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Choudhary RP, Siddalingegowda SM. Exploring the need and potential of ambulatory pharmacy practice for empowering patient and care delivery in India. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2024; 4:1399621. [PMID: 39165627 PMCID: PMC11333453 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2024.1399621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, rapidly changing disease profile patterns, shortage & uneven utilization of healthcare professionals contributed massive burden on the Indian healthcare system, which resulted in varying, fragmented, inconsistent healthcare delivery to the patients and poor patient management. Patients often face and experience many challenges like lack of accessibility, poor patient-healthcare provider relationships, and inadequate quality of care, resulting in unnecessary economic burden in managing their health conditions. Thus Indian healthcare reform is essential in enhancing its capacity to fulfill patients' health needs that can be addressed by focusing on key sustainable strategies and initiatives meant for enhancing coordination of care, expanding services accessibility, redeveloping healthcare infrastructure, implementing workforce innovation and strong governance with the incorporation of core principles such as patient-centeredness, integrated care and collaborative care approaches. The clinical and ambulatory pharmacy practice are fragment of the healthcare delivery which delivers pharmaceutical care and fulfils the needs of patients across healthcare settings. This paper focuses on the present & future perspectives of ambulatory pharmacy practice in India and the factors to be considered for implementing it in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srikanth M. Siddalingegowda
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
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Tran VD, Tran TNK, Vo QLD, Pham KAT, Dewey RS, Van CK, Dorofeeva VV. A Survey of Pharmacists and Other Healthcare Professionals in Vietnam: Factors Influencing Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions. Hosp Pharm 2024; 59:56-69. [PMID: 38223867 PMCID: PMC10786064 DOI: 10.1177/00185787231186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals are significant factors that affect the reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). No previous research has examined the predictors of knowledge and attitudes toward ADR reporting in Vietnam. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the factors (ie, demographic and job-related characteristics) associated with inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes toward ADR reporting in a Vietnamese public hospital. Methods A survey recruited a cross-sectional sample of 511 healthcare professionals (with a response rate of 92.9%) at a public hospital in Vinh Long province, Vietnam, from December 2022 to February 2023, using a self-administered questionnaire. Factors related to knowledge and attitudes toward ADR reporting were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Pharmacists had significantly lower knowledge scores (mean = 5.86) than medical practitioners (7.24) and nurses (6.72). Additionally, pharmacists' attitudes scored significantly lower (34.61) than those of medical practitioners (37.21) and nurses (36.86). Multivariate logistic regression showed that educational level, healthcare profession, monthly on-call shifts, and number of direct patient interactions were factors associated with a lower level of knowledge regarding ADR reporting. Additionally, age group and healthcare profession were identified as factors associated with negative attitudes toward ADR reporting among healthcare workers. Conclusions Our study identified several factors associated with lower levels of knowledge and negative attitudes toward ADR reporting among healthcare workers in Vietnam. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and education programs to improve healthcare workers' knowledge and attitudes toward ADR reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van De Tran
- Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Kieu Tran
- Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
- Vinh Long Provincial General Hospital, Vinh Long, Vietnam
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Lee M, Kim SE, Jeong JH, Park YH, Han HW. Development of service standards and manpower calculation criteria for hospital clinical pharmacies in South Korea: a survey-based study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:118. [PMID: 38254141 PMCID: PMC10802065 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the revision of the Korean Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, the certification of specialized pharmacists is scheduled to be legally recognized in 2023. Considering that the specialized pharmacist certification was developed based on the working model of hospital clinical pharmacists, it is necessary to establish standards for clinical pharmacists in hospitals and to calculate appropriate manpower. Through this study, we aim to establish practical standards for clinical pharmacists and propose a method for calculating staffing levels based on an investigation of actual workloads. METHODS This survey-based study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a literature review was conducted to establish standards for clinical pharmacy services, and tasks in relevant literature were classified to identify clinical pharmacy service tasks that are applicable to the practice of Korean hospitals. Additionally, a preliminary survey was conducted to investigate the essential tasks. In the second phase of the investigation, a multicenter survey was conducted targeting pharmacists in facilities with more than 1,000 beds to explore their perceptions and actual workloads related to tasks. RESULTS According to the standards for clinical pharmacists in Korea, clinical pharmacy services consist of a total of 23 tasks, of which 16 have been identified as essential tasks. Essential tasks accounted for 93% of the total tasks in clinical pharmacy services. The average full-time equivalent (FTE) through workload calculation was 2.5 ± 1.9 for each field, while the FTE allocated to actual practice was 2.1 ± 1.6. The distribution of each type of clinical pharmacy service was as follows: 77% for medication therapy management, 13% for medication education, 8% for multidisciplinary team activities, and 3% for medication use evaluation. CONCLUSION This study identified essential