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Mo R, Hu S. Retracted: Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the mobile Agnew Relationship Measure (mARM-C). Int J Med Inform 2024; 189:105482. [PMID: 38878406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and the authors. The authors requested post acceptance two new names to be added to the authorship of the article. However, the authors were not able to provide a satisfactory explanation for the requested authorship change and demanded the retraction of the article. Consequently, the Editor no longer has confidence in this article and decided to retract it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, China.
| | - Shihong Hu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, China
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Lv Q, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xu X, Zang X. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the caregiver self-efficacy in contributing to patient self-care scale in China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1977. [PMID: 39049013 PMCID: PMC11267960 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregiver self-efficacy is crucial in improving patient outcomes and caregiver well-being, but there is a lack of suitable scales to assess this concept within the context of Chinese culture. This study aimed to cross-culturally translate the Caregiver Self-Efficacy in Contributing to Patient Self-Care (CSE-CSC) Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties using classical test theory and item response theory. METHODS The CSE-CSC scale was adapted using Brislin's translation model after obtaining authorization from the original author. A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of this scale. Classical test theory was used to evaluate reliability (internal consistency, test-retest reliability), validity (content validity, structural validity, convergent validity), and floor and ceiling effects. Item response theory was employed to assess the fit of the rating scale model, reliability, item difficulties, and measurement invariance. RESULTS The translation and cultural adaptation process was completed. Classical test theory demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.935) and test-retest reliability (ICC from 0.784 to 0.829, p<0.001). The I-CVI and K* of each item ranged from 0.875 to 1.00 and 0.871 to 1.00. The first-order 2-factor model fit well (χ2/df = 3.71, RMSEA = 0.082, SRMR = 0.032, CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.60). Convergent validity showed that the CSE-CSC scores had a strong positive correlation with three separate scales of the CC-SC-CII. There was no floor and ceiling effect in this scale. Rasch analysis showed that the CSE-CSC scale demonstrated a good fit to the rating scale model and exhibited excellent reliability (person/item separation index>2, person/item reliability coefficients>0.8). The Wright map showed that item difficulty matched the respondents' measured abilities. The analysis of differential item functioning (DIF) showed that all items were comparable in gender. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the CSE-CSC scale had good reliability, validity, difficulty degree, and measurement invariance. The CSE-CSC scale can be used to measure caregiver self-efficacy of Chinese patients with multiple chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Lv
- Tianjin Med Univ, Sch Nursing, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Tianjin Med Univ, Sch Nursing, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Tianjin Med Univ, Sch Nursing, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Xu
- Tianjin Med Univ, Sch Nursing, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zang
- Tianjin Med Univ, Sch Nursing, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, P. R. China.
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Mashayekh-Amiri S, Jafarabadi MA, Hosseinzadeh M, Kanani ES, Mirghafourvand M. Measurement properties of the Iranian version of the breast cancer perception scale (BCPS) according to the COSMIN checklist. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:743. [PMID: 38890612 PMCID: PMC11186127 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a prevalent cancer characterized by its aggressive nature and potential to cause mortality among women. The rising mortality rates and women's inadequate perception of the disease's severity in developing countries highlight the importance of screening using conventional methods and reliable scales. Since the validity and reliability of the breast cancer perception scale (BCPS) have not been established in the Iranian context. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the measurement properties of the BCPS in women residing in Tabriz, Iran. METHODS The present study comprised a cross-sectional design, encompassing a sample of 372 Iranian women. The participants were selected through a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique conducted over a period spanning from November 2022 to February 2023. The measurement properties of the Iranian version of BCPS were assessed following the guidelines outlined in the COSMIN checklist. This involved conducting various steps, including the translation process, reliability testing (internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement error), and methodological tests for validity (content validity, face validity, construct validity, and hypothesis testing). The study also investigated the factors of responsiveness and interpretability. The presence of floor and ceiling effects was assessed. RESULTS The internal consistency of the scale was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, yielding a satisfactory value of 0.68. Additionally, McDonald's omega (95% CI) was computed, resulting in a value of 0.70 (0.66 to 0.74). Furthermore, the test-retest reliability was evaluated, revealing a high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94 to 0.99). The CVI, CVR, and impact scores of the BCPS were determined to be 0.98, 0.95, and 3.70, respectively, indicating favorable levels of content and face validity. To assess construct validity, an examination of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on a set of 24 items. This analysis revealed the presence of six distinct factors, which collectively accounted for 52% of the cumulative variance. The fit indices of the validity model (CFI = 0.91, NFI = 0.96, RFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.90, χ2/df = 2.03, RMSEA = 0.055 and SRMR = 0.055) were confirmed during the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The overall score of BCPS exhibited a ceiling effect of 0.3%. The floor effect observed in the overall score (BCPS) was found to be 0.5%. Concerning the validation of the hypothesis, Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.55 was obtained between the BCPS and the QLICP-BR V2.0. This correlation value signifies a statistically significant association. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the minimum important change (MIC) of 3.92 exhibited a higher value compared to the smallest detectable change (SDC) of 3.70, thus suggesting a satisfactory level of response. CONCLUSIONS The obtained findings suggest that the Iranian version of the BCPS demonstrates satisfactory psychometric properties for assessing the perception of breast cancer among Iranian women. Furthermore, it exhibits favorable responsiveness to clinical variations. Consequently, it can serve as a screening instrument for healthcare professionals to comprehend breast cancer and as a reliable tool in research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mashayekh-Amiri
