Patient satisfaction with peri-operative anesthesia care and associated factors at two National Referral Hospitals: a cross sectional study in Eritrea

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of non-emergency surgical patients toward anesthesia

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of non-emergency surgical patients toward anesthesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted between May and October 2023 at Zibo Central Hospital among non-emergency surgical patients. A total of 429 valid questionnaires were enrolled (mean age: 42.81 ± 13.17 years old; 227 (52.91%) females). The mean KAP scores were 7.79 ± 3.95 (possible range: 0-18), 32.35 ± 2.80 (possible range: 8-40), and 18.14 ± 3.96 (possible range: 6-24), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge (OR = 1.095, 95% CI 1.036-1.158, P = 0.001) and previous poor anesthesia experience (OR = 0.081, 95% CI 0.017-0.386, P = 0.002) were independently associated with practice. Non-emergency surgical patients had inadequate knowledge, positive attitude, and proactive practice towards anesthesia. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to implement targeted educational interventions to inform patients about the anesthesia process, potential risks, and benefits.

Patient satisfaction with nursing care in an Intensive Care Unit measured through the Nursing Intensive-Care Satisfaction Scale (NICSS)

BACKGROUND

Patient satisfaction in relation with nursing care has become a key determinant of the quality of hospital care.

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate patient satisfaction in relation with nursing care in a critical care context; to determine the correlation between critical patient satisfaction and sociodemographic and clinical variables and to describe patient perceptions with nursing care.

METHODS

A descriptive, prospective, correlational study which includes the analysis of some open questions in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary level university hospital. The degree of satisfaction of all patients discharged from de ICU was evaluated. It was used the validated Spanish version of Nursing Intensive-Care Satisfaction-Scale (NICSS). There were also collected sociodemographic and clinical data and 3 open questions were asked. It was used the inferential and descriptive statistics considering statistically significant p<.05. Open questions were examined using a language context analysis. The approval of the hospital ethical committee was obtained.

RESULTS

111 patients agreed to participate, with a mean age of 64.18 years (CI 95% 61.36-66.88) and with a medium level of satisfaction of 5.83 (CI 95% 5.78-5.88) being 6 the maximum score. Women, older patients and those who reflect a higher degree of recovery, are those who reported greater satisfaction. Three main themes emerged from the analysis of the open-ended questions of the surveys: nurse patient relationship, professional practice environment and ICU nature.

CONCLUSION

Patient satisfaction in relation with nursing care was elevated. Age, sex and degree of recovery significantly influenced their perception. Nurse patient relationship and the professional practice environment were aspects highlighted by patients. The professional model incorporated by the institution may encouraged these results.

Comparing quality of recovery and satisfaction between spinal anesthesia and nerve block in orthopedic below-knee surgery: A prospective controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Postoperative quality of recovery (QoR) and patient satisfaction have gained increasing significance in medical services. This study aimed to compare these 2 parameters between 2 types of regional anesthetics (spinal anesthesia and combined sciatic-femoral nerve block) in orthopedic lower knee surgery.

METHODS

A total of 101 patients were classified into 2 groups (combined sciatic-femoral nerve block, group N; spinal anesthesia, group S) according to patient preference. In group N, sciatic and femoral nerve blocks were performed on the popliteal and groin regions, respectively, under ultrasound guidance. Spinal anesthesia was performed in group S. The primary outcomes were QoR and patient satisfaction. QoR was measured using the Korean translation of the QoR-15K. Patient satisfaction was assessed using an 11-point Likert scale (0-10) and a dichotomous question addressing anesthesia preferences for future surgeries.

