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Du G, Zhang C, Cao X, Li L, Zhang Y, Shang Y, Wu J. Generation and application of immortalized sheep fetal fibroblast cell line. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:198. [PMID: 38745180 PMCID: PMC11092253 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sheep fetal fibroblasts (SFFCs) have emerged as a valuable resource for investigating the molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of orf viruses (ORFV). However, their utilization is considerably restricted due to the exorbitant expenses associated with their isolation and culture, their abbreviated lifespan, and the laborious procedure. RESULTS In our investigation, the primary SFFCs were obtained and immortalized by introducing a lentiviral recombinant plasmid containing the large T antigen from simian virus 40 (SV40). The expression of fibronectin and vimentin proteins, activity of SV40 large T antigen, cell proliferation assays, and analysis of programmed cell death revealed that the immortalized large T antigen SFFCs (TSFFCs) maintained the same physiological characteristics and biological functions as the primary SFFCs. Moreover, TSFFCs demonstrated robust resistance to apoptosis, extended lifespan, and enhanced proliferative activity compared to primary SFFCs. Notably, the primary SFFCs did not undergo in vitro transformation or exhibit any indications of malignancy in nude mice. Furthermore, the immortalized TSFFCs displayed live ORFV vaccine susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Immortalized TSFFCs present valuable in vitro models for exploring the characteristics of ORFV using various techniques. This indicates their potential for secure utilization in future studies involving virus isolation, vaccine development, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Du
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xiaoan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Jinyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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Obermeier PE, Buder SC, Hillen U. Pockenvirusinfektionen in der Dermatologie: Poxvirus infections in dermatology - the neglected, the notable, and the notorious. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:56-96. [PMID: 38212918 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15257_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Familie Poxviridae umfasst derzeit 22 Gattungen, die Wirbeltiere infizieren können. Humanpathogene Pockenviren gehören den Gattungen Ortho‐, Para‐, Mollusci‐ und Yatapoxvirus an. Bis zur Eradikation der Variola vera im Jahr 1979 waren die Pocken, im Volksmund auch Blattern genannt, eine schwerwiegende Gesundheitsbedrohung für die Bevölkerung. Noch heute sind Dermatologen mit zahlreichen Pockenvirusinfektionen konfrontiert, wie den Bauernhofpocken, die als Zoonosen nach Tierkontakten in ländlichen Gebieten oder nach Massenversammlungen auftreten können. In den Tropen können Erkrankungen durch Tanapox‐ oder Vaccinia‐Viren zu den Differenzialdiagnosen gehören. Dellwarzen sind weltweit verbreitet und werden in bestimmten Fällen als sexuell übertragbare Pockenvirusinfektion angesehen. In jüngster Zeit hatten sich Mpox (Affenpocken) zu einer gesundheitlichen Notlage von internationaler Tragweite entwickelt, die eine rasche Identifizierung und angemessene Behandlung durch Dermatologen und Infektiologen erfordert. Fortschritte und neue Erkenntnisse über Epidemiologie, Diagnose, klinische Manifestationen und Komplikationen sowie Behandlung und Prävention von Pockenvirusinfektionen erfordern ein hohes Maß an Fachwissen und interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit in den Bereichen Virologie, Infektiologie und Dermatologie. Dieser CME‐Artikel bietet einen aktualisierten systematischen Überblick, um praktizierende Dermatologen bei der Identifizierung, Differenzialdiagnose und Behandlung klinisch relevanter Pockenvirusinfektionen zu unterstützen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Obermeier
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Deutschland
- Abteilung für Infektionskrankheiten, Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Susanne C Buder
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Deutschland
- Konsiliarlabor für Gonokokken, Fachgebiet Sexuell übertragbare bakterielle Krankheitserreger, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Deutschland
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3
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Obermeier PE, Buder SC, Hillen U. Poxvirus infections in dermatology - the neglected, the notable, and the notorious. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:56-93. [PMID: 38085140 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The family Poxviridae currently comprises 22 genera that infect vertebrates. Of these, members of the Ortho-, Para-, Mollusci- and Yatapoxvirus genera have been associated with human diseases of high clinical relevance in dermatology. Historically, smallpox had been a notorious health threat until it was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1979. Today, dermatologists are confronted with a variety of poxviral infections, such as farmyard pox, which occurs as a zoonotic infection after contact with animals. In the tropics, tanapox or vaccinia may be in the differential diagnosis as neglected tropical dermatoses. Molluscum contagiosum virus infection accounts for significant disease burden worldwide and is classified as a sexually transmitted infection in certain scenarios. Recently, mpox (monkeypox) has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern, requiring rapid recognition and appropriate management by dermatologists and infectious disease specialists. Advances and new insights into the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and complications, treatment, and prevention of poxviral infections require a high level of expertise and interdisciplinary skills from healthcare professionals linking virology, infectious diseases, and dermatology. This CME article provides a systematic overview and update to assist the practicing dermatologist in the identification, differential diagnosis, and management of poxviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Obermeier