- Students Research Committee, Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3144, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, VIC 3800, Melbourne, Australia
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Seyed Kanani
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Medical Philosophy and History Reseach Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Yang Z, Hu N, Zhang F, Gao Y, Zhang C, Wang A. A Practical Tool for Measuring Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Self-Management Behavior: A Multiphase Cross-Sectional Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034486. [PMID: 38639372 PMCID: PMC11179869 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal self-management is the key to home-based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with heart disease. At present, there is a lack of a specific assessment tool to evaluate the home-based cardiac rehabilitation self-management behavior in patients with heart disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop the Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Self-Management Scale and validate its psychometric properties among patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS A multiphase cross-sectional study was conducted that study covered 3 phases: (1) item generation and revision, (2) item evaluation and preliminary exploration, and (3) assessment of the psychometric properties of the scale. A scale with 21 items was developed to measure the home-based cardiac rehabilitation self-management behavior. The content validity index of the scale was 0.980. In exploratory factor analysis, the 5-factor structure supported by eigenvalues and screen plot explained 74.326% of the total variation. In confirmatory factor analysis, all fitting indicators were acceptable, further supporting the construct validity of the scale. The criterion validity of the scale was 0.783. In the reliability analysis, the Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.882, with a dimensionality range of 0.780 to 0.936. The split-half reliability coefficient and test-retest reliability coefficient were 0.774 and 0.770, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to develop and validate a practical tool. This scale can comprehensively and accurately assess the self-management behavior of patients with heart disease in a home-based cardiac rehabilitation environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Na Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Fengpei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Yu Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Chunqi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Aiping Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
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Cao Y, Yuan J, Luo L. The physical activity and social support scale: a translation and psychometric validation study in a Chinese college student sample. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1252561. [PMID: 38646128 PMCID: PMC11027197 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1252561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Physical Activity Social Support Scale (PASSS-C) and its measurement invariance across different gender groups in a Chinese college student sample. Methods A total of 1,689 Chinese college students participated in the study. We assessed the internal consistency of PASSS-C using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to test its five-factor model. Multi-group CFA was used to examine measurement equivalence between male and female groups. Convergent and criterion-related validity were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results The overall internal consistency of PASSS-C was good with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.952, and the subscales showed acceptable consistency. The CFA results supported the five-factor structure of PASSS-C in the college student sample, with values of CFI = 0.932, TLI = 0.917, RMSEA = 0.048, 90% CI [0.043 0.053], SRMR = 0.047. Scalar invariance was also supported across different gender groups, with ΔCFI = -0.003, ΔTLI = 0, ΔRMSEA = 0. PASSS-C demonstrated good convergent and criterion-related validity. Conclusion PASSS-C exhibits satisfactory psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the perceived level of social support for physical activity among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Cao
- School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Vocational College of Sports, Guiyang, China
| | - Junfeng Yuan
- School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Yang Z, Jia H, Zhang F, Huang H, Hao X, Wang A. A behavioural driving model of adherence to home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise among patients with chronic heart failure: A mixed-methods study. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:531-542. [PMID: 37881110 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a behavioural driving model for adherence to home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise in patients with chronic heart failure, and to explain the potential driving mechanism of social support on exercise adherence. BACKGROUND Despite the benefits of home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise, adherence among patients with chronic heart failure remains suboptimal. Several factors contributing to adherence have been confirmed; however, the specific pathway mechanisms by which these factors impact exercise adherence have not been thoroughly explored. DESIGN An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study was conducted in this study. METHODS A total of 226 patients with chronic heart failure were recruited using convenience sampling. Quantitative data were collected using a series of self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to verify multiple pathways. Subsequently, 12 patients with chronic heart failure were drawn from the quantitative stage. The interview data were thematically analysed. This study followed the Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) guidelines (Appendix S1). RESULTS Perceived social support had a direct positive predictive effect on exercise adherence. Importantly, exercise self-efficacy and exercise fear played a chain-mediating role between perceived social support and exercise adherence. As a result of the qualitative phase, scale, tightness and homogeneity of social support networks emerged as potential drivers of the effectiveness of social support on exercise adherence. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a potential pathway mechanism for social support to improve adherence to home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercises. Social support network plays a crucial role in the effect of social support on exercise adherence. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE To enhance exercise adherence in home-based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with chronic heart failure, establishing a social support network is recommended. This strategy has the potential to promote exercise self-efficacy and alleviate exercise fear. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Public Service, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Honghong Jia
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengpei Zhang
- Department of Public Service, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Public Service, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyi Hao