RESULTS

The physical independence of the postoperative QoR-15K was significantly higher in group N than in group S (14.2 vs 12.0, P = .04). On the 11-point Likert scale, group N scored 8.8, and group S scored 7.8 (P = .001). In the dichotomous question, 93.8% of the group N and 52.8% of the group S answered that they would like to choose the same anesthesia method for the next surgery (P < .001). In addition, fewer participants in group N complained of backache than those in group S, and the time to first urination after anesthesia was shorter in group N than in group S (P = .004, <.001, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Combined sciatic-femoral nerve block may provide better physical independence and satisfaction than spinal anesthesia in orthopedic below-knee surgeries.

Quality of care perceived by patients during cystoscopy and affecting factors

It is necessary and important for quality of care to ensure the comfort of patients during the procedure, as well as before and after surgery. According to literature, it is necessary to know what patients experience and how they perceive the care they receive. This study aimed to investigate the quality of care perceived by patients during cystoscopy and the factors affecting it. This descriptive study was conducted in the surgical clinic of a teaching and research hospital, with 105 patients who underwent cystoscopy in 2022. Data collection forms consisting of a Sociodemographic and Disease Characteristics Questionnaire and the Good Perioperative Nursing Care Scale (for Patients) (GPNCS) were used for data collection, with face-to-face interviews on the first day after the procedure. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study included patients with urinary tract stones, transurethral prostatectomy, and transurethral bladder resection. Of the participants, 72.4% were male, and 81.9% were married. The mean age of the patients was 50.09 ± 16.79 years. The mean total score was 143.56 ± 16.62. It was higher in single patients and those who had not previously undergone surgery. It was found that the mean of the environment sub-dimension was the highest at 18.57 ± 2.51 and the mean of the support sub-dimension was the lowest at 16.01 ± 3.44. The results of this study showed that patients undergoing cystoscopy have a good perception of the quality of their peri-operative nursing care.

Patient satisfaction and associated factors towards surgical service among patients undergoing surgery at referral hospitals in western Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Background

Patient satisfaction is a growing concern in all aspects of healthcare. Assessing patient satisfaction has paramount importance for measuring the level of care provided by a health system. The present study aimed to measure the levels of satisfaction among patients undergoing invasive surgery in the referral hospitals of the Western Amhara Regional State.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was employed. The data were collected from 422 study participants from February 6 to April 6, 2020. The participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Interviewer administered questionnaire and chart review were used for data collection. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the association between independent variables and patient satisfaction. Level of significance was considered at p value less than 0.05 with 95% confidence level.

Result

Of the total participants, 290 (68.7%, 95% CI: 64.5-73.5) were found to be satisfied with surgical service. Factors such as age >58 years [AOR = 3.80, 95% CI (1.53-9.46)], 47-58 years [AOR = 2.47, 95%CI (1.07-5.71)], those with no formal education [AOR = 2.73, 95% CI (1.18-6.32)], primary school education [AOR = 3.89, 95%CI (1.65-9.17)] and secondary school education [AOR = 3.37, 95%CI (1.38-8.23)], no history of previous surgical admission [AOR = 2.09, 95%CI (1.07-4.08)], length of stay in the hospital <7 days [AOR = 2.13,95%CI(1.21-3.75)] and elective admission for surgery [AOR = 1.75, 95%CI (1.03-2.99)] were significantly associated with patient satisfaction towards surgical service.

Conclusion

The proportion of patient satisfaction towards surgical service was found to be low. Factors including age, educational status, history of previous surgical admission, length of stay in the hospital and elective admission for surgery were associated with patient satisfaction. This suggests that healthcare organizations should focus on providing patients with respectful and compassionate patient care approach while paying close attention to how patients are treated.Moreover, in order to provide patient-focused care, health care providers should strengthen their usage of patient characteristics including age, educational level, and type of surgery while developing patient focused care plan.

