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Landman WJM, van Eck JHH, Heuvelink AE. Interference between Escherichia coli genotypes from the E. coli peritonitis syndrome given simultaneously to productive SPF White Leghorn hens by intratracheal inoculation. Avian Pathol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38516984 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2334683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS All four or only two E. coli genotypes were found in groups of hens given mixes of four genotypes.In contrast, only one genotype was found in individual hens.E. coli genotypes interfere with each other in hens after given as a mix.Interference is likely based on a random process.Broad protection can best be assessed by challenging with single genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J H H van Eck
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Tchesnokova V, Larson L, Basova I, Sledneva Y, Choudhury D, Solyanik T, Heng J, Bonilla TC, Pham S, Schartz EM, Madziwa LT, Holden E, Weissman SJ, Ralston JD, Sokurenko EV. Increase in the community circulation of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli despite reduction in antibiotic prescriptions. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:110. [PMID: 37567971 PMCID: PMC10421857 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community circulating gut microbiota is the main reservoir for uropathogenic Escherichia coli, including those resistant to antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin had been the primary antibiotic prescribed for urinary tract infections, but its broad use has been discouraged and steadily declined since 2015. How this change in prescriptions affected the community circulation of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli is unknown. METHODS We determined the frequency of isolation and other characteristics of E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin in 515 and 1604 E. coli-positive fecal samples collected in 2015 and 2021, respectively. The samples were obtained from non-antibiotic-taking women of age 50+ receiving care in the Kaiser Permanente Washington healthcare system. RESULTS Here we show that despite a nearly three-fold drop in the prescription of ciprofloxacin between 2015 and 2021, the rates of gut carriage of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli increased from 14.2 % to 19.8% (P = .004). This is driven by a significant increase of isolates from the pandemic multi-drug resistant clonal group ST1193 (1.7% to 4.2%; P = .009) and isolates with relatively few ciprofloxacin-resistance determining chromosomal mutations (2.3% to 7.4%; P = .00003). Though prevalence of isolates with the plasmid-associated ciprofloxacin resistance dropped (59.0% to 30.9%; P = 2.7E-06), the isolates co-resistance to third generation cephalosporins has increased from 14.1% to 31.5% (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Despite reduction in ciprofloxacin prescriptions, community circulation of the resistant uropathogenic E. coli increased with a rise of co-resistance to third generation cephalosporins. Thus, to reduce the rates of urinary tract infections refractory to antibiotic treatment, greater focus should be on controlling the resistant bacteria in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Tchesnokova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lydia Larson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Irina Basova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yulia Sledneva
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Debarati Choudhury
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Thalia Solyanik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Heng
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Teresa Christina Bonilla
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sophia Pham
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ellen M Schartz
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, 2715 Naches Ave. SW, Renton, WA, 98057, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101-1466, USA
| | - Lawrence T Madziwa
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, 2715 Naches Ave. SW, Renton, WA, 98057, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101-1466, USA
| | - Erika Holden
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, 2715 Naches Ave. SW, Renton, WA, 98057, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101-1466, USA
| | - Scott J Weissman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 1100 Olive Way Tutor Center, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - James D Ralston
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, 2715 Naches Ave. SW, Renton, WA, 98057, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101-1466, USA
| | - Evgeni V Sokurenko
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Tchesnokova V, Larson L, Basova I, Sledneva Y, Choudhury D, Heng J, Solyanik T, Bonilla T, Pham S, Schartz E, Madziwa L, Holden E, Weissman S, Ralston J, Sokurenko E. Increase in the Rate of Gut Carriage of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli despite a Reduction in Antibiotic Prescriptions. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2426668. [PMID: 36712036 PMCID: PMC9882669 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2426668/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background : Fluoroquinolone use for urinary tract infections has been steadily declining. Gut microbiota is the main reservoir for uropathogenic Escherichia coli but whether the carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli has been changing is unknown. Methods . We determined the frequency of isolation and other characteristics of E. coli nonsuceptible to fluoroquinolones (at ³0.5 mg/L of ciprofloxacin) in 515 and 1605 E. coli -positive fecal samples collected in 2015 and 2021, respectively, from non-antibiotic- taking women of age 50+ receiving care in the Seattle area Kaiser Permanente Washington healthcare system. Results . Between 2015 and 2021 the prescription of fluoroquinolones dropped nearly three-fold in the study population. During the same period, the rates of gut carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli increased from 14.4 % to 19.9% (P=.005), driven by a significant increase of isolates from the recently emerged, pandemic multi-drug resistant clonal group ST1193 (1.7% to 4.3%; P=.007) and those with an incomplete set of or no fluoroquinolone-resistance determining mutations (2.3% to 7.5%; P<.001). While prevalence of the resistance-associated mobile genes among the isolates dropped from 64.1% to 32.6% (P<.001), co-resistance to third generation cephalosporins has increased 21.5% to 33.1%, P=.044). Conclusion . Despite reduction in fluoroquinolone prescriptions, gut carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant uropathogenic E. coli increased with a rise of previously sporadic lineages and co-resistance to third generation cephalosporins. Thus, to reduce the rates of antibiotic resistant urinary tract infections, greater focus should be on controlling the gut carriage of resistant bacteria.