tasks common to clinical pharmacy services across different healthcare institutions. However, the FTE of clinical pharmacists in actual practice was insufficient compared to the required amount. In order to establish and expand clinical pharmacy services in a hospital, it is necessary to ensure an adequate workforce for essential tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirinae Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, 05535, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, 05535, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hye Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, 05535, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, 05535, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Won Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, 05535, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kilonzi M, Mutagonda RF, Mwakawanga DL, Mlyuka HJ, Mikomangwa WP, Kibanga WA, Marealle AI, Mallya B, Katabalo D, Sanga S, Kalokola F, Rwegasha J, Magambo R, Mmassy J, Kabissi S, Balati JA, Maduki P, Minzi OM, Kamuhabwa AAR. Establishment of clinical pharmacy services: evidence-based information from stakeholders. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2024; 22:6. [PMID: 38200603 PMCID: PMC10782669 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-023-00887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
High morbidity and mortality related to the use of drugs resulted in demand for clinical pharmacy services (CPS) globally. In developed countries, the evolution of pharmacists' role in direct patient care started in the 1960s. The participation of pharmacists in CPS has resulted in positive clinical, economic, and humanistic outcomes. In developing countries, efforts have started to ensure pharmacists are engaged in the provision of CPS. However, the efforts are hampered by poorly defined pharmacist career paths, financial constraints, and a lack of political willingness. In Tanzania, efforts started in 2008, in which CPS was introduced into the Bachelor of Pharmacy curriculum, followed by the initiation of a postgraduate program on hospital and clinical pharmacy in 2013. A regulation was released by the Tanzania Ministry of Health in 2020 to enforce pharmacists' engagement in providing CPS. In 2021, a project was launched in the country, aiming to strengthen the provision of CPS in public and faith-based hospitals by training on-job pharmacists. The project was implemented in phases, including stakeholders' engagement, baseline survey, training, and supportive supervision of the trained pharmacists. Therefore, this commentary aims to share what we experienced during project implementation, the achievements, challenges, and key lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manase Kilonzi
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Ritah F Mutagonda
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Dorkasi L Mwakawanga
- School of Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hamu J Mlyuka
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wigilya P Mikomangwa
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wema A Kibanga
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Alphonce Ignace Marealle
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bertha Mallya
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Deogratias Katabalo
- School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Sofia Sanga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, P. O. BOX 65000, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fredrick Kalokola
- School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - John Rwegasha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, P. O. BOX 65000, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rose Magambo
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - John Mmassy
- Christian Social Services Commission, P.O. BOX 9433, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sungwa Kabissi
- Christian Social Services Commission, P.O. BOX 9433, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Josephine A Balati
- Christian Social Services Commission, P.O. BOX 9433, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Peter Maduki
- Christian Social Services Commission, P.O. BOX 9433, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Omary Mashiku Minzi
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Appolinary A R Kamuhabwa
- School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. BOX 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Nguyen BQ, Nguyen CTT. An Assessment of Outpatient Satisfaction with Hospital Pharmacy Quality and Influential Factors in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101945. [PMID: 36292392 PMCID: PMC9601799 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to evaluate outpatient satisfaction (OS) with health insurance drug dispensing at the central hospital in Vietnam and to explore the influential factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on adult outpatients via an adjusted SERVQUAL questionnaire. The questionnaire's internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) were considered. The difference between groups was solved using a t-test or ANOVA-test. The multiple-regression analysis determined the influence levels of each factor. A p-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant. A total of 210 participants participated, with most being over 55 years old, female, with a high school education, and freelancers. The mean general satisfaction score was 3.42 (SD = 0.79). The reliability obtained the highest satisfaction score, and the guarantee was the lowest. The final questionnaire, including five factors (reliability, responsiveness, assurance, sympathy, and tangible) with 26 observational variables, had an internal consistency reliability and construct validity. These five factors had a statistically significant correlation and influence on the general satisfaction of the outpatients. The reliability factor had the strongest influence, and assurance had the weakest. Training staff about communication, counseling, and consolidating the facilities are the core solutions for increasing OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Quoc Nguyen
- Pharmacy Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Cuc Thi Thu Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Management and Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi City 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence:
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