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Trewin I, Kathrani A. Pre-illness dietary risk factors in dogs with chronic enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2093-2101. [PMID: 37743693 PMCID: PMC10658591 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary factors have been extensively studied as potential triggers of inflammatory bowel disease in humans. Scant literature exists regarding diet as a pre-illness risk factor in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE). HYPOTHESIS To evaluate possible pre-illness dietary risk factors in dogs with CE. ANIMALS Ninety-five client-owned dogs; 48 with CE (25 presumptive and 23 confirmed) and 47 without a history of signs of gastrointestinal disease. METHODS Retrospective case-control questionnaire-based study at a veterinary referral teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Diet history was obtained relating to the onset of initial presenting signs for all dogs. The main diet consumed underwent ingredient analysis and caloric distribution calculation using a guaranteed analysis convertor software. Length of time the main diet was fed and adherence to the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Nutrition Committee guidelines was also recorded. RESULTS The frequency of the main diet containing no carbohydrate was greater for controls (5/47 dogs, 11%) vs the combined presumptive and confirmed CE dogs (0/48 dogs, 0%; P = .05). Fewer dogs with confirmed CE were fed a main diet containing red meat as the primary protein source (2/23 dogs, 9%) vs controls (15/47 dogs, 32%; P = .03). A main diet moisture percentage of ≤14% as fed was significantly associated with confirmed CE in logistic regression analysis (OR 5.71 [95% CI: 1.18-27.69]; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The presence of dietary carbohydrate, protein source, and dietary moisture content, or factors related to moisture content such as preservatives, might play a role as potential pre-illness dietary risk factors in dogs with CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isla Trewin
- Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonEngland
| | - Aarti Kathrani
- Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonEngland
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Kępińska-Pacelik J, Biel W, Natonek-Wiśniewska M, Krzyścin P. Assessment of adulteration in the composition of dog food based on DNA identification by real-time PCR. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Biel W, Natonek-Wiśniewska M, Kępińska-Pacelik J, Kazimierska K, Czerniawska-Piątkowska E, Krzyścin P. Detection of chicken DNA in commercial dog foods. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:92. [PMID: 35264164 PMCID: PMC8905904 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND These days the number of potential food allergens is very large, but chicken is one of the most common allergens in dogs. Elimination diet is one of the clinical tools for the diagnosis of allergies and allergy tests are not very reliable. The restriction diet is most commonly carried out by feeding pet foods, relying on the ingredients on the label to select an elimination diet not containing previously eaten foods. Unfortunately, mislabeling of pet food is quite common. The purpose of this study was to determine the absence or presence of chicken DNA using both qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis methods in dry and wet maintenance complete pet foods for adult dogs. Results were used to verify the declared composition on the labels. RESULTS Eleven out of fifteen (73%) dog foods were produced as declared by the manufacturer, two of which showed the presence of chicken protein as stated on the label. The remaining nine foods contained amounts of chicken DNA below 1%, consistent with declarations that no chicken was added in the composition. Four of tested dog foods (27%) were not produced consistently with the declaration on the packaging. Two dog foods (one dry and one wet) did not contain the claimed chicken protein. In two foods the addition of chicken DNA was detected at the level of over 2% and almost 6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we focused on one of the most commonly undeclared animal species on the label-chicken protein-and performed DNA analyzes to investigate possible contamination and mislabeling. The results showed some inaccuracies. However, most of them are trace amounts below 1%, which proves compliance with the label. Our results showed that undeclared animal species can be as common as missing an animal protein declared on the label. The conducted research indicates that both dry and wet analyzed foods should not be recommended as a diagnostic tool in elimination tests, because it may result in false negative results. Over-the-counter maintenance foods for dogs should not be recommended for the diagnosis and treatment of food hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Biel
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 29 Klemensa Janickiego, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Natonek-Wiśniewska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1, Krakowska Street, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 29 Klemensa Janickiego, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kazimierska
