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Congiusta MC, Snyder C, Soukup JW, Apostolopoulos N. Novel Management of Masticatory Myositis in Three Dogs with a Selective Janus Kinase (JAK-1) Inhibitor. J Vet Dent 2024:8987564231219925. [PMID: 38192103 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231219925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Masticatory myositis (MM) is an inflammatory myopathy reported in dogs and is characterized by inflammation of the masticatory muscles (temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles). Immunosuppressive therapy is the current recommended treatment for MM and may involve glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, leflunomide, or a combination of these treatments that are slowly tapered to the lowest effective dose. However, side effects from multimodal medical therapy and complications associated with MM relapses have been reported. The purpose of this case series was to report oclacitinib as a treatment alternative to traditional medical management of MM. The intent of this alternative is to manage side effects from glucocorticoid use. Oclacitinib (1mg/kg per os q12h) was used solely for treatment of MM in three dogs. The dogs were followed up to >6 months after oclacitinib administration. An increase in oral range of motion, as determined by gape angle, was noted in all three dogs. However, a corresponding drop in antibody titers (2M fiber) did not occur. All dogs showed improvement in overall clinical management of MM, side effects from glucocorticoids, and clinical signs related to chronic prednisone use. Larger controlled trials with consistent measurements (interincisal distance, gape angle) and 2M fiber antibody titers are indicated to further assess validation of oclacitinib treatment of MM. The clinical outcome of all dogs was considered successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Congiusta
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher Snyder
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jason W Soukup
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Neoklis Apostolopoulos
- Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Opmeer Y, Grinwis GCM, Shelton GD, Rosati M, Alf V, Fieten H, Leegwater PAJ, Matiasek K, Mandigers PJJ. An Inflammatory Myopathy in the Dutch Kooiker Dog. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091508. [PMID: 37174546 PMCID: PMC10177195 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dutch Kooiker dog (het Nederlandse Kooikerhondje) is one of nine Dutch dog breeds. As of 1960, a number of heritable diseases have been noted in this breed. One is an inflammatory myopathy that emerged in 1972, with numbers of affected dogs gradually increasing during the last few decades. The objective of this paper is to describe clinical signs, laboratory results, electromyography and histopathology of the muscle biopsies of the affected dogs. Method: Both retrospectively as well as prospectively affected Kooiker dogs were identified and categorized using a Tiered level of Confidence. Results: In total, 160 Kooiker dogs-40 Tier I, 33 Tier II and 87 Tier III-were included. Clinical signs were (1) locomotory problems, such as inability to walk long distances, difficulty getting up, stiff gait, walking on eggshells; (2) dysphagia signs such as drooling, difficulty eating and/or drinking; or (3) combinations of locomotory and dysphagia signs. CK activities were elevated in all except for one dog. Histopathology revealed a predominant lymphohistiocytic myositis with a usually low and variable number of eosinophils, neutrophils and plasma cells. It is concluded that, within this breed, a most likely heritable inflammatory myopathy occurs. Further studies are needed to classify this inflammatory myopathy, discuss its treatment, and unravel the genetic cause of this disease to eradicate it from this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvet Opmeer
- Expertise Centre of Genetics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy C M Grinwis
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Alf
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Hille Fieten
- Expertise Centre of Genetics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A J Leegwater
- Expertise Centre of Genetics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul J J Mandigers
- Expertise Centre of Genetics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Prado-Checa I, Vet L, Navarro-Cubas X, Vet L. ECG of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:479-481. [PMID: 34388013 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.5.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hong HP, Thomovsky SA, Lewis MJ, Bentley RT, Shelton GD. Clinical characteristics of non-infectious inflammatory myopathy in the boxer dog. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:765-774. [PMID: 34002872 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment, outcome and potential association between non-infectious inflammatory myopathy and malignancy in boxer dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Boxer dogs histologically diagnosed with non-infectious inflammatory myopathy at the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, University of California San Diego from 2010 to 2018 and with complete medical records were included in this retrospective study. Signalment, history, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, treatment and outcome were documented. RESULTS Twenty-eight boxer dogs with non-infectious inflammatory myopathy, aged 1 to 11 years, were included. Eighteen were male (16 neutered; two entire) and 10 were female (seven spayed; three entire). Clinical signs included generalised weakness (n=17), dysphagia (n=11) and weight loss (n=10). Serum creatine kinase activity was elevated in all 20 cases tested (range 908 to 138,000 IU/L). One dog had undifferentiated round cell neoplastic infiltration within the muscle at the time of inflammatory myopathy diagnosis. Five dogs historically had mast cell tumours and 21 dogs were not diagnosed with neoplasia prior, at the time of or after inflammatory myopathy diagnosis. Treatment included glucocorticoid monotherapy (n=12), cyclosporine monotherapy (n=1) or multiple immune-suppressive medications (n=14). Six dogs neurologically improved, 11 improved but relapsed while on treatment, seven did not improve. Eight dogs were euthanased, one died, four were lost to follow-up. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Boxer dogs with non-infectious inflammatory myopathy can present for generalised weakness and dysphagia; long-term successful outcome is uncommon. The relationship between neoplasia and non-infectious inflammatory myopathy in boxer dogs remains unclear; future prospective studies evaluating a larger cohort are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Hong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - S A Thomovsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - M J Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - R T Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - G D Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Castejon-Gonzalez AC, Soltero-Rivera M, Brown DC, Reiter AM. Treatment Outcome of 22 Dogs With Masticatory Muscle Myositis (1999-2015). J Vet Dent 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0898756418813536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Medical records of dogs diagnosed with masticatory muscle myositis (MMM) at Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania during a period of 17 years (from 1999 to 2015) were reviewed. Twenty-two dogs were included in this retrospective case series study. Immunosuppressive doses of prednisone were prescribed to all dogs. Twenty dogs had full recovery of masticatory function. The mean (SD) improvement in the vertical mandibular range of motion (vmROM) was 5.3 (3.1) cm during the first 4 weeks of treatment (weeks 1-4) and 2.8 (2.2) cm during the subsequent 8 weeks (weeks 5-12). The vmROM continued to improve for several more months. Six dogs had a relapse, but the clinical signs were more severe in dogs when no longer receiving prednisone compared to dogs still on prednisone at the time of relapse. When diagnosed and treated appropriately, MMM has a good prognosis with relatively quick return to masticatory function. Early discontinuation of prednisone therapy should be avoided. Approximately 1 year of therapy is recommended prior to discontinuing the medication. Educating the client about how to perform muscle palpation, determine vmROM at home, recognize signs of pain, and notice behavioral changes may help in the early detection of relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Castejon-Gonzalez
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Soltero-Rivera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Alexander M. Reiter
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lorek A, Spencer SE, Dennis R. Magnetic resonance imaging of masticatory muscles in basset hounds. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:634-640. [PMID: 30014537 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe low- and high-field MRI characteristics of occult masticatory muscle lesions in basset hounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of the MR images of the heads of 44 basset hounds that had been imaged for reasons unrelated to suspected muscle disease. RESULTS In most basset hounds, there was reduced bulk of the superficial part of the temporalis and masseter muscles together with bilaterally symmetrical T2W and T1W hyperintense signal with reduced contrast enhancement compared to normal muscle. Interpretation of various pulse sequences suggested that the affected muscle areas contained adipose tissue with no evidence of inflammation, and this was confirmed on biopsy in one dog. This pattern of changes is different from MRI changes in inflammatory myopathies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Poor muscle bulk and MRI signal changes in the superficial parts of the temporalis and masseter muscles in basset hounds appear to be normal findings in this breed and should not be misinterpreted as evidence of an inflammatory myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lorek
- Animal Health Trust, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - S E Spencer
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - R Dennis
- Animal Health Trust, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
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Myotonia congenita in a Labrador Retriever with truncated CLCN1. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:597-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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