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Ssali A, Namugumya R, Nalubega P, Kyohere M, Seeley J, Doare KL. Exploring the consent process among pregnant and breastfeeding women taking part in a maternal vaccine clinical trial in Kampala, Uganda: a qualitative study. BMC Med Ethics 2024; 25:57. [PMID: 38755578 PMCID: PMC11097482 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-024-01055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of pregnant women in vaccine clinical trials presents unique challenges for the informed consent process. We explored the expectations and experiences of the pregnant women, spouses/partners, health workers and stakeholders of the consent process during a Group B Streptococcus maternal vaccine trial. METHODS We interviewed 56 participants including pregnant women taking part in the trial, women not in the trial, health workers handling the trial procedures, spouses, and community stakeholders. We conducted 13 in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 23 women in the trial, in-depth interviews with 5 spouses, and 5 women not in the trial, key informant interviews with 5 health workers and 5 other stakeholders were undertaken. RESULTS Decision-making by a pregnant woman to join a trial was done in consultation with spouse, parents, siblings, or trusted health workers. Written study information was appreciated by all but they suggested the use of audio and visual presentation to enhance understanding. Women stressed the need to ensure that their male partners received study information before their pregnant partners joined a clinical trial. Confidentiality in research was emphasised differently by individual participants; while some emphasised it for self, others were keen to protect their family members from being exposed, for allowing them to be involved in research. However, others wanted their community participation to be acknowledged. CONCLUSION We found that pregnant women make decisions to join a clinical trial after consulting with close family. Our findings suggest the need for an information strategy which informs not only the pregnant woman, but also her family about the research she is invited to engage in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ssali
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute & London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Rita Namugumya
- Makerere University -John Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Phiona Nalubega
- Makerere University -John Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Janet Seeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Kimbugwe G, Vatrinet R, Mwanga JA, Kakuru R, Mpeirwe D, Logoose S, Opio K, Kambale M, Seeley J, Grais RF, Marquer C, Kaleebu P, Ssali A. Perceptions, attitudes, and willingness of healthcare and frontline workers to participate in an Ebola vaccine trial in Uganda. Vaccine 2024; 42:3002-3008. [PMID: 38565464 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the knowledge, perception and attitudes towards Ebola vaccines is an important factor in ensuring future use of these vaccines. A qualitative methods study embedded in an Ebola vaccine immunogenicity and safety trial (NCT04028349) was conducted to explore the knowledge and perceptions of healthcare (HCWs) and frontline workers (FLWs), about Ebola vaccines and their willingness to participate or recommend participation in Uganda. METHOD We carried out focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews before and after vaccination, with 70 HCWs and FLWs who consented to participate in the trial, and in the qualitative component, from August to September 2019. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS Respondents showed good knowledge about Ebola and the vaccines in general, and had wide access to information through several channels, including the study team. On prevention, particular attention was given to effective communication within health facilities. Misconceptions were mainly around route of transmission, animal origin and types of vaccines. Previous fears were based on rumours circulating in the community, mainly about the presence of the virus in the vaccine, side effects and intention to harm (e.g. by "the whites"), ultimately insisting on transparency, trust and involvement of local leaders. Acceptability of participation was motivated by the need to protect self and others, and the willingness to advance research. Majority were willing to recommend participation to their community. CONCLUSIONS Overall, information sharing leads to a better understanding and acceptance of vaccine trials and a positive vaccination experience can be a deciding factor in the acceptance of others. Particular attention should be paid to involving the community in addressing misconceptions and fears, while ensuring that participants have access to vaccination sites in terms of transport, and that they are properly accommodated at the study site including staying for a reasonable period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Janet Seeley
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Ssali
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Zola Matuvanga T, Larivière Y, Lemey G, Isekah Osang'ir B, Mariën J, Milolo S, Meta R, Matangila J, Maketa V, Mitashi P, Van Geertruyden JP, Muhindo-Mavoko H, Van Damme P. Longitudinal assessment of an Ebola vaccine trial understanding among healthcare providers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Vaccine 2024; 42:481-488. [PMID: 38163747 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term retention of information disclosed during the informed consent in clinical trials lasting over a year cannot be guaranteed for all volunteers. This study aimed to assess the level of participants' retention and understanding of the trial information after two years of participation in a vaccine trial. METHODS In total, 699 health care providers (HCPs) and frontline workers were enrolled in the EBL2007 vaccine trial conducted between February 2019 and September 2022 in the Health District of Boende, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Individual scores obtained from a questionnaire (test of understanding, TOU), specifically designed to assess the understanding of the consent at baseline, were collected before the clinical trial started and at one-year and two-year intervals. RESULTS TOU scores were high in the beginning of the trial (median TOU = 10/10), but significantly decreased in both the first and second years following (median TOU = 8/10 in year 1 and median TOU = 9/10 in year 2, p-value < 0.0001). The decrease in scores was significantly higher among individuals with occupations requiring shorter education such as midwives (median TOU = 7/10 in year 1 and 8/10 in year 2, pvalue = 0.025). Furthermore, older participants exhibited poorer retention of information compared to younger individuals (median TOU = 8/10 vs 9/10, p-value = 0.007). CONCLUSION We observed a significant decline in the informational knowledge of informed consent, specifically in terms of basic knowledge on the study vaccine and trial procedures. As participant safety and understanding is a paramount ethical concern for researchers, it is crucial for participants to fully comprehend the study's objectives and potential risks. Therefore, our findings suggest the need for clinical researchers to re-explain participants to optimize the protection of their rights and wellbeing during the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trésor Zola Matuvanga
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Global Health Institute, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Tropical Medicine Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo.