Patient Satisfaction and Its Predictors With Perioperative Anesthesia Care at Two General Hospitals in Southwestern Saudi Arabia

Introduction  Patient satisfaction is one of the most crucial quality assessment and improvement indicators in anesthesia. Different factors reflect satisfaction such as postoperative pain, procedure duration, patient-physician relationship, inpatient services, and waiting time. A high level of satisfaction can lead to better outcomes in many ways, such as decreasing future surgeries fear and strengthening the healthcare system trust among the population. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction level and its predictors with perioperative anesthesia care among patients subjected to different surgeries in two general hospitals in southwestern Saudi Arabia. Methodology  A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to different surgical specialties at two general hospitals in Al-Qunfudhah governorate in October 2022. Data were collected through interviews with postoperative patients and checking their medical data from the patient's medical reports. However, all surgical patients aged more than 18 consider as inclusion. In contrast, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, local anesthesia, refusal to participate, and cognitive and communication impairment are the exclusion. Perioperative patient satisfaction was assessed using the Leiden Perioperative Care Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (LPPSq). Results Eighty-three of 201 patients were included in the final analysis. The overall level of patient satisfaction concerning perioperative anesthetic care was calculated to be 73.5%. Hospital setting, admission type, BMI, and smoking were statistically associated with perioperative anesthesia patient satisfaction. Additionally, the most frequently reported unpleasant anesthetic side effect was shivering, followed by postoperative pain at a frequency of 42 (50.6%) and 37 (44.6%), respectively. Conclusion A moderate level of patient satisfaction concerning perioperative anesthetic care was detected. Smoking, BMI, admission type, and hospital setting were significantly associated predictors for patients' satisfaction. In order to present a complete picture, we recommend that future research concentrate on additional elements of patient satisfaction, particularly operating room turnover and standards for discharge. Additionally, we propose a routine evaluation before patients' discharge when patients are altering and oriented. Periodic evaluation and enhancement of patient satisfaction with perioperative anesthetic care should be employed and promoted.

Patient satisfaction with surgical informed consent at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia

Background

Informed consent is a process in which a healthcare provider obtains permission from an individual prior to surgery. Patient satisfaction with the informed consent process is one of the main indicators of healthcare service quality. This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction with surgical informed consent at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia, in 2020.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to June 30, 2020, at Jimma Medical Center. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using structured questionnaires. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The collected data were coded, entered into Epi data version 3.1, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the association between patient satisfaction and socio-demographic and facility-related factors. In multivariate regression, predictors with a P-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Totally 372 study participants were interviewed with a response rate of 97.8%. Nearly two-fifths (43%) of patients were satisfied with surgical informed consent. Living in an urban area (AOR: 2.279, 95% CI 1.257–4.131), having current referred history (AOR: 1.856, 95% CI 1.033–3.337), consent form version (AOR: 2.076, 95% CI 1.143–3.773), time spent on the provision of informed consent (AOR: 5.227, 95% CI 2.499–10.936) and having better patient-health providers relationship (AOR: 5.419, 95% CI 3.103–9.464) predictors were positively associated with patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

Patient satisfaction with the surgical informed consent process was relatively low. Therefore, Health care professionals need to emphasize a way of delivering informed consent, patients' needs and obey a standard informed consent to improve patient satisfaction.

Factors affecting perioperative patient satisfaction with regional anesthesia: A patient-centered survey study

Objective: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics that affect patient satisfaction with regional anesthesia. Methods: This study was conducted at Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Hospital between June-July 2019. The patients were included on a voluntary basis and all had undergone obstetrics, urology, orthopedics, or general surgery, and met the following inclusion criteria: (1) age >18 years, (2) received regional anesthesia, (3) ASA-PS score of ≤ 3, and (4) no cognitive problem that would prevent self-expression. A Personal Information Form and the Evaluation of the Experience of Regional Anesthesia Questionnaire were applied to 402 patients at 48 hours after surgery performed under regional anesthesia in a university hospital in Turkey. Results: The EVAN-LR total scores were 71.2±15.6 in obstetrics patients, followed by 54.9±24.9 in orthopedic patients, 26.6±24.4 in urology patients and 15.9±7.2 in general surgery patients (p

Patient satisfaction and its associated factors towards perioperative anesthesia service among surgical patients: A cross-sectional study

Background

Patient satisfaction with perioperative anesthesia services is not well established in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess surgical patients' satisfaction with perioperative anesthesia service and its associated factors.

