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Garcia Ribeiro M, da Silva CPC, Pchevuzinske LM, Portilho FVR, Siqueira AK, Takahira RK, Paschoal NR, de Souza AAL, Rodrigues CA, de Almeida BO, Bello TS, Filho MFÁ, de Lima Paz PJ, Dutra V, Nakazato L, Pereira NA, de Aguiar DM. Pleural effusion-related Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis coinfection in a dog. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2497-2504. [PMID: 37351788 PMCID: PMC10484848 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The coinfections by some microorganisms have been related to severe diseases in humans and animals, where immunosuppressive agents favor opportunistic behavior of other pathogens. A 4-month-old, female mixed-breed dog with a two-week history of inappetence, prostration, emaciation, and respiratory distress was admitted at a veterinary hospital in Brazil. Tachycardia, pale mucous membranes, severe respiratory distress, and a large number of ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.) in different body regions were observed at clinical examination. Hematological examination of dog showed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, mild anemia, and thrombocytopenia, whereas unremarkable values in biochemical tests. Thoracic radiography revealed a pleural effusion image. Blood and the pleural fluid (purulent aspect) samples were subjected to qPCR (16S rRNA and dsb genes) and sequencing, which identified Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys coinfection. An aggregate of coccoid-to-branching or long filamentous microorganisms, surrounded by pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction was seen at the cytology of the pleural fluid. Bacteriological culture of pleural effusion showed colonies compatible with the genus Nocardia, which revealed gram-positive filamentous organisms with a tendency of fragmentation and were identified as Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Therapy of N. otitidiscaviarum isolate using levofloxacin (supported by a previous in vitro susceptibility testing) and doxycycline for E. canis and A. platys resulted in complete resolution of the clinical picture. Here, we report for the first time a triple coinfection by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, A. platys, and E. canis in a dog with pleural effusion, where debilitating or immunosuppressive conditions induced by A. platys and E. canis coinfection probably contributed to the opportunistic behavior of N. otitidiscaviarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Marry Pchevuzinske
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Regina Kiomi Takahira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Natália Rodrigues Paschoal
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Thaís Spessotto Bello
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fagali Árabe Filho
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Patrik Júnior de Lima Paz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT Brazil
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT Brazil
| | - Nathalia Assis Pereira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT Brazil
| | - Daniel Moura de Aguiar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT Brazil
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Condas LAZ, de Farias MR, Siqueira AK, Salerno T, Chi KD, Werner J, de Vargas AC, Bond GB, Gonoi T, Matsuzawa T, Ribeiro MG. Molecular identification and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Nocardia isolated from 14 diseased dogs and cats. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1287-1294. [PMID: 37079272 PMCID: PMC10234972 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocardia are ubiquitous, saprophytic and opportunistic bacteria. They cause a set of pyogenic clinical infections in animals and humans, particularly immunocompromised patients, mostly affecting the skin and respiratory tract, with refractoriness to conventional therapy. The most descriptions of nocardial infections in companion animals involve case reports, and there are scarce case series studies focused on canine and feline nocardiosis in which diagnosis has been based on molecular techniques. We investigated epidemiological aspects, clinical findings, in vitro susceptibility profile, and molecular identification of Nocardia using PCR-based method targeted 16S rRNA gene in twelve dogs and two cats. Among dogs were observed cutaneous lesions (8/12 = 67%), pneumonia (3/12 = 25%), and encephalitis (2/12 = 17%), whereas cats developed cutaneous lesions and osteomyelitis. Nocardia and canine morbillivirus coinfection was described in six dogs (6/12 = 50%). A high mortality rate (6/8 = 75%) was seen among dogs. Three dogs (3/4 = 75%) and one cat (1/2 = 50%) with systemic signs (pneumonia, encephalitis, osteomyelitis), and 83% (5/6) of dogs with a history of concomitant morbillivirus infection died. N. nova (5/12 = 42%), N. cyriacigeorgica (3/12 = 25%), N. farcinica (2/12 = 17%), N. veterana (1/12 = 8%), and N. asteroides (1/12 = 8%) species were identified in dogs, whereas N. africana and N. veterana in cats. Among the isolates from dogs, cefuroxime (12/12 = 100%), amikacin (10/12 = 83%), gentamycin (10/12 = 83%), and imipenem (10/12 = 83%) were the most effective antimicrobials, whereas cefuroxime, cephalexin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, and gentamycin were efficient against isolates from cats. Multidrug resistance was observed in 36% (5/14) of isolates. We describe a variety of Nocardia species infecting dogs and cats, multidrug-resistant ones, and a high mortality rate, highlighting a poor prognosis of nocardiosis in companion animals, particularly among animals systemically compromised or coinfected by canine morbillivirus. Our study contributes to species identification, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile, clinical-epidemiological aspects, and outcome of natural Nocardia-acquired infections in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Anuska Zeni Condas
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, UniBrasil Centro Universitário, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Produção Animal e Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
| | | | - Amanda Keller Siqueira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Produção Animal e Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Salerno
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Produção Animal e Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Kung Darh Chi
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Juliana Werner
- Laboratório de Histopatologia Veterinária Werner & Werner, Curitiba, Brasil
| | | | - Guilherme Borges Bond
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, UniBrasil Centro Universitário, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Tohru Gonoi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Produção Animal e Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Zendri F, Richards-Rios P, Maciuca I, Ricci E, Timofte D. Disseminated Nocardiosis Caused by Nocardia farcinica in Two Puppy Siblings. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010028. [PMID: 36669029 PMCID: PMC9860694 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic nocardiosis due to Nocardia farcinica has not been reported in canine outbreaks. Two 14-week-old female Dogue de Bordeaux siblings presented with fever and severe, acute onset limb lameness; traumatic lesions with evidence of infection were identified over the lame limbs of both dogs. The patients were euthanised owing to lack of therapeutic response and rapid escalation to systemic infection with central nervous system manifestations. The post-mortem changes consisted of multiple disseminated abscesses, mainly affecting the skin and subcutis at the limb traumatic injuries, local and hilar lymph nodes, lung, kidney and brain. Bacterial culture and identification via MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA sequencing revealed Nocardia farcinica from several of these sites in both dogs. Clinical significance of the isolate was supported by cytology of the post-mortem organs' impression smears showing numerous branching filamentous bacteria associated with inflammation. The organism displayed marked multidrug-resistance. No history of immunosuppression was available, and immunohistochemistry ruled out viral pathogens as canine distemper and parvovirus. N. farcinica should be considered as a potential differential cause of sudden lameness and systemic infection in dogs with traumatic skin lesions over the limbs. This is the first reported small-scale outbreak of systemic nocardiosis in dogs due to N. farcinica.