| | - Ynke Larivière
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Global Health Institute, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gwen Lemey
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Global Health Institute, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bernard Isekah Osang'ir
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Global Health Institute, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Joachim Mariën
- Department of Biology, Evolutionairy Ecology group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Solange Milolo
- Tropical Medicine Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Rachel Meta
- Tropical Medicine Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Junior Matangila
- Tropical Medicine Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Vivi Maketa
- Tropical Medicine Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Patrick Mitashi
- Tropical Medicine Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden
- Global Health Institute, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Lawrence DS, Ssali A, Jarvis JN, Seeley J. Clinical research for life-threatening illnesses requiring emergency hospitalisation: a critical interpretive synthesis of qualitative data related to the experience of participants and their caregivers. Trials 2023; 24:149. [PMID: 36849961 PMCID: PMC9972707 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into life-threatening illnesses which require emergency hospitalisation is essential. This group of patients is unique in that they are experiencing an unfolding emergency when they are approached, enrolled, and followed up in a research study. We aimed to synthesise qualitative data from trial participants and surrogate decision-makers to deepen our understanding and inform the design and conduct of future clinical trials for life-threatening illnesses. METHODS We conducted a critical interpretive synthesis of qualitative data from trial participants and surrogate decision-makers related to the experience of participating in a clinical research study when suffering from a life-threatening illness. A scoping review informed a systematic review of published data. We searched research databases and reviewed papers for inclusion. Primary data and interpretations of data were extracted from each paper. Data were analysed using reciprocal translational analysis, refutational synthesis, and lines of argument synthesis to develop a synthetic construct. RESULTS Twenty-two papers were included. Most individuals had no previous knowledge or experience with clinical research. Individuals making decisions were directly experiencing or witness to an unfolding emergency which came with a myriad of physical and psychological symptoms. It was difficult to differentiate clinical research and routine care, and understanding of core concepts around research, particularly randomisation and equipoise, was limited. We found that this led to an underestimation of risk, an overestimation of benefit, and an expectation of being allocated to the intervention arm. The decision-making process was heavily influenced by trust in the research team. Individuals suggested that abbreviated information, presented in different ways and continuously throughout the research process, would have increased knowledge and satisfaction with the research process. CONCLUSION Individuals suffering from a life-threatening illness who are being invited to participate in clinical research need to be managed in a way that adapts to the severity of their illness and there is a need to tailor research processes, including informed consent, accordingly. We provide suggestions for further research and implementation work around research participation for individuals suffering from a life-threatening illness. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020207296.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Lawrence
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Agnes Ssali
- Social Aspects of Health Across the Life-Course Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joseph N Jarvis
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Janet Seeley
- Social Aspects of Health Across the Life-Course Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Sylvia N, Joseph O, David KM, Ian M, Janet N, Nelson NF, John B, Betty K, Charles I, Adelline T, Nelson S, Erisa Sabakaki M. Experiences and practices of key research team members in obtaining informed consent for pharmacogenetic research among people living with HIV: a qualitative study. RESEARCH ETHICS 2022; 18:193-209. [PMID: 36213304 PMCID: PMC9536131 DOI: 10.1177/17470161221076974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore experiences and practices of key research team members in obtaining informed consent for pharmacogenetics research and to identify the approaches used for enhancing understanding during the consenting process. Data collection involved 15 qualitative, in-depth interviews with key researchers who were involved in obtaining informed consent from HIV infected individuals in Uganda for participation in pharmacogenetic clinical trials. The study explored two prominent themes: approaches used to convey information and enhance research participants’ understanding and challenges faced during the consenting process. Several barriers and facilitators for obtaining consent were identified. Innovative and potentially effective consenting strategies were identified in this study that should be studied and independently verified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Barugahare John
- Makerere University College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | - Mwaka Erisa Sabakaki
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Uganda
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6
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Amayoa FA, Nakwagala FN, Barugahare J, Munabi IG, Mwaka ES. Understanding of Critical Elements of Informed Consent in Genomic Research: A Case of a Paediatric HIV-TB Research Project in Uganda. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2022; 17:483-493. [PMID: 35548950 DOI: 10.1177/15562646221100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported inadequate comprehension of informed consent for genomic research. This study aimed to assess research participants' understanding of critical elements of informed consent for genomic research. A cross-sectional survey involving 123 parents/caregivers of children participating in a paediatric genomic TB/HIV study was conducted. Only 47.2% of the participants had adequate understanding of consent information. The mean objective (actual) and subjective (perceived) understanding scores were 78.7% and 91.7% respectively. Participants adequately understood most elements of consent however, some elements were poorly understood including foreseeable risks, protection of confidentiality and compensation for research related injury. Overall there was inadequate comprehension of critical elements of informed consent and there was dissonance between actual and perceived comprehension of informed consent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Barugahare