Method

A cross-sectional study design was conducted in patients who underwent surgeries at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, in North Central Ethiopia. Data were collected by Leiden perioperative care patient satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq) within 24 h postoperatively, after translating to the local language (Amharic). Bivariable and multivariable logistic analyses were done to identify factors associated with satisfaction with perioperative anesthesia service care. Statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05 with 95% CI.

Results

Analysis was done on 387 patients with a response rate of 94.8%. The overall mean satisfaction of patients with perioperative anesthesia care was 62.62% and about 53.7% [95% CI= (48.6-58.4)] of patients were satisfied with perioperative anesthesia service. The mean satisfaction of perioperative anesthesia service in the patient-staff relationship domain was 61.44%; in the information provision domain was 60.32%, and in the fear and concern domain was 72.06%.

Conclusion

There was a moderate level of satisfaction in patients with perioperative anesthesia service. Among the subscales of LPPSq, the lowest satisfaction score was in the information provision and the highest satisfaction score was in the fear and concern domain.

Development and validation of Daycare Anesthesia Satisfaction (DAS) questionnaire to assess patient's satisfaction with daycare anesthesia

Background and Aims

The patient's satisfaction can be considered as a unique indicator of the quality of healthcare provided. The advantages of patient satisfaction surveys rely heavily on using standardized, psychometrically tested data collection approaches. There is a lack of a proper, psychometrically robust instrument to evaluate the patient's perioperative satisfaction following all types of anesthesia in daycare facility. Hence, this study aimed to develop a Daycare Anesthesia Satisfaction (DAS) questionnaire to measure the patient's satisfaction with the experience of daycare anesthesia services.

Material and Methods

A preliminary pool of questions was generated from research literature, expert consultations, and pilot tested on patients. The internal consistency and reliability of the preliminary questionnaire was evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and feasibility with the formation of a final 27-item questionnaire. In the next step, the questionnaire was distributed to a larger group of patients in the phase 2 of postanesthesia care unit (PACU). The results were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis to determine the goodness of fit of the questions under each domain.

Results

The internal consistency of the preliminary questionnaire as measured by Cronbach's alpha was 0.929. Intraclass correlation coefficient measured for test-retest reliability was 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]). Feasibility was confirmed, as 75% of the patients could fill the questionnaire within 15 min. In the second step of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), questionnaire has been shown to have goodness of fit with Bentler's comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.99 that is greater than the suggested cutoff of 0.90. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.09 is also close to the suggested cutoff of 0.06.

Conclusion

This systematically developed and validated, 27-item DAS questionnaire can be tentatively recommended to be used to measure patient's satisfaction with day care anesthesia services following all types of surgical procedures, under various types of anesthesia.

Parental Satisfaction and Associated Factors Toward Their Child's Anesthesia Service at a Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital in Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND

Parental satisfaction is a key measure of the quality of a child's anesthetic care. Understanding of parents' opinions and satisfaction about their child's anesthesia service in the hospital is vital for hospital funding and parent experience.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of parental satisfaction with their child's anesthetic care and the factors that contributed to that satisfaction.

METHODS

An institution-based cross-sectional study was undertaken between March and June 2021. A structured questionnaire with the background characteristics of parents and children was used to collect data. A total of 238 parents were included in the study. To find parameters linked to parental satisfaction with their child's anesthetic service, bi-variable, and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were used. Crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant in multivariable analysis.