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Sirireung N, Duangupama T, Suriyachadkun C, Thawai C. Nocardia acididurans sp. nov., an acid-tolerant actinobacterium isolated from bio-fertilizer of Musa species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34928201 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel acid-tolerant actinobacterium (strain LPG 2T), which formed fragmented substrate mycelia, was isolated from bio-fertiliser of Musa spp. collected from Lampang Province, Thailand. Its morphological and chemotaxonomic properties, e.g., the presence of mycolic acid and MK-8 (H4ω-cycl) in the cells, showed that strain LPG 2T was a member of the genus Nocardia. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that this strain was closely related to Nocardia otitidiscaviarum NBRC 14405T (98.7 %). The low average nucleotide identity-blast and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (<78.6 and <24.0 %, respectively), and several phenotypic differences between strain LPG 2T and its related Nocardia type strains, indicated that the strain merits classification as representing a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which we propose the name Nocardia acididurans sp. nov. The type strain is LPG 2T (=TBRC 11242T=NBRC 114293T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Narissara Sirireung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Thitikorn Duangupama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Chanwit Suriyachadkun
- Thailand Bioresource Research Center (TBRC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chitti Thawai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.,Actinobacterial Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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ITO S, HIRAI T, HAMABE S, SUBANGKIT M, OKABAYASHI T, GOTO Y, NISHIDA S, KURITA T, YAMAGUCHI R. Suppurative necrotizing bronchopneumonia caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica infection in a stranded striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:146-150. [PMID: 33310996 PMCID: PMC7870406 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
On a coastline in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, a wild subadult female striped dolphin was found dead. Necropsy revealed poor nutritional status and bilateral pneumonia, which was histologically diagnosed as severe suppurative necrotizing bronchopneumonia. Special staining detected numerous intralesional filamentous, branching bacteria, which was identified as Nocardia cyriacigeorgica by sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA and gyrB genes. Other main histological findings included lymphoid depletion in the spleen and superficial cervical and pulmonary lymph nodes. Suppurative nocardiosis without a granulomatous reaction is uncommon, and it is assumed its pathogenesis was related to the host's immune status. This paper discusses the variable inflammatory response to nocardiosis and describes the first case of N. cyriacigeorgica infection in a wild striped dolphin in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma ITO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-Kibana, Miyazaki 889-2192,
Japan
- Present address: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo,
1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya HIRAI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-Kibana, Miyazaki 889-2192,
Japan
| | - Saori HAMABE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-Kibana, Miyazaki
889-2192, Japan
| | - Mawar SUBANGKIT
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-Kibana, Miyazaki
889-2192, Japan
| | - Tamaki OKABAYASHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-Kibana, Miyazaki
889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka GOTO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-Kibana, Miyazaki
889-2192, Japan
| | - Shin NISHIDA
- Departments of Science Education, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-Kibana, Miyazaki 889-2192,
Japan
| | - Toshio KURITA
- NPO Miyazaki Cetacean Research Group, Higashi 2-22-1, Ikimedai, Miyazaki 880-0942, Japan
| | - Ryoji YAMAGUCHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-Kibana, Miyazaki 889-2192,
Japan
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Han HJ, Kwak MJ, Ha SM, Yang SJ, Kim JD, Cho KH, Kim TW, Cho MY, Kim BY, Jung SH, Chun J. Genomic characterization of Nocardia seriolae strains isolated from diseased fish. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00656. [PMID: 30117297 PMCID: PMC6436429 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Nocardia are widespread in diverse environments; a wide range of Nocardia species are known to cause nocardiosis in several animals, including cat, dog, fish, and humans. Of the pathogenic Nocardia species, N. seriolae is known to cause disease in cultured fish, resulting in major economic loss. We isolated two N. seriolae strains, CK‐14008 and EM15050, from diseased fish and sequenced their genomes using the PacBio sequencing platform. To identify their genomic features, we compared their genomes with those of other Nocardia species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that N. seriolae shares a common ancestor with a putative human pathogenic Nocardia species. Moreover, N. seriolae strains were phylogenetically divided into four clusters according to host fish families. Through genome comparison, we observed that the putative pathogenic Nocardia strains had additional genes for iron acquisition. Dozens of antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the genomes of N. seriolae strains; most of the antibiotics were involved in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of proteins or cell walls. Our results demonstrated the virulence features and antibiotic resistance of fish pathogenic N. seriolae strains at the genomic level. These results may be useful to develop strategies for the prevention of fish nocardiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Han
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Sung-Min Ha
- ChunLab Inc., Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of evolutionary bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jin Do Kim
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | | | | | - Mi Young Cho
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Sung-Hee Jung
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Jongsik Chun
- ChunLab Inc., Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of evolutionary bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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