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Ahmed DAA, Sadiek Y, Eldin MS, Ibrahim RS, Amen O, Abodalal SESA. Evaluation of comparative effect between aluminum hydroxide gel and montanide (ISA 70) in potency and protection of locally prepared rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) vaccines in rabbits. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:407. [PMID: 39261948 PMCID: PMC11389503 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is an acute infectious disease that damages the rabbit industry by producing significant mortality rates in young and adult rabbits. RHD is better controlled by vaccination. OBJECTIVE The current study's goal was to prepare and evaluate the immuno-enhancing effect of montanide ISA70 and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) gel incorporated within the inactivated RHDV2 vaccine and assess the vaccine's protective efficacy against the homologous and heterologous local RHDV2 strains in rabbits. METHODS Inactivated RHDV vaccines were prepared using Montanide ISA70 oil or Al(OH)3 gel adjuvants and submitted to sterility, safety, and potency tests. 200 rabbits were equally divided into 4 groups: G1 (control), G2 (vaccinated with gel-incorporated vaccine), G3 (vaccinated with montanide-incorporated vaccine), and G4 (vaccinated with gel- and montanide-incorporated vaccines). Individual blood samples were collected from one week to six months from all groups. The vaccine's potency was measured by the HI test and protection percentage post challenge. RESULTS Data revealed slightly increasing HI titer means reaching the 1st peak at 4 weeks post-vaccination (7.33, 7.67, and 7.33 log2 in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups, respectively), then slightly decreasing and peaked again, giving 9.33 log2 for the2nd group at 3 months post-vaccination (MPV), 10.67 log2 for 3rd the group, and 10.33 log2 for the 4th group at 5 months post-vaccination. Titer gradually decreased but remained protective. The protection rate ranged from 80-100% and 80-90% for homologous and heterologous local RHDV2 vaccines, respectively, within 3 weeks and 6 months post-challenge. The montanide oil RHDV2 vaccine induced better protection than the aluminum gel RHDV2 vaccine. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated evidence of cross-protection between RHDV2 strains. The oil emulsion vaccine induced higher and longer-lasting antibody titers than those obtained with the RHDV2 aluminum gel vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Abd Alrahman Ahmed
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Yasmin Sadiek
- Colleague, Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Saif Eldin
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ragab S Ibrahim
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omar Amen
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Samah El Sayed Ali Abodalal
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Cairo, 11381, Egypt
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Qi R, Meng C, Zhu J, Li H, Miao Q, Tang J, Tang A, Guo H, Liu C, Li C, Chen Z, Wang F, Zhang Q, Liu G. The outbreak of rabbit hemorrhagic virus type 2 in the interior of China may be related to imported semen. Virol Sin 2022; 37:623-626. [PMID: 35513269 PMCID: PMC9437509 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified one RHD case caused by a new RHDV variant (GI.2) in China through HA, TEM, and genome sequencing. This is the first study to demonstrate that GI.2 can replicate efficiently in the reproductive system. Our evidence suggests that GI.2 might be introduced into China by contaminated rabbit semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Qi
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hang Li
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiuhong Miao
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jingyu Tang
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Aoxing Tang
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hongyuan Guo
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chuncao Liu
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chuanfeng Li
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zongyan Chen
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qinwen Zhang
- Veterinary Medicine Department of Agricultural and Animal College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China,Corresponding authors.
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