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Bacteriocin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Farm Animals: Prevalence, Molecular Characterization and Potential for Application. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081558. [PMID: 36013976 PMCID: PMC9413453 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, new alternatives to antibiotics and ways to prevent infections are being sought. Bacteriocin-producing bacteria are therefore attracting attention due to their probiotic potential as a safe alternative to antimicrobial drugs. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of bacteriocin-encoded genes among Escherichia coli strains from healthy farm animals and to characterize the presence of virulence-associated genes, the possibility of prophage induction, and hemolytic and bacterial antagonistic activity of the bacteriocin-producing E. coli in order to reveal their potential for application. It was found that 17 of 72 E. coli strains (23.6%) produced bacteriocins. Among them, 18 out of 30 bacteriocin genes were detected: the most prevalent genes were those for microcin M (58.8%), colicin E1 (52.9%), and colicin M (35.3%). Colicin Ia (29.4%), colicin E9, colicin Ib, colicin B (23.5%), and colicin E9 (17.7%) genes were also frequent, while the prevalence of genes encoding microcins V, B17, and H47 and colicins E3, K, N, U, Y, 5, and 10 did not exceed 11.8%. At least two different bacteriocin genes were detected in all 17 bacteriocinogenic strains; the highest number of different bacteriocin genes detected in one strain was seven genes. E. coli strains with combinations of colicin E1 and E or microcin M and colicin E1 genes were more prevalent than others (17.7%). Among the 17 bacteriocin-producing E. coli strains, 5.9% were hemolytic, 47.1% contained prophages, and 58.8% carried genes encoding toxins. Cell-free supernatants of bacteriocin-producing strains were shown to inhibit the growth of pathogenic E. coli strains belonging to the APEC, STEC, and ETEC pathotypes. Thus, among the studied bacteriocin-producing E. coli isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals, three strains with high antagonistic bacterial activity and the absence of pathogenicity genes, prophages, and hemolytic activity were identified and therefore have potential for application.