RESULT

The proportion of parental satisfaction toward their child's anesthesia service was 77.7% (95% CI: 72.3, 82.4%). Non-anxious, male, employed, and urban resident parents and parents of pre-medicated children were associated with high satisfaction scores.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Overall, parents' satisfaction with their child's anesthesia service was promising. Parents who were non-anxious, male, employed, and lived in an urban area and whose child had received sedative premedication had high rates of parental satisfaction with their child's anesthetic care.Parents from rural areas, as well as worried and female parents, should receive extra care. Preoperative anxiety is reduced when parents are given enough and understandable information. Thus, the provision of comprehensive information on their child's anesthesia care process and psychological or emotional support to parents are necessary to boost their satisfaction.

Patient satisfaction in ambulatory anesthesia assessed by the Heidelberg Peri-anaesthetic Questionnaire: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Service quality in anesthesiology has been frequently measured by morbidity and mortality. This measure increasingly considers patient satisfaction, which is the result of care from the client's perspective. Therefore, anesthesiologists must be able to build relationships with patients, provide understandable information and involve them in decisions about their anesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate the peri-anesthetic care provided by the anesthesia service in an ambulatory surgery unit using the Heidelberg Peri-anaesthetic Questionnaire.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study used the Heidelberg Peri-anaesthetic Questionnaire to evaluate 1211 patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. We selected questions that showed a greater degree of dissatisfaction and correlated them with patient characterization data (age, sex, education, and ASA physical status), anesthesia data (type, time, and prior experience), and surgical specialty.

RESULTS

Questions in which patients tended to show dissatisfaction involved fear of anesthesia and surgery, feeling cold, the urgent need to urinate, pain at the surgical site, and the team's level of concern and speed of response in relieving the patient's pain.

CONCLUSION

The Heidelberg Peri-anaesthetic Questionnaire proved to be a useful tool in identifying points of dissatisfaction, mainly fear of anesthesia and surgery, feeling cold, the urgent need to urinate, pain at the surgical site, and the team's level of concern and speed of response in relieving the patient's pain in the population studied. These were correlated with patient, anesthesia, and surgical variables. This allows the establishment of priorities at the different points of care, with the ultimate goal of improving patient satisfaction regarding anesthesia care.

Patient Satisfaction Survey on Perioperative Anesthesia Service in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

Background

Patient satisfaction is a crucial component in determining the quality of healthcare in anesthesia services. This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction and associated factors on perioperative anesthesia services.

Methods

Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 16 to June 22, 2021, at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14.1. The strength of the association was presented using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval, and a p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results

A total of 398 patients were included in this study with a response rate of 98%. The overall proportion of patients who were satisfied with perioperative anesthesia service was 74% (95% CI: 69–78). Patients who received regional anesthesia were 2.8 times satisfied than those who received general anesthesia (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.42–5.36). Patients who obtained adequate information was 3.14 times (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.71–5.74) satisfied than that of the counterpart. Adults who did not feel pain during induction of anesthesia were 2.7 times (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.43–5.08) satisfied than an adult who felt pain during induction of anesthesia. Conclusion and Recommendations. The overall patients' satisfaction on perioperative anesthesia service was 74%. Patients who underwent operation with regional anesthesia, obtained adequate information about anesthesia, visited by anesthetists after operations, did not have nausea/vomiting, did not feel pain during induction, and patients who did not feel pain immediately after operation were satisfied than the counterparts. We recommended that the anesthetists must give attention to reduce the factors that decrease the satisfaction level of the surgical patients.

Patient Satisfaction Determinants of Inpatient Healthcare

The aim of the study was to analyse and evaluate the determinants influencing the overall satisfaction of patients with inpatient healthcare in the conditions of the Czech Republic. A total of the 1425 patients, who experienced hospitalisation and agreed to participate, were questioned in the study. A research questionnaire was used to obtain data on satisfaction with hospitalisation. The subject of the research consisted of the indicators related to the following factors: (i) satisfaction with the hospital, clinic, room and meals; (ii) satisfaction with medical staff-nurses, physician expertise and other staff; (iii) the quality of the treatment provided; (iv) satisfaction with leaving the hospital. The formulated statistical hypotheses were evaluated through structural equation modelling. The results of the analyses brought interesting findings. Satisfaction with medical staff is the most significant factor which has a positive effect on satisfaction with hospitalisation. Physician expertise (with trust and good communication skills) is more important for patients than satisfaction with nurses or other staff. The results obtained from the study represent valuable information for policymakers, regional healthcare plans, as well as for managers of hospitals.

