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Deng J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Xiong B. Intelligent supervision of PIVAS drug dispensing based on image recognition technology. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298109. [PMID: 38573999 PMCID: PMC10994394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services (PIVAS) are places dedicated to the centralized dispensing of intravenous drugs, usually managed and operated by professional pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, and are an integral part of modern healthcare. However, the workflow of PIVAS has some problems, such as low efficiency and error-prone. This study aims to improve the efficiency of drug dispensing, reduce the rate of manual misjudgment, and minimize drug errors by conducting an in-depth study of the entire workflow of PIVAS and applying image recognition technology to the drug checking and dispensing process. Firstly, through experimental comparison, a target detection model suitable for drug category recognition is selected in the drug-checking process of PIVAS, and it is improved to improve the recognition accuracy and speed of intravenous drug categories. Secondly, a corner detection model for drug dosage recognition was studied in the drug dispensing stage to further increase drug dispensing accuracy. Then the PIVAS drug category recognition system and PIVAS drug dosage recognition system were designed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Deng
- College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Yuehan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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Hu TT, Zuo R, Lei W, Xiang TY, Tan JP, Yan RF. Preclinical validation for the use of an automated ampule opener. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:1925-1927. [PMID: 38212223 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ting Hu
- Department of Nursing, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Nursing, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Tao-Ying Xiang
- Department of Endoscopy Center, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Ji-Ping Tan
- Department of Anus & Intestine Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Ruo-Fen Yan
- Department of Nursing, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China
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Tian S, Xie G, Xu F, Zhang J. Development of regional pharmacy intravenous admixture services data reporting and analysis platform for enhanced quality control ability. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:231. [PMID: 38388389 PMCID: PMC10885495 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) center has emerged as an important department of hospitals as it can improve occupational protection and ensure the safety and effectiveness of intravenous infusions. However, there is little research on the standardized capability and risk evaluation of PIVAS by using modern information technology. In this research, we established Regional Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services Data Reporting and Analysis Platform (RPDRAP) to improve quality control ability for PIVAS management. RPDRAP including evaluation matrix for quality control monitoring. The construction of platform is based on guidelines for the Construction and Management of PIVAS and management specifications of PIVAS in China. METHODS RPDRAP was established in 2018. This platform comprises a data collection system and a data analysis system. The data collection system consists of 67 data items. Data collection relied on online platforms through data acquisition module. The collected data were analyzed using a model with 20 indicators within the data analysis system. Fifteen hospitals, public comprehensive healthcare facilities with more than 500 beds, participated in the platform's application evaluation. RESULTS The study revealed significant differences in PIVAS total score, supervisors, and workload between 2020 and 2022. The platform's application results demonstrated improvements in personnel management, work efficiency, and infection control within these PIVAS. Although statistical significance was observed in only 8 out of the 25 items, most of the scores showed an increase, with a small portion remaining unchanged and no decline in scores. CONCLUSIONS This platform can be recommended for PIVAS homogeneous and regional efficient management. The use of this platform not only improves the quality control ability of PIVAS but also enables the management department to quickly grasp the current situation and characteristics of each PIVAS through standardized data collection and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowu Tian
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, No. 1168, Chunrong West Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, China
| | - Genyu Xie
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, No. 1168, Chunrong West Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong District, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, 920 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, No. 212, Daguan Road, Xishan District, Kunming, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, China
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Yuhan Z, Qingqing Y, Zhihui C, Yongjun M, Guowei J. Statistical analysis of the storage time of finished product infusion. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231222231. [PMID: 38180889 PMCID: PMC10771069 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231222231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study determined the storage time of finished infusion in each hospital ward and assessed whether the storage time of finished infusion was within an acceptable range. METHODS The research object was the finished infusion (one bag of infusion with only one drug) that is centrally dosed at the Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service (PIVAS) of Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences. We used an automatic scanner to assess the placement time of finished infusion products in various wards of the hospital. We classified the drugs used in various wards, analyzed whether their placement times were reasonable, assessed the reasons for unreasonable placement times, and took intervention measures. Similarly, the storage time of finished infusion was deemed reasonable or unreasonable, the reasons for unreasonable storage times were analyzed, and intervention measures were taken. RESULTS In September 2021, the proportion of infusions stored for an unreasonable time was 12.69%, a decrease of 5.37% compared with August 2021, indicating the effectiveness of intervention measures. CONCLUSION By using statistical analysis and intervention measures, our PIVAS improved the standardized use of finished infusion products and ensured the safety of medication for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yuhan