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 29 Klemensa Janickiego, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska
- Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Krzyścin
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1, Krakowska Street, 32-083, Balice, Poland
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Marquez BP, Larsen JA, Fascetti AJ. Determination of Mammalian Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Commercial Canine Treats and Supplements. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:77-84. [PMID: 35195710 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Feeding an elimination diet exclusively is currently the only accurate diagnostic test for an adverse food reaction in dogs and cats. However, owner compliance has been identified as a challenge, and the inability to limit exposure to other items (including treats and supplements) is a remarkable reason for failure. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the presence of declared and undeclared mammalian deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in commercially available canine treats and supplements using polymerase chain reaction methodology. Eight treat products and 20 supplement products were analyzed for the DNA of 10 mammalian species (bison, cat, cow, dog, goat, horse, mouse, rat, pig, and sheep). The results showed that 88% (7/8) of treats and 40% (8/20) of supplements were found to contain at least one source of undeclared mammalian DNA. Undeclared pig and cow DNA were the most frequently identified, and there were only two instances of negative results for declared species. Because of the frequent finding of undeclared mammalian DNA in the assessed products, avoiding using treats and supplements during elimination trials is recommended.
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Forrest R, Awawdeh L, Esam F, Pearson M, Waran N. Potential Owner-Related Risk Factors That May Contribute to Obesity in Companion Dogs in Aotearoa New Zealand. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030267. [PMID: 35158591 PMCID: PMC8833804 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately a third of all Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) households include a dog, with 28% of these dogs being overweight or obese, conditions that are associated with many serious health issues. Therefore, healthy weight interventions that focus on the owner’s role are of great importance to companion animal welfare in NZ. Accordingly, the present study explores the feeding practices associated with NZ dogs and identifies potential owner-related risk factors contributing to these animals being overweight or obese. The current study used data collected from a survey conducted online in 2019 between January and March of NZ residents over 18. Along with demographic questions, the respondents were asked questions regarding their dog’s body condition and diet questions related to the body. Nearly a quarter (26%, n = 609) of the survey participants (n = 2358) owned at least one dog. The current study reported that increasing age range, household income and the number of children increased the likelihood of having a dog while increasing qualification level and living in a town/city decreased the likelihood. The majority of the respondents fed their dog(s) treats (59%) and 85% fed them specialised food bought from a pet shop, veterinary clinic and/or different online sources. Just over a third of the participant (39%) reported that they fed their dog(s) biscuits from the supermarket, 36% fed their dog(s) raw meat, and 34% of respondents fee their dog(s) table scraps/human food. These results suggest that many dog owners feed their dog(s) various food types, making it a challenging task to determine the exact amount required from each type in order not to exceed caloric intake. Disagreement regarding the correct body condition were reported among twenty per cent of the respondents. This finding indicates a knowledge gap among the NZ dog-owning population that may negatively affect their dogs’ welfare and wellbeing. Future research into pro-equity approaches to address these issues is needed so that dogs in NZ can live not only a good life but also their best life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Forrest
- Eastern Institute of Technology, Hawke’s Bay, 501 Gloucester Street, Taradale, Napier 4112, New Zealand; (M.P.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (L.A.); Tel.: +64-6974-8000 (R.F. & L.A.)
| | - Leena Awawdeh
- Eastern Institute of Technology, Hawke’s Bay, 501 Gloucester Street, Taradale, Napier 4112, New Zealand; (M.P.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (L.A.); Tel.: +64-6974-8000 (R.F. & L.A.)
| | - Fiona Esam
- Companion Animals New Zealand, Wellington 6141, New Zealand;
| | - Maria Pearson
- Eastern Institute of Technology, Hawke’s Bay, 501 Gloucester Street, Taradale, Napier 4112, New Zealand; (M.P.); (N.W.)
| | - Natalie Waran
- Eastern Institute of Technology, Hawke’s Bay, 501 Gloucester Street, Taradale, Napier 4112, New Zealand; (M.P.); (N.W.)