Utilization of non-pharmacological methods and the perceived barriers for adult postoperative pain management by the nurses at selected National Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea

Background

Pharmacological methods are widely used for postoperative pain management however, poorly controlled pain continues to pose a significant challenge. Non pharmacological methods could contribute to the unresolved postoperative pain management in assisting nurses’ routine care and reducing the need for medication. This study aimed to assess nurses’ utilization of non-pharmacological methods in postoperative pain and the perceived barriers for their implementation at the National Hospitals.

Methods

This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among 154 nurses working at the National Referral Hospitals and Sembel Private Hospital. A standardized five-point Likert-scale questionnaire which assesses nurses’ utilization of selected non-pharmacological methods and the perceived barriers for the implementation was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics for the demographic data, independent samples t-test, one way ANOVA and factorial ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results

The study found out that emotional support (45.5%), helping with daily activities (67.5%) and creating a comfortable environment (61%) were mostly used while, cognitive-behavioral (5.9%) and physical methods (5.8%) were hardly used. The results also showed that, characteristics such as, age (p = 0.013), level of education (p = 0.012), work experience (p = 0.001) and place of work (p = 0.001), were significantly related to the use of non-pharmacological methods at bivariate level. However, hospitals were the only determinants of the non-pharmacological methods at multivariable level with a statistical significance of (p < 0.001). On the perceived barriers; heavy work load (87.7%), shortage of time (84.4%), limited resources (82.5%), deficit in the guidelines for pain management (77.3%), patient’s uncooperative behavior (57.1%), language difference (64.4%), nurse’s lack of knowledge (50%) and experience (40.3%) were identified.

Conclusion

The use of non-pharmacological methods in the studied hospitals varied greatly due to knowledge and experience of the nurses. Therefore, it is recommended that exposure and training for all health care providers at all level is a paramount importance in order to appreciate the benefits of non-pharmacological methods applicable to postoperative pain management. This could be achieved through on job training, seminars, scientific conferences and other brainstorming forums.

Supplementary information

Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12912-020-00492-0.

Undesirable Postoperative Anesthesia Outcomes at Two National Referral Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eritrea

Background

Postoperative undesirable anesthesia outcomes are common among patients undergoing surgery. They may affect body systems and lead into more serious postoperative problems. This research is conducted in the Eritrean National Referral Hospitals with the aim of assessing the prevalence of undesirable anesthesia outcomes during the postoperative period.

Method

A cross-sectional study design was applied on 470 patients who underwent different types of surgeries within a three-month period. Patients were interviewed 24 hours after operation (POD 1) using the Leiden Perioperative care Patient Satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq). This study reports one component of a large study conducted. The dimension "Discomfort and needs" of the LPPSq was considered, and the measurements of that dimension are presented in this report. Items of the dimension were standardized and measured using a five-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely." Multivariable logistic regression was used to look for the association of the outcomes with the types of surgery and types of anesthesia using SPSS (Version 22).

Results

The prevalence were computed in two manners, prevalence of those with 'at least a little bit' outcomes, which was computed to see the total occurrence of these outcomes, and prevalence of those having 'more than moderate' outcomes to see the severe experience of these outcomes. Prevalence of the predominant undesirable outcome, postoperative pain, for 'at least a little bit' and 'more than moderate' were 82.6% and 43.6%, respectively. The rest of the postoperative undesirable outcomes were less frequently reported.

Conclusion

Postoperative pain was found to be the most prevalent undesirable outcome. Enhancement of proper assessment and management of postoperative pain through the development and implementation of specific pain management modalities is needed.