- Pharmacy Department, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qingqing
- Clinical Research Center, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao Zhihui
- Pharmacy Department, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Yongjun
- Pharmacy Department, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Guowei
- Pharmacy Department, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Yin Y, Fu W, Liu W, Li F, Gong X, Liu D, Li J. Real-world study of the leakage of two types of infusion bags in multicenter pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1273020. [PMID: 37869755 PMCID: PMC10587401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1273020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study sought to analyze the leakage rate, economic loss caused by leakage, leakage reasons, and usage of upright polypropylene infusion bags and non-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) infusion bags, two types of closed intravenous infusion containers used in pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS), to improve the product quality of drug infusion packaging materials, reduce drug and clinical economic losses, and reduce the safety hazards of medication. Method: A real-world study was used to collect statistics for these infusion containers. The study was conducted in 21 hospitals in China from September to December 2022. Upright polypropylene infusion bags or non-PVC infusion bags in PIVAS of these 21 hospitals were chosen as the research material. Results: In total, 2,349,899 upright polypropylene infusion bags and 3,301,722 non-PVC infusion bags were collected. Eleven cases of upright polypropylene infusion bag leakage occurred (with a the leakage rate of 0.05‱), and 394 cases of non-PVC infusion bag leakage occurred (with a leakage rate of 1.19‱). The leakage rate of non-PVC infusion bags was significantly higher than that of upright polypropylene infusion bags (p < 0.01). The main reason for leakage in upright polypropylene infusion bags was sharp objects such as glass fragments or aluminum caps piercing the bag. The main reason for leakage in non-PVC infusion bags was squeezing, stacking, and uneven arrangement that causes folding of edges. For non-PVC bags, additional reasons for leakage included leakage at the nozzle joint, excessive manual or machine throwing force, and excessive dosage. The economic loss of upright polypropylene infusion bags was 1,116.56 CNY. The economic loss of non-PVC infusion bags was 32,210.86 CNY. Conclusion: Based on real-world study data on the leakage of upright polypropylene infusion bags and non-PVC infusion bags in multicenter PIVAS, it can be concluded that the leakage rates of upright polypropylene infusion bags are significantly lower than those of non-PVC infusion bags in PIVAS, and the economic losses due to upright polypropylene infusion bags are lower than those due to non-PVC infusion bags in PIVAS. Therefore, we can infer that upright polypropylene infusion bags are superior to non-PVC infusion bags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuepeng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yang C, Li D, Yang Y, Hu Y, Zhang L. Investigation of the status of depression and anxiety among leaders and staff in pharmacy intravenous admixture services in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34661. [PMID: 37653774 PMCID: PMC10470806 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the status of depression and anxiety among leaders and staff in pharmacy intravenous admixture services (PIVAS) and analyze influencing factors to provide a reference for improving their mental health status. This study involved a multi-center cross-sectional survey. PIVAS leaders and staff from across China were invited to participate. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire were used to measure the status of anxiety and depression. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze influencing factors. In total, 137 PIVAS leaders and 501 staff were included in this study. The results showed that 43.8% (60/137) of the leaders had anxiety and 38.7% (53/137) had depression. Among staff, 47.3% (237/501) had anxiety and 46.5% (233/501) had depression. Multiple linear regression showed that for PIVAS leaders, the degree of recognition by doctors was associated with anxiety scores, whereas PIVAS charge standard, PIVAS profit and loss situation, and the degree of recognition by doctors were associated with depression scores. For PIVAS staff, satisfaction with working in PIVAS was associated with anxiety scores, and job title, working hours per day, and satisfaction with working in PIVAS were associated with depression scores. Depression and anxiety are common among PIVAS leaders and staff working in hospitals in China. Hospitals should implement measures to improve the mental health of PIVAS leaders and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-based Pharmacy Center, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaya Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-based Pharmacy Center, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-based Pharmacy Center, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Wang X, Gu M, Gao X, Xiong X, Wang N, Li Q, Ge M, Luo M, Zhang Y, Hua X, Shi C. Application of information-intelligence technologies in pharmacy intravenous admixture services in a Chinese third-class a hospital. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1238. [PMID: 36207708 PMCID: PMC9540049 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) center has emerged as an important department of hospital as it can improve occupational protection and ensure the safety and effectiveness of intravenous infusions. However, medication errors were considered to be a significant challenge in PIVAS, so information-intelligence technologies were introduced to optimize the management of PIVAS. Our article summarized the application of information-intelligence technologies in PIVAS of a large third-class A hospital in China, and provided an example for PIVAS in other hospitals at home and abroad. Methods Prescription-reviewing rules containing intravenous medications and infusion solution guideline were recorded in the database of prescription-cheking system. Drugs information were recorded in the PIVAS management system with special identification and warning labels to reduce intravenous infusion errors. Automatic labeling device was used to label the infusion bags, and the quality control program database of intelligent compounding robot for cytotoxic drugs was established ingeniously. Automatic sorting devices were applied for the third batch of finished infusion admixtures, and intelligent logistics robots were used to transport the infusion to the ward. Results After establishing and implementing of prescription-reviewing rules in the prescription-cheking system database, the number of prescriptions checked by pharmacists increased from 18 to 43 per minute. The success rate of intervention with irrational medical orders increased from 85.89% to 99.06% (P < 0.05). By introducing various intelligent devices, automatic labeling significantly enhanced work efficiency and reduced the error rate (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the use of intelligent intravenous compounding robots significantly reduced the risk of errors (P < 0.001). Conclusions The application of information-intelligence technologies in PIVAS can improve work efficiency and reduce error risk. However, some intelligent devices have failed to achieve the expected effect in practical use, and further improvements are needed to meet the demands of PIVAS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanxi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Li G, Xu H, Zhao H, Deng G, Huang X. The effect of auxiliary admixture equipment on the hygiene conditions and quality of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yang Q, Ai L, Yang W. Practical value analysis of nursing risk management in intravenous drug allocation. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:7053-7058. [PMID: 34306463 PMCID: PMC8290723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the practical value of nursing risk management in intravenous drug allocation. METHODS A total of 1200 patients who received infusion therapy in our hospital were prospectively selected and divided into an observation group (n=600) and a control group (n=600) using a random number table method. The former was given nursing risk management, while the control group was not. The incidence rate of intravenous infusion errors, the incidence rate of infusion reactions, the scores of near-miss items in pharmacy intravenous admixture services and subjective satisfaction were observed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS The incidence of intravenous infusion errors and infusion reactions in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the scores of near-miss items in pharmacy intravenous admixture services and subjective satisfaction were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Nursing risk management can reduce the incidence of errors in clinical pharmacy intravenous admixture services and the incidence rate of infusion reactions, improve infusion safety, and promote the improvement of the subjective satisfaction of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Ai
- Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Department, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Department, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Chen H, Guo Y, Wei H, Chen X. The impact of pharmacist oriented mode on risk control in a Chinese centralized intravenous admixture service centre. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5445. [PMID: 33686207 PMCID: PMC7940617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Centralized intravenous admixture service (CIVAS) centres, which are pharmaceutical departments found in Chinese hospitals, provide high-quality intravenous fluids and pharmaceutical services for patients, and errors in their working procedures can lead to adverse consequences. Pharmacists, the primary CIVAS centre personnel, play a role in risk control; however, to date, the effect of pharmacists' participation in risk management has not been reported. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacist's role in risk control and evaluate its impact. A retrospective observational study was designed to assess the principal working process in the CIVAS centre of a provincial healthcare setting. Errors in the main working process were identified, and intervention measures were formulated. The pharmacist intervention effect was evaluated by assessing the identification rate of improper prescriptions; the incidence rate of drug preparation, compounding, packaging and delivery process errors; and expenditures on wasteful drugs. There was a higher identification rate for improper prescriptions after the intervention (P < 0.05), while the incidence of drug preparation (P < 0.05), admixture (P < 0.05), and packaging and delivery errors (P < 0.01) was significantly lower; the total wasteful medication expenditure was also dramatically reduced. The potential creativity of pharmacists in error control can provide dependable intravenous drugs for patients and reduce the running expenditures for CIVAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. .,Intravenous Admixture Services Centre, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yanrong Guo
- Intravenous Admixture Services Centre, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hualing Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
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