- Department of Public Service, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Department of Public Service, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Song W, Mansor NS, Shari NI, Zhang R, Abdullah MFILB. Psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire among cancer patients in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:173. [PMID: 38218795 PMCID: PMC10787442 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Illness Cognition Questionnaire (ICQ) was translated from its original English version to the Malay version for this research, adapted the Malay language version of the ICQ (ICQ-M) for use in cancer patients, and assessed the internal consistency, content, face, construct, convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity of the ICQ-M among a cohort of cancer patients with mixed cancer types in Malaysia. METHOD Initially, the ICQ was translated into Malay and back-translated, and its content and face validity were evaluated. Then, 346 cancer patients with various cancer types received the ICQ-M, and its internal consistency, convergent, discriminant, construct, and concurrent validity were evaluated. RESULTS The ICQ-M and its domains had acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach's α ranging from 0.742 to 0.927. Construct validity assessment demonstrated that the ICQ-M consists of 17 items designated in two domains with good convergent and discriminant validity. The ICQ-M and its domains also had moderate correlations with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, which denotes that the ICQ-M had acceptable concurrent validity. CONCLUSION The ICQ-M had good psychometric properties and is now available to measure the illness cognition of cancer patients in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, 13200, Malaysia
| | - Nor Shuhada Mansor
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, 13200, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Izzah Shari
- School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (FSSH), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Z, Jia H, Wang A. Predictors of home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise adherence among patients with chronic heart failure: a theory-driven cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:415. [PMID: 37926820 PMCID: PMC10626687 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The factors influencing home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise adherence among patients with chronic heart failure remain unclear. This study aimed to explore predictors of home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise adherence in these patients, based on the theory of planned behavior. METHODS This theory-driven, cross-sectional study used convenience sampling to recruit patients with chronic heart failure undergoing home-based cardiac rehabilitation. Instruments used included the Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Adherence Scale, the Multidimensional Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart. Multivariate linear hierarchical regression analysis was employed to examine the factors influencing exercise adherence. RESULTS A total of 215 patients with chronic heart failure undergoing home-based cardiac rehabilitation participated in the study. The overall score for home cardiac rehabilitation exercise adherence was (48.73 ± 3.92). Multivariate linear hierarchical regression analysis revealed that age (β=-0.087, p = 0.012), education level (β = 0.080, p = 0.020), fear of movement (β=-0.254, p < 0.001), perceived social support (β = 0.451, p < 0.001), and exercise self-efficacy (β = 0.289, p < 0.001) influenced home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise adherence. In the second model, fear of exercise explained 23.60% of the total variance, while perceived social support and exercise self-efficacy explained 26.60% of the total variance in the third model. CONCLUSION This study found that home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise adherence in patients with chronic heart failure was suboptimal, and identified its influencing factors. Targeted interventions addressing these factors, such as tailored education, support, and addressing fear of exercise, may help improve exercise adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Honghong Jia
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Ramezanzade Tabriz E, Ramezani M, Heydari A, Aledavood SA, Jamali J. Development and psychometric properties of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Scale in Colorectal Cancer Survivors (HPLS-CRCS): a mixed-method study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:931. [PMID: 37789256 PMCID: PMC10546727 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting a health-promoting lifestyle in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors is of paramount importance to manage disease complications, prevent their recurrence, and enhance survival; however, no specialized tool has yet been provided to measure the lifestyle of these patients. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop and determine the psychometric properties of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Scale in CRC Survivors (HPLS-CRCS). METHODS This study was a mixed study with an exploratory sequential design in two phases. Concept analysis was performed in the first phase according to Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's (2000) hybrid model to explain the concept, identify dimensions, and generate items. In the second phase, psychometrics including validity (face, content, and construct) and reliability (internal consistency and stability) were determined. Responsiveness, interpretability, ease of use, item weighting, and scale scoring were also determined. RESULTS After explaining the concept, an initial scale encompassing 211 items was developed, content and item analyses were conducted, and the items decreased to 89 items after the face validity assessment. For construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with a sample size of 500 survivors, and convergent validity was performed for the Persian version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II). Accordingly, 80 items were classified into six factors: activity and rest, spiritual growth, health responsibility, nutrition, interpersonal relationships, and psychological management, with RMSEA = 0.055, χ2/df = 2.484, and χ2 = 6816.516. The reliability of the scale was confirmed, Cronbach's alpha was between 0.865 and 0.928, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurement (SEM), the minimal important change (MIC), and the smallest detectable change (SDC) were 0.896, 3.36, 13.86, and 19.87, respectively. CONCLUSION The HPLS-CRCS consists of 80 items in six dimensions and is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating the health-promoting lifestyle in CRC survivors. Using this scale to evaluate the healthy lifestyle in these survivors can lead healthcare providers to detect deficiencies and plan the lifestyle of CRC survivors during the post-treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Ramezanzade Tabriz
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monir Ramezani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ebne Sina St, PO Box 9137913199, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Abbas Heydari
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Jamshid Jamali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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