP (14.2% response rate). Faculty agreed that AD was an issue in pharmacy education in general (76%) and at their institution (70%), however respondents also agreed that AD was quickly addressed by their institution (72%) and were confident in their institution's ability to manage AD infractions (68%). Faculty agreed that it is both difficult (82.5%) and frustrating (75.2%) to report AD infractions at their institution. Female faculty (P = .006) and those who spent more time in classroom (P < .001) agreed more that they witnessed AD in the classroom. Findings were further stratified by gender, faculty rank, time in class, and terminal degree. CONCLUSIONS AD was perceived as an issue in pharmacy education. Transparency in the AD handling process and increased student education about AD were identified as potential solutions to reduce AD occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman E Fenn
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manchester University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 10627 Diebold Road, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, United States.
| | - Osama A Shoair
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, The University of Texas at Tyler Fisch College of Pharmacy, 3900 University Blvd, WTB 346, Tyler, TX 75703, United States.
| | - Jeffrey D Luke
- CPS-PACT, VA Texas Valley Coastal Bend Corpus Christi Outpatient Clinic, 5293 Old Brownsville Road, Corpus Christi, TX 78405, United States.
| | - Megan Willson
- Pharmacotherapy Washington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 412 E Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, United States.
| | - Josephine Aranda
- Inland Empire Health Plan, 10801 Sixth St, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730, United States.
| | - Bin Deng
- West Coast University School of Pharmacy, 590 N Vermont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90004, United States.
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Veríssimo AC, Conrado GAM, Barbosa J, Gomes SF, Severo M, Oliveira P, Ribeiro L. Machiavellian Medical Students Report More Academic Misconduct: A Cocktail Fuelled by Psychological and Contextual Factors. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2097-2105. [PMID: 35983023 PMCID: PMC9380600 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s370402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Maladaptive personality traits and some psychological functioning indicators have been linked to academic misbehaviour; yet their role is still poorly explored in medical students. This study aims to assess associations of academic misconduct with dark personality traits and psychological well-being. Methods Five hundred and ninety-one medical students attending the first, third and fifth-year at one Portuguese medical school replied to the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales and an original Academic Misconduct Questionnaire, using a cross-sectional design. Multiple linear regression was performed to assess associations. Results Fifth-year medical students who scored higher in Machiavellianism and psychological well-being and perceived greater peer fraud and lower penalty for cheating reported more academic misconduct. The explanatory power of the model was 16.6%. Machiavellianism showed the strongest associations with cheating, while sex and age were not significant predictors. Conclusion This study offers relevant insights into how maladaptive personalities influence academic misconduct in medical students, and how this relationship is moulded by psychological and contextual factors. These findings can help guide institutional actions to foster academic integrity in future physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Veríssimo
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - George A M Conrado
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Joselina Barbosa
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra F Gomes
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Academic Integrity Perceptions Among Health-Professions’ Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in The Middle East. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC ETHICS 2022; 21:231-249. [PMID: 35815317 PMCID: PMC9255445 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-022-09452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A high level of professional integrity is expected from healthcare professionals, and literature suggests a relationship between unethical behavior of healthcare professionals and poor academic integrity behavior at medical school. While academic integrity is well researched in western countries, it is not so in the Middle East, which is characterized by different cultural values that may influence students’ academic integrity conduct. We conducted a cross-sectional study among health-professions students at a university in the Middle East to assess perceptual differences on various cheating behaviors, as well as to explore the reasons underlying the cheating behavior. A validated survey instrument disseminated among first and second-year undergraduate students resulted in 211 complete responses and this data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson’s Chi-square/ Fischer’s exact test was applied to test the association of various factors with academic misconduct. The major determinants of academic misconduct were investigated using Binary Logistic regression model. The conducted analysis and the results showed that preceding cheating behavior was the only factor significantly associated with cheating in the university (p < 0.001). No association was found between cheating behavior and age, college/major, awareness regarding academic integrity, or perception of faculty response. The reasons provided by students for cheating behavior were mainly academic workload and pressure to get a good grade. Various suggestions are made to enhance academic integrity among health-professions students including organizing workshops and events by the university to increase awareness and create an academic integrity culture, providing peer guidance as well as emotional and social support.
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Tian J, Zhao JY, Xu JM, Li QL, Sun T, Zhao CX, Gao R, Zhu LY, Guo HC, Yang LB, Cao DP, Zhang SE. Mobile Phone Addiction and Academic Procrastination Negatively Impact Academic Achievement Among Chinese Medical Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:758303. [PMID: 34887808 PMCID: PMC8649691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.758303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of mobile phone addiction and academic procrastination among medical students has been widely acknowledged. This study aimed to explore the influence of demographic factors on mobile phone addiction, academic procrastination, and academic achievement among medical students. Further, it investigated the association between mobile phone addiction, academic procrastination, and academic achievement. This cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2019. A total of 3 511 medical students participated in an online questionnaire survey (effective response rate = 81.7%). Demographic factors, the Scale of Academic Achievement, the short scale of the Mobile Phone Problem Use (MPPUS-10), and the Academic Procrastination Scale–Short (APS-S) were used. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the average scores for academic procrastination, mobile phone addiction, and academic achievement were 2.66 ± 0.91, 5.13 ± 1.53, and 4.51 ± 0.71, respectively. Moreover, there were significant differences in gender, grade, leadership experience, and family monthly income across mobile phone addiction, academic procrastination, and academic achievement. Mobile phone addiction was negatively associated with learning dedication, learning performance, and relationship facilitation. Academic procrastination was negatively associated with learning dedication, learning performance, relationship facilitation, and objective achievement. Mobile phone addiction and academic procrastination was revealed as prevalent among Chinese medical students, and negatively influences their academic achievement. It is critical to establish a more efficient learning environment for Chinese medical students to minimize the negative impact of mobile phone addiction and academic procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ji-Yang Zhao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Ming Xu
- Party Committee Office, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Lin Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine, Hang Zhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li-Yan Zhu
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Chen Guo
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li-Bin Yang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - De-Pin Cao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-E Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Hakami AR. Effect of absenteeism on the performance of medical sciences students: gender differences. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2021; 26:1875531. [PMID: 33468038 PMCID: PMC7833043 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2021.1875531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the learning environment on academic performance can be investigated according to a broad range of factors using a diversity of approaches. Many differences in academic performance have been associated with the sex of the student. Objectives: This study aims to understand the impact of absenteeism on the final grades earned by full-time medical laboratory sciences undergraduate students and whether this is affected by sex. Academic performance was analyzed using students' final grades from two consecutive semesters (January to April and September to December 2019). The differences between male (n = 43) and female (n = 72) students were evaluated by Pearson's correlation. During the semester, all teaching and assessment methods were standardized across both course sections to avoid confounding effects derived from the teaching method. Academic performance was assessed both objectively (multiple-choice questions) and subjectively (short essay questions). The mean scores of male and female students during two semesters were significantly different (p = 0.0180). To correlate marks with absenteeism, the correlation coefficient (r) was negative, which indicates an inverse correlation between absence rate and scores. Interestingly, a statistically significant correlation between absenteeism and final grades was found in the male sample population (p = 0.0011 for the first semester; p = 0.0255 for the second semester) that was not observed for their female counterparts (p = 0.2041; p = 0.1537). The results indicate that academic performance among women is not solely dependent on class attendance but likely involves other factors such as self-learning, and group discussion. The mean scores of female medical sciences students were significantly higher than the male students for two consecutive semesters. Male overall scores seem to be conditional on the instructor's explanation. This sex-based variation in academic performance revealed by taking absenteeism rate into account warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahim Refdan Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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