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda
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7
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Luthuli M, Ngwenya N, Gumede D, Gunda R, Gareta D, Koole O, Siedner MJ, Wong EB, Seeley J. Participant recall and understandings of information on biobanking and future genomic research: experiences from a multi-disease community-based health screening and biobank platform in rural South Africa. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:43. [PMID: 35436913 PMCID: PMC9014601 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited research has been conducted on explanations and understandings of biobanking for future genomic research in African contexts with low literacy and limited healthcare access. We report on the findings of a sub-study on participant understanding embedded in a multi-disease community health screening and biobank platform study known as ‘Vukuzazi’ in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with research participants who had been invited to take part in the Vukuzazi study, including both participants and non-participants, and research staff that worked on the study. The interviews were transcribed, and themes were identified from the interview transcripts, manually coded, and thematically analysed. Results Thirty-nine individuals were interviewed. We found that the research team explained biobanking and future genomic research by describing how hereditary characteristics create similarities among individuals. However, recollection and understanding of this explanation seven months after participation was variable. The large volume of information about the Vukuzazi study objectives and procedures presented a challenge to participant recall. By the time of interviews, some participants recalled rudimentary facts about the genetic aspects of the study, but many expressed little to no interest in genetics and biobanking. Conclusion Participant’s understanding of information related to genetics and biobanking provided during the consent process is affected by the volume of information as well as participant’s interest (or lack thereof) in the subject matter being discussed. We recommend that future studies undertaking biobanking and genomic research treat explanations of this kind of research to participants as an on-going process of communication between researchers, participants and the community and that explanatory imagery and video graphic storytelling should be incorporated into theses explanations as these have previously been found to facilitate understanding among those with low literacy levels. Studies should also avoid having broader research objectives as this can divert participant’s interest and therefore understanding of why their samples are being collected. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12910-022-00782-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manono Luthuli
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Nothando Ngwenya
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.,School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Dumsani Gumede
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Resign Gunda
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.,School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Dickman Gareta
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Olivier Koole
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Global Health and Development Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily B Wong
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Janet Seeley
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Global Health and Development Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Lawrence DS, Tsholo K, Ssali A, Mupambireyi Z, Hoddinott G, Nyirenda D, Meya DB, Ndhlovu C, Harrison TS, Jarvis JN, Seeley J. The Lived Experience Of Participants in an African RandomiseD trial (LEOPARD): protocol for an in-depth qualitative study within a multisite randomised controlled trial for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e039191. [PMID: 33820784 PMCID: PMC8030472 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals recruited into clinical trials for life-threatening illnesses are particularly vulnerable. This is especially true in low-income settings. The decision to enrol may be influenced by existing inequalities, poor healthcare infrastructure and fear of death. Where patients are confused or unconscious the responsibility for this decision falls to relatives. This qualitative study is nested in the ongoing AMBIsome Therapy Induction OptimisatioN (AMBITION) Trial. AMBITION is recruiting participants from five countries in sub-Saharan Africa and is trialling a novel treatment approach for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis, an infection known to affect brain function. We aim to learn from the experiences of participants, relatives and researchers involved in AMBITION. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will collect data through in-depth interviews with trial participants and the next of kin of participants who were confused at enrolment and therefore provided surrogate consent. Data will be collected in Gaborone, Botswana; Kampala, Uganda and Harare, Zimbabwe. Interviews will follow a narrative approach including participatory drawing of participation timelines. This will be supplemented by direct observation of the research process at each of the three recruiting hospitals. Interviews will also take place with researchers from the African and European institutions that form the partnership through which the trial is administered. Interviews will be transcribed verbatim, translated (if necessary) and organised thematically for narrative analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Health Research Development Committee, Gaborone (Reference: HPDME:13/18/1); Makerere School of Health Sciences Institutional Review Board, Kampala (Reference: 2019-061); University of Zimbabwe Joint Research Ethics Committee, Harare (Reference: 219/19), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (Reference: 17957). Study findings will be shared with research participants from the sites, key stakeholders at each research institution and ministries of health to help inform the development and implementation of future trials. The findings of this study will be published in journals and presented at academic meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04296292.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Lawrence
