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Cafarella C, Mangraviti D, Rigano F, Dugo P, Mondello L. Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry: A survey through 15 years of applications. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400155. [PMID: 38772742 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) is a relatively recent MS technique explored in many application fields, demonstrating high versatility in the detection of a wide range of chemicals, from small molecules (phenols, amino acids, di- and tripeptides, organic acids, and sugars) to larger biomolecules, that is, phospholipids and triacylglycerols. Different sampling devices were used depending on the analyzed matrix (liquid or solid), resulting in distinct performances in terms of automation, reproducibility, and sensitivity. The absence of laborious and time-consuming sample preparation procedures and chromatographic separations was highlighted as a major advantage compared to chromatographic methods. REIMS was successfully used to achieve a comprehensive sample profiling according to a metabolomics untargeted analysis. Moreover, when a multitude of samples were available, the combination with chemometrics allowed rapid sample differentiation and the identification of discriminant features. The present review aims to provide a survey of literature reports based on the use of such analytical technology, highlighting its mode of operation in different application areas, ranging from clinical research, mostly focused on cancer diagnosis for the accurate identification of tumor margins, to the agri-food sector aiming at the safeguard of food quality and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cafarella
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina Institute of Technology, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Mangraviti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina Institute of Technology, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina Institute of Technology, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina Institute of Technology, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Chromaleont s.r.l., former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina Institute of Technology, former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Chromaleont s.r.l., former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Vankova L, Vanek D. Capillary-Electrophoresis-Based Species Barcoding of Big Cats: CR-mtDNA-Length Polymorphism. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:497. [PMID: 38672767 PMCID: PMC11051001 DOI: 10.3390/life14040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide an overview of the methodological approach used for the species determination of big cats. The molecular system described herein employs mitochondrial DNA control region (CR-mtDNA)-length polymorphism in combination with highly sensitive and precise capillary electrophoresis. We demonstrated that the described CR-mtDNA barcoding system can be utilized for species determination where the presence of biological material from big cats is expected or used as a confirmatory test alongside Sanger or massive parallel sequencing (MPS). We have also addressed the fact that species barcoding, when based on the analysis of mtDNA targets, can be biased by nuclear inserts of the mitochondrial genome (NUMTs). The CR-mtDNA barcoding system is suitable even for problematic and challenging samples, such as hair. CR-mtDNA-length polymorphisms can also distinguish hybrids from pure breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Vankova
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Forensic DNA Service, Budinova 2, 180 81 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Vanek
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Forensic DNA Service, Budinova 2, 180 81 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Bulovka University Hospital, 180 81 Prague, Czech Republic
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Wagner I, Grigoraki L, Enevoldson P, Clarkson M, Jones S, Hurst JL, Beynon RJ, Ranson H. Rapid identification of mosquito species and age by mass spectrometric analysis. BMC Biol 2023; 21:10. [PMID: 36690979 PMCID: PMC9872345 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapid, accurate method to identify and to age-grade mosquito populations would be a major advance in predicting the risk of pathogen transmission and evaluating the public health impact of vector control interventions. Whilst other spectrometric or transcriptomic methods show promise, current approaches rely on challenging morphological techniques or simple binary classifications that cannot identify the subset of the population old enough to be infectious. In this study, the ability of rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) to identify the species and age of mosquitoes reared in the laboratory and derived from the wild was investigated. RESULTS The accuracy of REIMS in identifying morphologically identical species of the Anopheles gambiae complex exceeded 97% using principal component/linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) and 84% based on random forest analysis. Age separation into 3 different age categories (1 day, 5-6 days, 14-15 days) was achieved with 99% (PC-LDA) and 91% (random forest) accuracy. When tested on wild mosquitoes from the UK, REIMS data could determine the species and age of the specimens with accuracies of 91 and 90% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of REIMS to resolve the species and age of Anopheles mosquitoes is comparable to that achieved by infrared spectroscopy approaches. The processing time and ease of use represent significant advantages over current, dissection-based methods. Importantly, the accuracy was maintained when using wild mosquitoes reared under differing environmental conditions, and when mosquitoes were stored frozen or desiccated. This high throughput approach thus has potential to conduct rapid, real-time monitoring of vector populations, providing entomological evidence of the impact of alternative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wagner
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - Linda Grigoraki
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK
| | - Peter Enevoldson
- Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7LJ UK
- Department of Livestock and One Health, University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE UK
| | - Michael Clarkson
- Department of Livestock and One Health, University of Liverpool, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE UK
| | - Sam Jones
- International Pheromone Systems Ltd, Evolution House, Long Acres Road, Clayhill Industrial Estate, Neston, CH64 3RL Cheshire UK
| | - Jane L. Hurst
- Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE UK
| | - Robert J. Beynon
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK
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Morgan J, Salcedo-Sora JE, Wagner I, Beynon RJ, Triana-Chavez O, Strode C. Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry (REIMS): a Potential and Rapid Tool for the Identification of Insecticide Resistance in Mosquito Larvae. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:5. [PMID: 36082679 PMCID: PMC9459442 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is a significant challenge facing the successful control of mosquito vectors globally. Bioassays are currently the only method for phenotyping resistance. They require large numbers of mosquitoes for testing, the availability of a susceptible comparator strain, and often insectary facilities. This study aimed to trial the novel use of rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) for the identification of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. No sample preparation is required for REIMS and analysis can be rapidly conducted within hours. Temephos resistant Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) larvae from Cúcuta, Colombia and temephos susceptible larvae from two origins (Bello, Colombia, and the lab reference strain New Orleans) were analyzed using REIMS. We tested the ability of REIMS to differentiate three relevant variants: population source, lab versus field origin, and response to insecticide. The classification of these data was undertaken using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest. Classification models built using REIMS data were able to differentiate between Ae. aegypti larvae from different populations with 82% (±0.01) accuracy, between mosquitoes of field and lab origin with 89% (±0.01) accuracy and between susceptible and resistant larvae with 85% (±0.01) accuracy. LDA classifiers had higher efficiency than random forest with this data set. The high accuracy observed here identifies REIMS as a potential new tool for rapid identification of resistance in mosquitoes. We argue that REIMS and similar modern phenotyping alternatives should complement existing insecticide resistance management tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Morgan
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4QP, UK
| | | | - Iris Wagner
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Robert J Beynon
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Omar Triana-Chavez
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Koshute P, Hagan N, Jameson NJ. Machine learning model for detecting fentanyl analogs from mass spectra. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wagner I, Koch NI, Sarsby J, White N, Price TAR, Jones S, Hurst JL, Beynon RJ. The application of rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry in the analysis of Drosophila species-a potential new tool in entomology. Open Biol 2020; 10:200196. [PMID: 33234068 PMCID: PMC7729031 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing emphasis on the use of new analytical approaches in subject analysis and classification, particularly in respect to minimal sample preparation. Here, we demonstrate that rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS), a method that captures metabolite mass spectra after rapid combustive degradation of an intact biological specimen, generates informative mass spectra from several arthropods, and more specifically, is capable of discerning differences between species and sex of several adult Drosophila species. A model including five Drosophila species, built using pattern recognition, achieves high correct classification rates (over 90%) using test datasets and is able to resolve closely related species. The ease of discrimination of male and female specimens also demonstrates that sex-specific differences reside in the REIMS metabolite patterns, whether analysed across all five species or specifically for D. melanogaster. Further, the same approach can correctly discriminate and assign Drosophila species at the larval stage, where these are morphologically highly similar or identical. REIMS offers a novel approach to insect typing and analysis, requiring a few seconds of data acquisition per sample and has considerable potential as a new tool for the field biologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wagner
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Natalie I. Koch
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Joscelyn Sarsby
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Nicola White
- Ecology and Evolution Group, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Tom A. R. Price
- Ecology and Evolution Group, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Sam Jones
- International Pheromone Systems Ltd, Unit 8, West Float Industrial Estate, Millbrook Road, Wallasey, Wirral CH41 1FL, UK
| | - Jane L. Hurst
- Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Robert J. Beynon
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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Koehler AV, Zhang Y, Wang T, Haydon SR, Gasser RB. Multiplex PCRs for the specific identification of marsupial and deer species from faecal samples as a basis for non-invasive epidemiological studies of parasites. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:144. [PMID: 32188474 PMCID: PMC7081681 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The specific identification of animals through the analysis of faecal DNA is important in many areas of scientific endeavour, particularly in the field of parasitology. Methods Here, we designed and assessed two multiplex PCR assays using genetic markers in a mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene region for the unequivocal identification and discrimination of animal species based on the specific amplification of DNA from faecal samples collected from water catchment areas in Victoria, Australia. One of these assays differentiates three marsupial species (eastern grey kangaroo, swamp wallaby and common wombat) and the other distinguishes three deer species (fallow, red and sambar deer). We tested these two assays using a total of 669 faecal samples, collected as part of an ongoing programme to monitor parasites and microorganisms in these animals. Results These two PCR assays are entirely specific for these animal species and achieve analytical sensitivities of 0.1–1.0 picogram (pg). We tested 669 faecal samples and found that some previous inferences of species based on faecal morphology were erroneous. We were able to molecularly authenticate all of the 669 samples. Conclusions We have established PCR assays that accurately distinguish the faecal samples of some of the prominent large mammalian herbivores found within a water catchment system in the state of Victoria, Australia. The multiplex assays for marsupials and deer produce amplicons that are easily differentiable based on their size on an agarose gel, and can be readily sequenced for definitive species authentication. Although established for marsupials and deer, the methodology used here can be applied to other host-parasite study systems to ensure data integrity. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson V Koehler
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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