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Vivantes Hospital Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne C Buder
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Vivantes Hospital Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
- German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Unit Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens, Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Vivantes Hospital Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Li S, Jing T, Zhu F, Chen Y, Yao X, Tang X, Zuo C, Liu M, Xie Y, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li D, Li L, Gao S, Chen D, Zhao H, Ma W. Genetic Analysis of Orf Virus (ORFV) Strains Isolated from Goats in China: Insights into Epidemiological Characteristics and Evolutionary Patterns. Virus Res 2023; 334:199160. [PMID: 37402415 PMCID: PMC10410590 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Contagious ecthyma (CE) is an acute infectious zoonosis caused by orf virus (ORFV) that mainly infects sheep and goats and causes obvious lesions and low market value of livestock, resulting in huge economic losses for farmers. In this study, two strains of ORFV were isolated from Shaanxi Province and Yunnan Province in China, named FX and LX. The two ORFVs were located in the major clades of domestic strains respectively, and exhibited distinct sequence homology. We analyzed the genetic data of core genes (B2L, F1L, VIR, ORF109) and variable genes (GIF, ORF125 and vIL-10) of ORFV to investigate its epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics. The sequences from 2007 to 2018 constituted the majority of the viral population, predominantly concentrated in India and China. Most genes were clustered into SA00-like type and IA82-like type, and the hotspots in East and South Asia were identified in the ORFV transmission trajectories. For these genes, VIR had the highest substitution rate of 4.85 × 10-4, both VIR and vIL-10 suffered the positive selection pressure during ORFV evolution. Many motifs associated with viral survival were distributed among ORFVs. In addition, some possible viral epitopes have been predicted, which still require validation in vivo and in vitro. This work gives more insight into the prevalence and phylogenetic relationships of existing orf viruses and facilitate better vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Li
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Tian Jing
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xiaoting Yao
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xidian Tang
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Chenxiang Zuo
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yanfei Xie
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yuecai Jiang
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Dengliang Li
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Shikong Gao
- Shenmu Animal Husbandry Development Center, Shenmu, Shaanxi Province 719399, China
| | - Dekun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Wentao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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Rhazi H, Tifrouin I, Mikou K, Belayadi O, Safini N, Alhyane M, Tadlaoui KO, Lenk M, Elharrak M. Poxvirus sensitivity of a novel diploid sheep embryonic heart cell line. Arch Virol 2023; 168:232. [PMID: 37594542 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), camelpox virus (CPV), and orf virus (ORFV) are members of the family Poxviridae. These viruses are usually isolated or produced in embryonated eggs or primary cells because continuous cell lines are less sensitive to infection. Disadvantages of the use of eggs or primary cells include limited availability, potential endogenous contaminants, and a limited ability to perform multiple passages. In this study, we developed a diploid cell culture from sheep embryonic hearts (EHs) and demonstrated its high proliferative and long-term storage capacities. In addition, we demonstrated its sensitivity to representatives of three genera of the family Poxviridae: Capripoxvirus (LSDV), Orthopoxvirus (CPV), and Parapoxvirus (ORFV). The cell culture had a doubling time of 24 h and reached 40 passages with satisfactory yield. This is comparable to that observed in primary lamb testis (LT) cells at passage 5 (P5). After infection, each poxvirus titer was 7.0-7.6 log TCID50/mL for up to five passages and approximately 6.8, 6.4, and 5.6 for the three viruses at P6-P25, P30, and P40, respectively. The sensitivity of sheep EH cells to poxvirus infection did not decrease after long-term storage in liquid nitrogen and was higher than that of primary LT cells, which are used for capripoxvirus and parapoxvirus detection and growth, and Vero cells, which are used for orthopoxvirus detection and growth. Thus, EH diploid cells are useful for poxvirus isolation and production without embryonated eggs or primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Rhazi
- Laboratory of Functional and Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Sidi Mohammed, Ben Abdellah University, BP 2202, Imouzzer Road, Fez, Morocco.