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Katlego Tsholo
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Agnes Ssali
- Social Aspects of Health Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Graeme Hoddinott
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Deborah Nyirenda
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - David B Meya
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chiratidzo Ndhlovu
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Thomas S Harrison
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Joseph N Jarvis
- Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Janet Seeley
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Social Aspects of Health Programme, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
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9
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Sebatta DE, Siu G, Nabeta HW, Anguzu G, Walimbwa S, Lamorde M, Bukenya B, Kambugu A. "You would not be in a hurry to go back home": patients' willingness to participate in HIV/AIDS clinical trials at a clinical and research facility in Kampala, Uganda. BMC Med Ethics 2020; 21:77. [PMID: 32831090 PMCID: PMC7446203 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-020-00516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have examined factors associated with willingness of people living with HIV (PLHIV) to participate in HIV treatment clinical trials in Sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the factors associated with participation of PLHIV in HIV treatment clinical trials research at a large urban clinical and research facility in Uganda. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted at the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI), adult HIV clinic between July 2016 and January 2017. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, focused group discussions with respondents categorised as either participated or never participated in clinical trials and key informant interviews with IDI staff. A generalized linear model with a logit link function was used for multivariate analyses while the qualitative data were summarized using a thematic approach. Results We enrolled a total of 202 and analysed 151 participants, 77 (51%) of whom were male with mean age of 41 years. The majority 127 (84%) expressed willingness to participate in treatment clinical trials if given an opportunity. At bivariate analysis, willingness to participate was significantly associated with respondents’ perception of a satisfactory compensation package (P-value < 0.002, 0.08–0.56), special status accorded (P-value < 0.001, 0.05–0.39) and belief that their health status would improve (P-value< 0.08, 0.03–0.58) while on the clinical trial. At multivariate analysis, a satisfactory compensation package (P-value< 0.030, 0.08–0.88) and special status accorded in clinical trials (P-value< 0.041, 0.01–0.91) remained significant. The qualitative data analysis confirmed these findings as participants valued the privilege of jumping the clinic waiting queues and spending less time in clinic, the wide range of free tests offered to trial participants, unrestricted access to senior physicians and regular communication from study team. Additionally, free meals offered during clinic visits meant that participants were not in a hurry to go back home. Barriers to participation included the perception that new drugs were being tested on them, fear of side effects like treatment failure and the uncertainty about privacy of their data. Conclusion We found overwhelming willingness to participate in HIV treatment clinical trials. This was largely extrinsically influenced by the perceived material and health-related benefits. Investigators should pay attention to participants’ concerns for benefits which may override the need to understand study procedures and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Godfrey Siu
- Department of Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henry W Nabeta
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda.,University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Godwin Anguzu
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Walimbwa
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mohammed Lamorde
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Badru Bukenya
- Department of Social work and Social Administration, Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew Kambugu
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
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10
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Ditai J, Kanyago J, Nambozo MR, Odeke NM, Abeso J, Dusabe-Richards J, Olupot-Olupot P, Carrol ED, Medina-Lara A, Gladstone M, Storr J, Faragher B, Weeks AD. Optimising informed consent for participants in a randomised controlled trial in rural Uganda: a comparative prospective cohort mixed-methods study. Trials 2018; 19:699. [PMID: 30577809 PMCID: PMC6304001 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-3030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor participant understanding of research information can be a problem in community interventional studies with rural African women, whose levels of illiteracy are high. This study aimed to improve the informed consent process for women living in rural eastern Uganda. We assessed the impact of alternative consent models on participants' understanding of clinical trial information and their contribution to the informed consent process in rural Uganda. METHODS The study applied a parallel mixed-methods design for a prospective comparative cohort, nested within a pilot study on the community distribution of an alcohol-based hand rub to prevent neonatal sepsis (BabyGel pilot trial). Women of at least 34 weeks' pregnancy, suitable for inclusion in the BabyGel pilot trial, were recruited into this study from their homes in 13 villages in Mbale District. As part of the informed consent process, information about the trial was presented using one of three consent methods: standard researcher-read information, a slide show using illustrated text on a flip chart or a video showing the patient information being read as if by a newsreader in either English or the local language. In addition, all women received the patient information sheet in their preferred language. Each information-giving method was used in recruitment for 1 week. Two days after recruitment, women's understanding of the clinical trial was evaluated using the modified Quality of Informed Consent (QuIC) tool. They were also shown the other two methods and their preference assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Semi-structured interviews were administered to each participant. