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Wang X, Liu R, Chen Z, Zhang R, Mei Y, Miao X, Bai X, Dong Y. Combining Transcriptomics and Proteomics to Screen Candidate Genes Related to Bovine Birth Weight. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2751. [PMID: 39335340 PMCID: PMC11429316 DOI: 10.3390/ani14182751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a vital organ in bovine reproduction, crucial for blood supply, nutrient transport, and embryonic development. It plays an essential role in the intrauterine growth of calves. However, the molecular mechanisms governing placental function in calves remain inadequately understood. METHODS We established transcriptome and proteome databases for low-birth-weight (LB) and high-birth-weight (HB) calf placentae, identifying key genes and proteins associated with birth weight through bioinformatics analyses that included functional enrichment and protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Both mRNA and protein levels were validated. RESULTS A total of 1494 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 294 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified when comparing the LB group to the HB group. Furthermore, we identified 53 genes and proteins exhibiting significant co-expression across both transcriptomic and proteomic datasets; among these, 40 were co-upregulated, 8 co-downregulated, while 5 displayed upregulation at the protein level despite downregulation at the mRNA level. Functional enrichment analyses (GO and KEGG) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicate that, at the transcriptional level, the primary factor contributing to differences in calf birth weight is that the placenta of the high-birth-weight (HB) group provides more nutrients to the fetus, characterized by enhanced nutrient transport (SLC2A1 and SLC2A11), energy metabolism (ACSL1, MICALL2, PAG2, COL14A1, and ELOVL5), and lipid synthesis (ELOVL5 and ELOVL7). In contrast, the placenta of the low-birth-weight (LB) group prioritizes cell proliferation (PAK1 and ITGA3) and angiogenesis. At the protein level, while the placentae from the HB group exhibit efficient energy production and lipid synthesis, they also demonstrate reduced immunity to various diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and bacterial dysentery. Conversely, the LB group placentae excel in regulating critical biological processes, including cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and signal transduction; they also display higher disease immunity markers (COL6A1, TNC CD36, CD81, Igh-1a, and IGHG) compared to those of the HB group placentae. Co-expression analysis further suggests that increases in calf birth weight can be attributed to both high-efficiency energy production and lipid synthesis within the HB group placentae (ELOVL5, ELOVL7, and ACSL1), alongside cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolic pathways involving CYP11A1 and CYP17A1. CONCLUSION We propose that ELOVL5, ELOVL7, ACSL1, CYP11A1, and CYP17A1 serve as potential protein biomarkers for regulating calf birth weight through the modulation of the fatty acid metabolism, lipid synthesis, and cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular, Shandong Black Cattle Breeding Engineering Technology Center, College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ruili Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular, Shandong Black Cattle Breeding Engineering Technology Center, College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhenpeng Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular, Shandong Black Cattle Breeding Engineering Technology Center, College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Renzheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular, Shandong Black Cattle Breeding Engineering Technology Center, College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanfang Mei
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular, Shandong Black Cattle Breeding Engineering Technology Center, College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiuping Miao
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular, Shandong Black Cattle Breeding Engineering Technology Center, College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xuejin Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular, Shandong Black Cattle Breeding Engineering Technology Center, College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Black Cattle Seed Industry Innovation Center, Shandong Black Cattle Breeding Engineering Technology Center, College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yajuan Dong
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular, Shandong Black Cattle Breeding Engineering Technology Center, College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Black Cattle Seed Industry Innovation Center, Shandong Black Cattle Breeding Engineering Technology Center, College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Gumusoglu SB. The role of the placenta-brain axis in psychoneuroimmune programming. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 36:100735. [PMID: 38420039 PMCID: PMC10900837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational exposures have enduring impacts on brain and neuroimmune development and function. Perturbations of pregnancy leading to placental structure/function deficits, cell stress, immune activation, and endocrine changes (metabolic, growth factors, etc.) all increase neuropsychiatric risk in offspring. The existing literature links obstetric diseases with placental involvement to offspring neuroimmune outcomes and neurodevelopmental risk. Psychoneuroimmune outcomes in offspring brain include changes to microglia, cytokine/chemokine production, cell stress, and long-term immunoreactivity. These outcomes are altered by structural, anti-angiogenic/hypoxic, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases of the placenta. This fetal programming occurs via direct placental passage or production of factors which can act directly on fetal brain substrates, or indirectly via action of circulating factors on intermediates in the placenta. Placental neuroendocrine, vascular/angiogenic, immune, and extracellular vesicular mechanisms are detailed. These mechanisms interact within various placental and pregnancy conditions. An increased understanding of the placental origins of psychoneuroimmunology will yield dividends for human health. Identifying maternal and placental biomarkers for fetal neuroimmune health may also revolutionize early diagnosis and precision psychiatry, empowering patients to make the best healthcare decisions for their families. Targeting placental mechanisms may be a valuable approach for the prevention and mitigation of intergenerational, lifelong neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena B. Gumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr. Iowa City, IA, 52327, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Tong S, Benhalima K, Muglia L, Ozanne S. Novel insights from our special issue on maternal factors during pregnancy that influence maternal, fetal and childhood outcomes. BMC Med 2024; 22:79. [PMID: 38378546 PMCID: PMC10877916 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Louis Muglia
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
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