Developing and validating the nursing presence scale for hospitalized patients

The biosafety incident response competence scale for clinical nursing staff: a development and validation study

AIMS

This study was designed to develop a biosafety incident response competence scale and evaluate its validity and reliability among clinical nurses.

DESIGN

This study employed a sequential approach, comprising four phases: (1) the establishment of a multidimensional conceptual model, (2) the preliminary selection of the items, (3) further exploration and psychometric testing of the items, (4) the application of the scale among clinical nurses.

METHODS

The biosafety incident response competence conceptual model was developed through literature review and the Delphi method. A total of 1,712 clinical nurses participated in the preliminary items selection, while 1,027 clinical nurses were involved in the further psychometric testing from July 2023 to August 2023. The item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to evaluate the construct validity. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability, while validity analysis included content validity, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. From September to November 2023, we conducted a survey using the established scale with a total of 4338 valid questionnaires collected. T-test and variance analysis was employed to determine potential variations in biosafety incident response competence based on participants characteristics.

RESULTS

The final scale is composed of 4 factors and 29 items, including monitoring and warning abilities, nursing disposal abilities, biosafety knowledge preparedness, and infection protection abilities. The explanatory variance of the 4 factors was 75.100%. The Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.974, 0.945 and 0.840 respectively. The Scale-level content validity index was 0.866. The Average Variance Extracted of the 4 factors was larger than 0.5, the Construct Reliability was larger than 0.7, and the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio were less than 0.9. There were significant differences in the scores of response competence among nurses of different ages, working years, titles, positions, departments, marital status and participation in biosafety training (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The biosafety incident response competence scale for nurses exhibits satisfactory reliability and validity, making it a valuable tool for assessing clinical nurses' abilities in responding to biosafety incidents.

Development and reliability testing of a risk factor and risk outcome assessment scale for nurses in "internet + nursing services" for the elderly

BACKGROUND

China is experiencing an aging population, leading to a significant demand for "Internet + nursing services" tailored for elderly individuals. However, there are many risk problems in the process of nurse service, which hinder the development of the service, and a scale is needed to assess the risk problems faced by nurses in "Internet + nursing services" for the elderly.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to develop an assessment scale for risk factors and outcomes related to nurses' involvement in the "Internet + Nursing Service" for the elderly and to assess its reliability and validity.

METHODS

Based on literature analysis, focus group, the Delphi method, and a presurvey, we designed an initial scale. The initial scale comprised two sections: risk factors and risk outcomes for nurses. In January and February of 2023, nurses engaged in "Internet + nursing services" for the elderly in Shanxi Province were chosen through a convenience sampling technique for a questionnaire survey. Subsequently, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were employed to refine and develop a test version of the scale further. A follow-up questionnaire survey was carried out in March and April 2023 using a similar approach. The reliability and validity of the scale were assessed through confirmatory factor analysis, culminating in the formation of the final scale.

RESULTS

The initial survey yielded 244 valid responses. The cumulative variance contributions of the two segments from the exploratory factor analysis were 84.584% and 90.089%, respectively. A subsequent survey garnered 220 valid responses. The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated: χ2/df = 2.086, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.918, normative fit index (NLI) = 0.855, root mean square of residuals (RMR) = 0.045, and root mean square of error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.070. These results demonstrate good structural, convergent, and discriminant validity. The content validity index at the item level (I-CVI) ranged between 0.875 and 1.000, while the content validity index at the scale level (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.941. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire scale stood at 0.970. Moreover, the scale exhibited a split-half reliability of 0.876 and a retest reliability of 0.980 (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

The risk factors and risk outcomes associated with nurses involved in "Internet + nursing services" for elderly individuals, as developed in this study, demonstrate strong reliability and validity. They are well suited to the Chinese national context.

Risk factors associated with implant sites prepared by orthodontic treatment: a systematic review

The patient's health and quality of life would probably be improved with dental implant. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with dental implants place by orthodontic treatment. In this study, information on risk factors associated with implants of sites prepared, radiology stereotypes and hospitalized were obtined from databases such as Scopus, Google scholar and PubMed, and 58 articles were included for this purpose. After analyzing the articles, 24 articles were not accepted and 34 articles were accepted, then, 16 articles were miscarriage and 18 articles were scientific sources. The results showed that orthodontic treatment has a significant effect on a person's sense of beauty and would possibly increase self-confidence and quality of life. The stability of the implant in the healing phase depends on the quality and quantity of the bone. Also, the width of the bone is one of the important issues in creating a successful treatment. When an implant fails, problems and symptoms of failure usually occur within the first year after surgery. After one year, there is only about a 1% chance of failure, and on average only 1% of all implants fail each year.

Development and evaluation of a rehabilitation training compliance scale for patients with urinary incontinence

BACKGROUND

Urinary incontinence treatment includes conservative treatment, physical devices, medication, and surgery. Pelvic floor muscle training combined with bladder training is among the most effective, non-invasive, and economical ways to treat urinary incontinence, and compliance with training is essential in urinary incontinence treatment. Several instruments assess pelvic floor muscle training and bladder training. However, no tool has been found that assesses compliance with pelvic floor muscle training when combined with bladder training for urinary incontinence. This study aimed to develop a rehabilitation training compliance scale for patients with urinary incontinence and to evaluate its validity and reliability.

METHODS

This study was performed in two tertiary hospitals in Hainan, China between December 2020 and July 2021, 123 patients were included. A literature review, group discussions, and two rounds of letter consultations were performed to acquire the item pool and finalise the 12 items for this scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's α, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity were used to examine the items in the scale.

RESULTS

A 12-item scale comprising three factors accounted for 85.99% of the variance in the data. The Cronbach's α, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, and content validity index of the scale were 0.95, 0.89, 0.86, and 0.93, respectively. Comparison with the Chen pelvic floor muscle exercise self-efficacy scale showed high calibration correlation validity (coefficient = 0.89).

CONCLUSIONS

The training compliance scale developed in this study is a valid and reliable measurement tool to assess pelvic floor muscle training and bladder training compliance in patients with urinary incontinence.

Self-reported practices, competence and difficulties towards palliative care among nurses: A cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE

Nurses' palliative care practice ability is the key to evaluating the quality of palliative care. This study aimed to identify the current situation of palliative care practices, competence and difficulties among nurses and determine whether difficulties play a mediating role between practices and competence.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted. The online survey comprised demographics, the Palliative Care Self-Reported Practices Scale, the Palliative Care Nursing Self-competence Scale and the Palliative Care Difficulties Scale. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, linear regression and mediation analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 284 questionnaires were included for statistical analysis. The mean scores for practices, competence and difficulties were 67.81 (SD = 13.60), 124.28 (41.21) and 44.32 (12.68), respectively. There was a correlation between practices, competence and difficulties (p < 0.01). Competence and difficulties were independent predictors of practices (R² _adj  = 0.384, p < 0.001). Furthermore, difficulties mediated the relationship between practices and competence (b = 0.052, 95% confidence interval: 0.008-0.155).

CONCLUSIONS

Continuous efforts should be made to enhance nurses' practices, competence and problem-solving abilities in palliative care. This study suggested further targeted education programmes, especially in special symptom management, interagency and multidisciplinary communication.