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Vainio H, Soininen L, Castrén M, Torkki P. Identifying performance indicators to measure overall performance of telephone triage - a scoping review. Scand J Prim Health Care 2024; 42:38-50. [PMID: 38078730 PMCID: PMC10851803 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2023.2283188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aims to summarize performance indicators used in telephone triage services research, and make recommendations for the selection of valid indicators to measure the performance of telephone triage. We describe what kind of frameworks, performance indicators, or variables have been used for evaluating telephone triage performance by systematically mapping the telephone triage performance measurement. The objective was to find measures for each Triple Aim dimension. DESIGN A scoping review method was used following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Using this method, we defined indicators to measure the performance of telephone triage. We used the Triple Aim framework to identify indicators to measure the overall performance of telephone triage. The Triple Aim framework consists of improving the patient experience of care, improving the health of populations, and reducing cost per capita. SETTING The scoping review was performed using CINAHL, Medline, EBSCOhost, and PubMed electronic databases. The eligibility criterion was research published in English between 2015 and 2023. The inclusion focused on the use and performance of telephone triage services and system-focused studies. RESULTS A total of 1098 papers were screened for inclusion, with 57 papers included in our review. We identified 13 performance indicators covering all Triple Aim dimensions: waiting times, access, patient satisfaction, the accuracy of triage decision, severity and urgency of the symptoms, triage response, patient compliance with the advice given, follow-up healthcare service use, and running costs of service. We didn't find any earlier framework covering all Triple Aim dimensions properly. CONCLUSIONS Measuring the performance of telephone triage requires an extensive and comprehensive approach. We presented performance indicators that may be included in the framework for measuring the performance of telephone triage to support overall performance measurements of telephone triage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Vainio
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Soininen
- DigiFinland Ltd., University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maaret Castrén
- Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paulus Torkki
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sakurai A, Ohta S, Oda J, Muguruma T, Abe T, Morimura N. ABCD approach at the #7119 center, telephone triage system in Tokyo, Japan; a retrospective cohort study. BMC Emerg Med 2022; 22:66. [PMID: 35439949 PMCID: PMC9020061 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-022-00625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The algorithm and protocol of the #7119 telephone triage in Tokyo, Japan, had been originally established and consists of three steps. In this study, we investigated the outcome of patients treated with physiological abnormality (ABCD approach: A, airway; B, breathing; C, circulation, and D, dysfunction of central nervous system) in step 2 during the #7119 telephone triage and clarified the meaning of evaluation of this approach. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from the Tokyo Fire Department from January 2016 to December 2017. Almost all the patients triaged using the ABCD approach were transferred to the hospital by ambulance and assigned severity by a physician. We divided patients into groups with combinations of 15 patterns including A, B, C, D, AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD, ABC, ABD, ACD, BCD, and ABCD. We compared the proportion of severe cases in each group using a Fisher's exact test, followed by residual analysis. Results We analyzed 13,793 cases triaged using the ABCD approach. In this analysis, 31% of total cases were assessed as severe cases. Groupwise analysis showed that the proportion of severe cases was significantly higher in the AD, BC, CD, ABD, and ABCD groups, while it was significantly less in the C and AB groups than in the total cases. Conclusion At the #7119 telephone triage, we can pick up the severe cases by the ABCD approach. This may contribute to the prompt transportation of severe patients to hospitals by dispatching ambulance cars using the #7119 telephone triage methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sakurai
- Emergency Telephone Consultation Centre, Tokyo Medical Association, 2-5 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8328, Japan. .,Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Oyaguchikamichou 30-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Ohta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Business Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 3-15-9 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan.,Research and Analysis, Center for Health Service Outcome Research and Development, 23-17-408 Sakuragaokashou, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0031, Japan
| | - Jun Oda
- Emergency Telephone Consultation Centre, Tokyo Medical Association, 2-5 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8328, Japan.,Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Muguruma
- Emergency Telephone Consultation Centre, Tokyo Medical Association, 2-5 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8328, Japan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Kanazawa-ku Fukuura, Yokoyama-city, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeru Abe
- Emergency Telephone Consultation Centre, Tokyo Medical Association, 2-5 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8328, Japan.,Advanced Critical Care and Emergency Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Minami-ku Urafunemachi, Yokoyama city, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan
| | - Naoto Morimura
- Emergency Telephone Consultation Centre, Tokyo Medical Association, 2-5 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8328, Japan.,Department of Emeregency Medicine, Teikyo Univeristy School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
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