- Laboratory of Research and Development Virology, MCI Animal Health, B.P: 278, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC), 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco.
| | - Ikram Tifrouin
- Laboratory of Research and Development Virology, MCI Animal Health, B.P: 278, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC), 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Karima Mikou
- Laboratory of Functional and Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Sidi Mohammed, Ben Abdellah University, BP 2202, Imouzzer Road, Fez, Morocco
| | - Oumaima Belayadi
- Laboratory of Research and Development Virology, MCI Animal Health, B.P: 278, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC), 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Najete Safini
- Laboratory of Research and Development Virology, MCI Animal Health, B.P: 278, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC), 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Meryem Alhyane
- Laboratory of Research and Development Virology, MCI Animal Health, B.P: 278, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC), 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Khalid Omari Tadlaoui
- Laboratory of Research and Development Virology, MCI Animal Health, B.P: 278, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC), 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Matthias Lenk
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Collection of Cell Lines in Veterinary Medicine, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Mehdi Elharrak
- Laboratory of Research and Development Virology, MCI Animal Health, B.P: 278, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC), 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
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6
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Du G, Wu J, Zhang C, Cao X, Li L, He J, Zhang Y, Shang Y. Generation and application of immortalized sertoli cell line from sheep testis. J Virol Methods 2023; 316:114727. [PMID: 36990185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Primary sheep testicular Sertoli cells (STSCs) are ideal for investigating the molecular and pathogenic processes of capripoxvirus. However, the high cost of isolation and culture of primary STSCs, time-consuming operation, and short lifespan greatly limit their real-world application. In our study, the primary STSCs were isolated and immortalized by transfection of a lentiviral recombinant plasmid containing simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen. Androgen-binding protein (ABP) and vimentin (VIM) protein expression, SV40 large T antigen activity, proliferation assays, and apoptosis analysis results showed that immortalized large T antigen STSCs (TSTSCs) still had the same physiological characteristics and biological functions as primary STSCs. Moreover, immortalized TSTSCs had strong anti-apoptosis ability, extended lifespan, and enhanced proliferative activity compared to primary STSCs, which had not transformed in vitro and showed any signs of malignancy phenotype in nude mice. Besides, immortalized TSTSCs were susceptible to goatpox virus (GTPV), lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), and Orf virus (ORFV). In conclusion, immortalized TSTSCs are useful in vitro models to study GTPV, LSDV, and ORFV in a wide range of ways, suggesting that it can be safely used in virus isolation, vaccine and drug screening studies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Du
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; Department of Veterinary Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Institute of Veterinary Research (CAAS), China
| | - Xiaoan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jijun He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
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Recent advances in diagnostic approaches for orf virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1515-1523. [PMID: 36723701 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV), the prototype species of the Parapoxvirus genus, is an important zoonotic virus, causing great economic losses in livestock production. At present, there are no effective drugs for orf treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop accurate and rapid diagnostic approaches for ORFV. Over decades, various diagnostic methods have been established, including conventional methods such as virus isolation and electron microscopy; serological methods such as virus neutralization test (VNT), immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay. This review provides an overview of currently available diagnostic approaches for ORFV and discusses their advantages and limitations and future perspectives, which would be significantly helpful for ORFV early diagnosis and surveillance to prevent outbreak of orf. KEY POINTS: • Orf virus emerged and reemerged in past years • Rapid and efficient diagnostic approaches are needed and critical for ORFV detection • Novel and sensitive diagnostic methods are required for ORFV detection.
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Sun S, Zhao K, Lu H, Liu X, Li Y, Li Q, Song D, Lan Y, He W, Gao F, Li Z, Guan J. Establishment of a sheep immortalization cell line for generating and amplifying Orf virus recombinants. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1062908. [PMID: 36619965 PMCID: PMC9813594 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1062908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) causes highly contagious vesiculoulcerative pustular and skin lesions in ruminants like sheep. Developing ORFV-based recombinant vaccine is a potential way to combat Orf disease. Although ORFV could propagate in some kinds of primary cells, the proliferative capacity of primary cells is limited. Therefore, establishing immortalized stable cell line is an effective and affordable way for the production of live ORFV vaccine. In the present study, we introduced a telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene-expressing cassette into primary ovine fetal turbinate (OFTu) cells, then selected and expanded the cells, which was considered as immortalized OFTu cell line. Our results showed that TERT introduction has successfully expended the lifespan of OFTu cell line over 80 passages, without changing the cellular morphology, affecting chromosomes karyotype and inducing the cellular tumorigenic ability. Immortalized OFTu cell line-derived ORFV has caused similar levels of cytopathic effects (CPE), viral titers and viral particles when compared with the ORFV from primary OFTu cell. Importantly, immortalized OFTu cell line was suitable for generating gene-modified ORFV recombinant through homologous recombination, and for the amplification of ORFV recombinant. In summary, an immortalized OFTu cell line was established and characterized, which could be a powerful tool for preparing ORFV recombinant vaccines.