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Ricci R, Conficoni D, Morelli G, Losasso C, Alberghini L, Giaccone V, Ricci A, Andrighetto I. Correction to: Undeclared animal species in dry and wet novel and hydrolyzed protein diets for dogs and cats detected by microarray analysis. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:81. [PMID: 33588811 PMCID: PMC7885427 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ricci
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy. .,Vetekipp S.r.l., via della Croce Rossa 112, 35129, Padova, Italy.
| | - Daniele Conficoni
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giada Morelli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale Dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Leonardo Alberghini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valerio Giaccone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale Dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Igino Andrighetto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
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Huan H, Zhang K, He J, Zhang J. A DNA microarray assay for authenticating five important marine mammal species in food and feed. Food Chem 2021; 348:129136. [PMID: 33516996 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Material identification in processed and unprocessed food and feed is crucial for ensuring the safety and hygiene of food and feed products. Therefore, to identify possible marine mammal components in feed, we study developed a DNA microarray with species-specific oligonucleotide probes that enable the rapid identification of five important marine mammal species (dolphins, seals, sea lions, white whales, and finless porpoises). The assay was tested using five target marine mammal species, and the probe patterns were compared with those of three fish meals (for feed) to see if they contained traces of marine mammals. All five marine mammal species could be distinguished by the microarray, and no marine mammal-derived ingredients were detected in the three fish meals. This study indicates that DNA microarray-based detection is relatively easy and effective for identification of non-compliant marine mammal ingredients in seafood or feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Huan
- Huaiyin Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jian He
- Huaian Customs District, China
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Cox A, Defalque VE, Udenberg TJ, Barnum S, Wademan C. Detection of DNA from undeclared animal species in commercial canine and feline raw meat diets using qPCR. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2020; 61:977-984. [PMID: 32879524 PMCID: PMC7424926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The best diagnostic test for cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFR) in companion animals is an elimination diet and subsequent provocation trials. Many commercial diets contain novel protein ingredients used in elimination diets, and selection is based on label ingredients. Raw meat-based diets (RMBD) have become increasingly commercially available, gaining popularity despite potential health risks. Reliability of RMBD based on label ingredients has not been investigated. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), 9 canine and 9 feline commercial RMBD were assessed for reliability of species-specific animal DNA. Two separate batches of each diet were assessed for content consistency. The DNA of 1 or more unlisted animal species was identified in > 60% of diets, as was discrepancy between batches. The unlisted DNA most frequently detected was lamb in canine diets and turkey in feline diets. Based on these findings, use of commercially available RMBD cannot be recommended as an elimination diet in clinical diagnosis of CAFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Cox
- North West Veterinary Dermatology Services, Vancouver, British Columbia (Cox, Defalque, Udenberg); Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Barnum, Wademan)
| | - Vincent E Defalque
- North West Veterinary Dermatology Services, Vancouver, British Columbia (Cox, Defalque, Udenberg); Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Barnum, Wademan)
| | - Tyler J Udenberg
- North West Veterinary Dermatology Services, Vancouver, British Columbia (Cox, Defalque, Udenberg); Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Barnum, Wademan)
| | - Samantha Barnum
- North West Veterinary Dermatology Services, Vancouver, British Columbia (Cox, Defalque, Udenberg); Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Barnum, Wademan)
| | - Cara Wademan
- North West Veterinary Dermatology Services, Vancouver, British Columbia (Cox, Defalque, Udenberg); Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Barnum, Wademan)
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Meineri G, Candellone A, Dal Bello F, Gastaldi D, Medana C, Peiretti PG. Gluten contamination of canned and dry grain-free commercial pet foods determined by HPLC-HRMS. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1705190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Meineri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alessia Candellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Gastaldi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Medana
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Peiretti
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Animali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Grugliasco, Italy
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