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Bibbal D, Ruiz P, Sapountzis P, Mazuy-Cruchaudet C, Loukiadis E, Auvray F, Forano E, Brugère H. Persistent Circulation of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 in Cattle Farms: Characterization of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains and Fecal Microbial Communities of Bovine Shedders and Non-shedders. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852475. [PMID: 35411306 PMCID: PMC8994043 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle are carriers, without clinical manifestations, of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 responsible for life-threatening infections in humans. A better identification of factors playing a role in maintaining persistence of such strains in cattle is required to develop more effective control measures. Hence, we conducted a study to identify farms with a persistent circulation of EHEC O157:H7. The EHEC O157:H7 herd status of 13 farms, which had previously provided bovine EHEC O157:H7 carriers at slaughter was investigated. Two farms were still housing positive young bulls, and this was true over a 1-year period. Only one fecal sample could be considered from a supershedder, and 60% of the carriers shed concentrations below 10 MPN/g. Moreover, EHEC O157:H7 represented minor subpopulations of E. coli. PFGE analysis of the EHEC O157:H7 strains showed that persistent circulation was due either to the persistence of a few predominant strains or to the repeated exposure of cattle to various strains. Finally, we compared fecal microbial communities of shedders (S) (n = 24) and non-shedders (NS) (n = 28), including 43 young bulls and nine cows, from one farm. Regarding alpha diversity, no significant difference between S vs. NS young bulls (n = 43) was observed. At the genus level, we identified 10 amplicon sequence variant (ASV) indicators of the S or NS groups. The bacterial indicators of S belonged to the family XIII UCG-001, Slackia, and Campylobacter genera, and Ruminococcaceae NK4A21A, Lachnospiraceae-UGC-010, and Lachnospiraceae-GCA-900066575 groups. The NS group indicator ASVs were affiliated to Pirellulaceae-1088-a5 gut group, Anaerovibrio, Victivallis, and Sellimonas genera. In conclusion, the characteristics enhancing the persistence of some predominant strains observed here should be explored further, and studies focused on mechanisms of competition among E. coli strains are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Bibbal
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Ruiz
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Christine Mazuy-Cruchaudet
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, National Reference Laboratory for E. coli (including VTEC), Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Université de Lyon, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Research Group on Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Estelle Loukiadis
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, National Reference Laboratory for E. coli (including VTEC), Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Université de Lyon, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Research Group on Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Frédéric Auvray
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Evelyne Forano
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hubert Brugère
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Parker JK, Davies BW. Microcins reveal natural mechanisms of bacterial manipulation to inform therapeutic development. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168:001175. [PMID: 35438625 PMCID: PMC10233263 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microcins are an understudied and poorly characterized class of antimicrobial peptides. Despite the existence of only 15 examples, all identified from the Enterobacteriaceae, microcins display diversity in sequence, structure, target cell uptake, cytotoxic mechanism of action and target specificity. Collectively, these features describe some of the unique means nature has contrived for molecules to cross the 'impermeable' barrier of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane and inflict cytotoxic effects. Microcins appear to be widely dispersed among different species and in different environments, where they function in regulating microbial communities in diverse ways, including through competition. Growing evidence suggests that microcins may be adapted for therapeutic uses such as antimicrobial drugs, microbiome modulators or facilitators of peptide uptake into cells. Advancing our biological, ecological and biochemical understanding of the roles of microcins in bacterial interactions, and learning how to regulate and modify microcin activity, is essential to enable such therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan William Davies