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and translated verbatim, and thematically analysed. RESULTS A total of 30 pregnant women in their homes participated in this study. Their recall of the trial information within the planned 48 h was assessed for the majority (90%, 27/30). For all three consent models, women demonstrated a high understanding of the study. There was no statistically significant difference between the slide-show message (mean 4.7; standard deviation, SD 0.47; range 4-5), video message (mean 4.9; SD 0.33; range 4-5) and standard method (mean 4.5; SD 0.53; range 4-5; all one-way ANOVA, p = 0.190). The slide-show message resulted in the most objective understanding of question items with the highest average QuIC score of 100 points. For women who had been recruited using any of the three models, the slide show was the most popular method, with a mean score for all items of not less than 4.2 (mean 4.8; SD 0.6; range 4-5). Most women (63%, 19/30) preferred the slide-show message, compared with 17% (5/30) and 20% (6/30) for the standard and video messages, respectively. The reasons given included the benefits of having pictures to aid understanding and the logical progression of the information. CONCLUSION Our results from this small study suggest that slide-show messages may be an effective and popular alternative way of presenting trial information to women in rural Uganda, many of whom have little or no literacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN67852437 . Registered on 18 March 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ditai
- Sanyu Africa Research Institute (SAfRI), Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Pallisa-Kumi Road Junction, P.o Box 2190, Mbale, Uganda. .,Sanyu Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Women's' Hospital, Crown Street, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.
| | - J Kanyago
- Sanyu Africa Research Institute (SAfRI), Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Pallisa-Kumi Road Junction, P.o Box 2190, Mbale, Uganda
| | - M R Nambozo
- Sanyu Africa Research Institute (SAfRI), Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Pallisa-Kumi Road Junction, P.o Box 2190, Mbale, Uganda
| | - N M Odeke
- Sanyu Africa Research Institute (SAfRI), Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Pallisa-Kumi Road Junction, P.o Box 2190, Mbale, Uganda
| | - J Abeso
- Sanyu Africa Research Institute (SAfRI), Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Pallisa-Kumi Road Junction, P.o Box 2190, Mbale, Uganda.,Department of Paediatrics, Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Mbale, Uganda
| | - J Dusabe-Richards
- Tropical Clinical Trials Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - P Olupot-Olupot
- Busitema University, Faculty of Health Sciences, PO Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
| | - E D Carrol
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - A Medina-Lara
- Health Economics Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M Gladstone
- Sanyu Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Women's' Hospital, Crown Street, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.,International Community Paediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Women's' Hospital, Crown Street, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK
| | | | - B Faragher
- Tropical Clinical Trials Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - A D Weeks
- Sanyu Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Women's' Hospital, Crown Street, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK
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Ssali A, Nunn A, Mbonye M, Anywaine Z, Seeley J. Reasons for participating in a randomised clinical trial: The volunteers' voices in the COSTOP trial in Uganda. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2017; 7:44-47. [PMID: 29696167 PMCID: PMC5898547 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The reasons why research participants join clinical trials remains an area of inquiry especially in low and middle income countries. Methods We conducted exit interviews with participants who took part in a trial which aimed to evaluate whether long term prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole can be safely discontinued among adults who have been stabilised on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Participants were all reported to be stable on ART and had been participating in the trial for between 12 and 36 months; at the end of the trial participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. One of the objectives of the exit interview was to find out what motivated the participants to join the research. Results Participants gave personal reasons for joining the trial, frequently linked to their health and well-being as well as reduction of pill burden. Conclusion We conclude that underlying reasons for joining clinical trials may extend beyond or can be different from the rationale given to the participants before enrolment by the research team. The reasons that motivate enrolment to clinical trials and research in general require further investigation in different settings. Trial registration number ISRCTN44723643.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ssali
- Medical Research Council/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda
- Corresponding author.
| | - Andrew Nunn
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College, London, UK
| | - Martin Mbonye
- Medical Research Council/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda
| | | | - Janet Seeley
- Medical Research Council/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
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