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Abdi Z, Ravaghi H, Sarkhosh S, Nafar H, Khani S, Letaief M. Patient and family engagement in patient safety in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:765. [PMID: 38918854 PMCID: PMC11202252 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients can play a key role in delivering safe care by becoming actively involved in their health care. This study aimed at reviewing the literature for evidence of patients' and families' engagement in patient safety in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). METHODS We conducted a scoping review of the literature published in English using PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and PsycINFO until June 2023. RESULTS A total of 9019 studies were screened, with 22 meeting the inclusion criteria. Our review found few published studies of patient and family engagement in patient safety research in the EMR. Thirteen studies explored the attitudes, perceptions, and/or experiences / preferences of patients, families, and healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding patient engagement in patient safety. Nine publications reported patient involvement in patient safety activities at varying levels. Three categories of factors were identified that may affect patient involvement: patient-related (e.g., lack of awareness on their role in preventing harms, unwillingness to challenge HCPs' authority, and cultural barriers); HCP-related (e.g., negative attitudes towards patient engagement, poor patient-provider communication, and high workload); and healthcare setting-related (e.g., lack of relevant policies and guidelines, lack of training for patients, and HCPs, and lack of patient-centered approach). CONCLUSION This review highlighted limitations in the current literature on patient and family engagement in patient safety in the EMR, including both the depth of evidence and clarity of concepts. Further research is needed to explore how to actively involve patients and their families, as well as to determine whether such involvement translates into improved safety in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaleh Abdi
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Ravaghi
- Department of Universal Health Coverage/Health Systems (UHS), World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samaneh Sarkhosh
- School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Nafar
- School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mondher Letaief
- Department of Universal Health Coverage/Health Systems (UHS), World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
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Alhmoud EN, Alrawi SFF, El-Enany R, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Hadi MA. Impact of pharmacist-supported transition of care services in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pharm Policy Pract 2024; 17:2323099. [PMID: 38476501 PMCID: PMC10930094 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2323099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Transition of care (TOC) is associated with an increased risk of medication-related problems. Despite recent advancements in pharmacy practice and research in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the characteristics and impact of regional pharmacy-supported TOC interventions remain unclear.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe pharmacist-supported TOC interventions in the MENA region and evaluate their effectiveness. Methods PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) were searched from their inception to March 9, 2023, for experimental studies published in English, comparing pharmacist-supported TOC interventions with usual care for adults (age ≥18 years) discharged from the hospital. The risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane's risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (ROB2) and the risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for randomised and non-randomised studies respectively. Narrative syntheses and meta-analysis methods were employed depending on the outcomes evaluated. Results Twelve studies (n = 2377 subjects), 10 randomised controlled trials and 2 quasi-experimental studies, were included. Most studies had high or serious risk of bias. The included studies were quite heterogeneous in terms of nature and the delivery of intervention, and assessment of outcome measures. Compared to the usual care group, pharmacist-led TOC interventions contributed to a significant reduction in preventable drug-related (N = 2) and cardiac-related healthcare utilisation (N = 1), a significant reduction in preventable adverse drug events (ADEs) (Odds ratio (OR) 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.94) and an improvement in medication adherence. However, all-cause hospitalisation and medication discrepancies were not significantly reduced. Conclusion Pharmacy-supported TOC interventions may improve patient outcomes in the MENA region. However, considering the limited quality of evidence and the variability in intervention delivery, future well-designed clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rasha El-Enany
- Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Muhammad Abdul Hadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Tyler N, Hodkinson A, Planner C, Angelakis I, Keyworth C, Hall A, Jones PP, Wright OG, Keers R, Blakeman T, Panagioti M. Transitional Care Interventions From Hospital to Community to Reduce Health Care Use and Improve Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2344825. [PMID: 38032642 PMCID: PMC10690480 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Discharge from the hospital to the community has been associated with serious patient risks and excess service costs. Objective To evaluate the comparative effectiveness associated with transitional care interventions with different complexity levels at improving health care utilization and patient outcomes in the transition from the hospital to the community. Data Sources CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception until August 2022. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials evaluating transitional care interventions from hospitals to the community were identified. Data Extraction and Synthesis At least 2 reviewers were involved in all data screening and extraction. Random-effects network meta-analyses and meta-regressions were applied. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were readmission at 30, 90, and 180 days after discharge. Secondary outcomes included emergency department visits, mortality, quality of life, patient satisfaction, medication adherence, length of stay, primary care and outpatient visits, and intervention uptake. Results Overall, 126 trials with 97 408 participants were included, 86 (68%) of which were of low risk of bias. Low-complexity interventions were associated with the most efficacy for reducing hospital readmissions at 30 days (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.92) and 180 days (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.66) and emergency department visits (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96). Medium-complexity interventions were associated with the most efficacy at reducing hospital readmissions at 90 days (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.92), reducing adverse events (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.75), and improving medication adherence (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.67) but were associated with less efficacy than low-complexity interventions for reducing readmissions at 30 and 180 days. High-complexity interventions were most effective for reducing length of hospital stay (SMD, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.03) and increasing patient satisfaction (SMD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.82) but were least effective for reducing readmissions at all time periods. None of the interventions were associated with improved uptake, quality of life (general, mental, or physical), or primary care and outpatient visits. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that low- and medium-complexity transitional care interventions were associated with reducing health care utilization for patients transitioning from hospitals to the community. Comprehensive and consistent outcome measures are needed to capture the patient benefits of transitional care interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Tyler
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Hodkinson
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Planner
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Angelakis
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Population Health, Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alex Hall
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Richard Keers
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Pharmacy Department, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Aston-Under-Lyne, United Kingdom
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Blakeman
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Panagioti
- National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Joseph Macchiavelli A. Venous Thromboembolism: The Need for Transitions of Care. Med Clin North Am 2023; 107:883-894. [PMID: 37541714 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that approximately 900,000 patients are diagnosed with venous thromboembolism (VTE) annually in the United States leading to approximately 548,000 hospitalizations and 100,000 deaths. Approximately 274 people die daily in the United States from VTE. The numbers are staggering with 1 person dying every 5 minutes! There are more deaths annually in the United States from VTE than breast cancer (41,000), AIDS (16,000), and motor vehicle accidents (32,000) combined! VTE is recognized as a leading cause of preventable hospital deaths and a leading cause of maternal deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Joseph Macchiavelli
- Division Vascular Medicine, Jefferson Vascular Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, 111 South 11th Street, 6210 Gibbon, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Sakr F, Akel M, Sacre H, Haddad C, Tawil S, Safwan J, Hajj A, Zeenny RM, Iskandar K, Salameh P. The specialized competency framework for community pharmacists (SCF-CP) in Lebanon: validation and evaluation of the revised version. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:77. [PMID: 37344915 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of similar studies in Lebanon, this study aimed at upgrading and validating the Lebanese specialized competencies framework for community pharmacists (SCF-CP) as a tool to transform community practice and support the professional development and career progression of community pharmacists. METHODS Content validity was assessed and improved through a team of experts. After a thorough literature review and utilizing the Delphi technique, six domains were defined in the framework, with their respective competencies and behaviors. A cross-sectional study was then carried out from March to October 2022 using an online questionnaire created on Google Forms. The snowball technique was applied to reach community pharmacists across all the Lebanese governorates. RESULTS The final sample included 512 community pharmacists. The construct validity of the framework was confirmed by factor analysis. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measures of sampling adequacy were satisfactory for all models ranging from 0.500 to 0.956 with a significant Bartlett's test of sphericity (P < 0.001). The internal consistency of all competency domains was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha, with values ranging from 0.803 to 0.953. All competencies were significantly correlated with their respective domains (P < 0.001), and all domains were significantly correlated with each other and with the framework (P < 0.001). The participants declared being competent in all domains relating to fundamental skills, safe and rational use of medicines, pharmacy management, professional skills, public health fundamentals, and emergency preparedness and response, with some exceptions, such as compounding, management, and emergency preparedness. A higher declared competency level was associated with having more experience and receiving more than 50 patients per day. CONCLUSION Our findings could demonstrate that the Lebanese specialized competency framework is a valid and reliable tool. This framework could help assess the minimum competencies that community pharmacists should possess or acquire and direct initial and continuing education for better practice. Hence, it could be adopted by the authorities and implemented in the Lebanese community pharmacy setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Education, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
| | - Samah Tawil
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Jihan Safwan
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hajj
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité Des Médicament (LPCQM), Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Rony M Zeenny
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Katia Iskandar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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