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Mangga HK, Bala JA, Balakrishnan KN, Bukar AM, Lawan Z, Gambo A, Jesse FFA, Noordin MM, Mohd-Azmi ML. Genome-Wide Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Orf Virus Strain UPM/HSN-20 Isolated From Goat in Malaysia. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:877149. [PMID: 35898905 PMCID: PMC9309513 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.877149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious ecthyma commonly known as Orf is a globally important, highly contagious zoonotic, transboundary disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants. The disease is of great economic significance causing an immense impact on animal health, welfare, productivity, and trade. Detailed analysis of the viral genome is crucial to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of Orf virus (ORFV) pathogenesis. In the present study, a confluent monolayer of lamb testicle cells was infected with the processed scab sample obtained from an infected goat. The presence of the virus was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction and electron microscopy, while its genome was sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The genome sequence of Malaysian ORFV strain UPM/HSN-20 was found to contain 132,124 bp with a G + C content of 63.7%. The homology analysis indicates that UPM/HSN-20 has a high level of identity 97.3–99.0% with the other reference ORFV strain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ORFV strain UPM/HSN-20 is genetically more closely related to ORFV strain XY and NP from China. The availability of the genome-wide analysis of ORFV UPM/HSN-20 strain from Malaysia will serve as a good platform for further understanding of genetic diversity, ORFV infection, and strategic development for control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassana Kyari Mangga
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Hassana Kyari Mangga,
| | - Jamilu Abubakar Bala
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Alhaji Modu Bukar
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Zaharaddeen Lawan
- Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Nigeria
| | - Auwal Gambo
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha M. Noordin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd-Lila Mohd-Azmi
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Mohd-Lila Mohd-Azmi,
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Kassa T. A Review on Human Orf: A Neglected Viral Zoonosis. Res Rep Trop Med 2021; 12:153-172. [PMID: 34267574 PMCID: PMC8275206 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s306446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiologic agent of Orf or ecthyma contagiosum in humans but primarily affects different domestic and wild animals. The disease mostly affects sheep, goats and other small wild ruminants and spreads to humans through direct contact with infected animals or by way of contaminated fomites worldwide. ORFV is taxonomically classified as a member of the genus Parapoxvirus. It is known to have tolerance to inactivation in a drier environment, and it has been recovered from crusts after several months to years. Among immunocompetent people, the lesions usually resolve by its natural course within a maximum of 8 weeks. In immunosuppressed patients, however, it needs the use of various approaches including antiviral, immune modifier or minor surgical excisions. The virus through its association with divergent host ranges helps to develop a mechanism to evade the immune system. The relative emergence of Orf, diagnosed on clinical ground among human cases, in unusual frequencies in southwest Ethiopia between October 2019 and May 2020, was the driver to write this review. The objective was to increase health care providers' diagnostic curiosity and to bring the attentiveness of public health advisors for prevention, control and the development of schemes for surveillance of Orf zoonosis in a similar setting like Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Kassa
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Lawal N, Ibrahim M, Onawala DA, Bello MB, Aliyu RM, Baraya YS, Aliyu A, Ibrahim AM, Sa'adu A. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of orf virus isolated from goats in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO700. [PMID: 34046202 PMCID: PMC8147748 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize orf virus isolated from clinical infections in goats in Sokoto metropolis. Materials & methods: Embryonated chicken eggs were used to isolate orf virus according to the established protocol. Viral DNA was extracted and full coding region of B2L gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced and blasted for identification and phylogenetically analyzed. Results and discussion: The B2L gene sequences of the isolate showed slight variability (96–98.7%) with the reference sequences as it clustered within the same clade with Korean, Zambian and Ethiopian strains, signifying a close genetic relationship. Unique amino acid substitutions were noted. This is the first genetic characterization of B2L gene of orf virus circulating in Nigeria. Conclusion: This study has provided in sight into the genetic diversity of orf virus in the study area. Contagious ecthyma has for long been affecting the goat and sheep population in Nigeria leading to huge economic losses to livestock farmers through death and poor market value of the affected animals. Recently, increased death due to this disease has been reported in north-central Nigeria, but the nature of the disease-causing agent has not been reported yet. It is the aim of this study to understand the nature of the virus causing the disease in goats in Sokoto using molecular biology techniques so as to facilitate better vaccine design for the effective control of the disease in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafi'u Lawal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mubarak Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Dauda Ayomide Onawala
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.,Center for Advance Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Rabiu Muhammad Aliyu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Yusha'u Shu'aibu Baraya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Aliyu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Musawa Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Sa'adu
- Department of Animal Health & Production Technology, College of Agriculture & Animal Science, Wurno, Sokoto, Nigeria
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