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Huang J, Zhao Z, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Zhang S, Chen M, Qiu H, Cao Y, Li B. Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals Distinct Evolutionary Trajectories of the Fluoroquinolones-Resistant Escherichia coli ST1193 From Fuzhou, China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746995. [PMID: 34803966 PMCID: PMC8602892 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) ST1193 is an emerging fluoroquinolones-resistant and virulent lineage. Large gaps remain in our understanding of the evolutionary processes and differences of this lineage. Therefore, we used 76 E. coli ST1193 genomes to detect strain-level genetic diversity and phylogeny of this lineage globally. All E. coli ST1193 possessed fimH64, filCH5, and fumC14. There was 94.7% of isolates classified as O-type O75. There was 9.33% of E. coli ST1193 that possessed K5 capsular, while 90.67% of isolates possessed K1 capsular. The core genome analysis revealed that all isolates were divided into two phylogenetic clades (clade A and B). Clade A included 25 non-Chinese E. coli ST1193, and clade B contained all isolates collected from Fuzhou, China, respectively. The results of comparative genomics indicated Indels were identified in 150 clade-specific genes, which were enriched into the biological process and molecular function. Accessory genome phylogenetic tree showed a high degree of correlation between accessory genome clusters and core genome clades. There was significant difference in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) [bla CTX-M-55 , bla TEM-1 , sul2, tet(B), tet(R), APH(6)-Id, and AAC(3)-IId], virulence factors (cia, neuC, gad, and traT), and plasmid replicon types (IncQ1, Col156, and IncB/O/K/Z) between clade A (non-Chinese isolates) and clade B (Chinese isolates) (p < 0.05). Further analysis of the genetic environments of bla CTX-M-55 demonstrated that the flanking contexts of bla CTX-M-55 were diverse. In conclusion, our results reveal the distinct evolutionary trajectories of the spread of E. coli ST1193 in Fuzhou, China and non-China regions. This supports both global transmission and localized lineage expansion of this lineage following specific introductions into a geographic locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqing Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengcen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingping Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Synthesis of Escherichia coli OmpA Oral Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Immune Functions against the Major Etiologic Agent of Cow Mastitis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030304. [PMID: 33807110 PMCID: PMC8005184 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a major etiologic agent of cow mastitis, a condition that results in huge economic losses. There is a lack of an oral vaccine for cow mastitis. Previous studies have confirmed that the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of E. coli is immunogenic and can be used for vaccine design. In the present study, OmpA was encapsulated into nanoparticles (NP-OmpA) for an oral vaccine for cow mastitis. Methods: OmpA was purified with Ni-NTA flow resin and encapsulated with chitosan (CS) to prepare NP-OmpA nanoparticles. The gastrointestinal tract was simulated in vitro (PBS, pH 1.2) to measure the protein release rate. The optimal preparation conditions for NP-OmpA were determined by analyzing the concentrations of OmpA and CS, magnetic mixing speed, mixing time, and the ratio of tripolyphosphate (TPP)/CS (w/w). NP-OmpA safety was assessed by function factors and histopathological examination of livers and kidneys. The immune activity of NP-OmpA was determined using qRT-PCR to assess immune-related gene expression, leukocyte phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus, ELISA to evaluate antiserum titer and immune recognition of E. coli, and the organ index. The immune protection function of NP-OmpA was assessed by the protection rate of NP-OmpA to E. coli in mice, qRT-PCR for inflammation-related gene expression, assay kits for antioxidant factors, and visceral injury in the histopathological sections. Results: NP-OmpA nanoparticles had a diameter of about 700 nm, loading efficiency (LE) of 79.27%, and loading capacity (LC) of 20.31%. The release rate of NP-OmpA (0~96 h) was less than 50% in vitro. The optimal preparation conditions for NP-OmpAs were OmpA protein concentration of 2 mg/mL, CS concentration of 5 mg/mL, TPP/CS (w/w) of 1:1, magnetic mixing speed of 150 r/min, and mixing time of 15 min. Histopathological sections and clinical analytes of uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) showed NP-OmpA did not damage mice livers or kidneys. NP-OmpA could enhance the immune-related gene expression of IFN-γ and HSP70 in the spleen, liver, and kidney and the leukocyte phagocytosis of S. aureus. The antiserum titer (1:3200) was obtained from mice immunized with NP-OmpA, which had an immune recognition effect to E. coli. The immune protection rate of NP-OmpA was 71.43% (p < 0.05) to E. coli. NP-OmpA could down-regulate the inflammation-related gene expression of TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-10 in the spleen, liver, and kidney, and the antioxidant factors MDA and SOD in the liver, and reduce injury in the liver and kidney of mice induced by E. coli. Conclusions: A novel NP-OmpA nanoparticle was encapsulated, and the optimal preparation conditions were determined. The NP-OmpA was safe and had good immune functions. They are expected to induce a response that resists infection with the major etiologic agent (E. coli) of cow mastitis.
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Paquette SJ, Reuter T. Escherichia coli: Physiological Clues Which Turn On the Synthesis of Antimicrobial Molecules. Vet Sci 2020; 7:E184. [PMID: 33233401 PMCID: PMC7712815 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic pathogens, like Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are a food safety and health risk. To battle the increasing emergence of virulent microbes, novel mitigation strategies are needed. One strategy being considered to combat pathogens is antimicrobial compounds produced by microbes, coined microcins. However, effectors for microcin production are poorly understood, particularly in the context of complex physiological responses along the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Previously, we identified an E. coli competitor capable of producing a strong diffusible antimicrobial with microcin-associated characteristics. Our objective was to examine how molecule production of this competitor is affected by physiological properties associated with the GIT, namely the effects of carbon source, bile salt concentration and growth phase. Using previously described liquid- and agar-based assays determined that carbon sources do not affect antimicrobial production of E. coli O103F. However, bile salt concentrations affected production significantly, suggesting that E. coli O103F uses cues along the GIT to modulate the expression of antimicrobial production. Furthermore, E. coli O103F produces the molecule during the exponential phase, contrary to most microcins identified to date. The results underscored the importance of experimental design to identify producers of antimicrobials. To detect antimicrobials, conventional microbiological methods can be a starting point, but not the gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jo Paquette
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada;
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada
| | - Tim Reuter
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada;
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada
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Mazurek-Popczyk J, Pisarska J, Bok E, Baldy-Chudzik K. Antibacterial Activity of Bacteriocinogenic Commensal Escherichia coli against Zoonotic Strains Resistant and Sensitive to Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E411. [PMID: 32679778 PMCID: PMC7400030 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance concerns various areas with high consumption of antibiotics, including husbandry. Resistant strains are transmitted to humans from livestock and agricultural products via the food chain and may pose a health risk. The commensal microbiota protects against the invasion of environmental strains by secretion of bacteriocins, among other mechanisms. The present study aims to characterize the bactericidal potential of bacteriocinogenic Escherichia coli from healthy humans against multidrug-resistant and antibiotic-sensitive strains from pigs and cattle. Bacteriocin production was tested by the double-layer plate method, and bacteriocin genes were identified by the PCR method. At least one bacteriocinogenic E. coli was detected in the fecal samples of 55% of tested individuals, adults and children. Among all isolates (n = 210), 37.1% were bacteriocinogenic and contained genes of colicin (Col) Ib, ColE1, microcin (Mcc) H47, ColIa, ColM, MccV, ColK, ColB, and single ColE2 and ColE7. Twenty-five E. coli carrying various sets of bacteriocin genes were further characterized and tested for their activity against zoonotic strains (n = 60). Strains with ColE7 (88%), ColE1-ColIa-ColK-MccH47 (85%), MccH47-MccV (85%), ColE1-ColIa-ColM (82%), ColE1 (75%), ColM (67%), and ColK (65%) were most active against zoonotic strains. Statistically significant differences in activity toward antibiotic-resistant strains were shown by commensal E. coli carrying MccV, ColK-MccV, and ColIb-ColK. The study demonstrates that bacteriocinogenic commensal E. coli exerts antagonistic activity against zoonotic strains and may constitute a defense line against multidrug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mazurek-Popczyk
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland; (J.P.); (E.B.); (K.B.-C.)
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Paquette SJ, Reuter T. Properties of an Antimicrobial Molecule Produced by an Escherichia coli Champion. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 9:E6. [PMID: 31877806 PMCID: PMC7168273 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, the number and frequency of severe pathogen infections have been increasing. Pathogen mitigation strategies in human medicine or in livestock operations are vital to combat emerging arsenals of bacterial virulence and defense mechanisms. Since the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, the competitive nature of bacteria has been considered for the potential treatment or mitigation of pathogens. Previously, we identified a strong E. coli competitor with probiotic properties producing a diffusible antimicrobial molecule(s) that inhibited the growth of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Our current objective was to isolate and examine the properties of this antimicrobial molecule(s). Molecules were isolated by filter sterilization after 12 h incubation, and bacterial inhibition was compared to relevant controls. Isolated antimicrobial molecule(s) and controls were subjected to temperature, pH, or protease digestion treatments. Changes in inhibition properties were evaluated by comparing the incremental cell growth in the presence of treated and untreated antimicrobial molecule(s). No treatment affected the antimicrobial molecule(s) properties of STEC inhibition, suggesting that at least one molecule produced is an efficacious microcin. The molecule persistence to physiochemical and enzymatic treatments could open a wide window to technical industry-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jo Paquette
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, #100-5401 1st Ave. South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada
| | - Tim Reuter
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, #100-5401 1st Ave. South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada;
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