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Saeed SI, Kamaruzzaman NF, Gahamanyi N, Nguyen TTH, Hossain D, Kahwa I. Confronting the complexities of antimicrobial management for Staphyloccous aureus causing bovine mastitis: an innovative paradigm. Ir Vet J 2024; 77:4. [PMID: 38418988 PMCID: PMC10900600 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-024-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, Mastitis is a disease commonly affecting dairy cattle which leads to the use of antimicrobials. The majority of mastitis etiological agents are bacterial pathogens and Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant causative agent. Antimicrobial treatment is administered mainly via intramammary and intramuscular routes. Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) often associated with antimicrobial misuse, the treatment of mastitis is becoming challenging with less alternative treatment options. Besides, biofilms formation and ability of mastitis-causing bacteria to enter and adhere within the cells of the mammary epithelium complicate the treatment of bovine mastitis. In this review article, we address the challenges in treating mastitis through conventional antibiotic treatment because of the rising AMR, biofilms formation, and the intracellular survival of bacteria. This review article describes different alternative treatments including phytochemical compounds, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), phage therapy, and Graphene Nanomaterial-Based Therapy that can potentially be further developed to complement existing antimicrobial therapy and overcome the growing threat of AMR in etiologies of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed
- Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia.
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, PO Box 155, Nyala, Sudan.
| | - Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman
- Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia
| | - Noel Gahamanyi
- Biology Department, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
- Microbiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory, Rwanda Biomedical, P.O. Box 7162, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Thi Thu Hoai Nguyen
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Delower Hossain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, 26900, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e -Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh (UHB), Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Ivan Kahwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Huang MB, Brena D, Wu JY, Shelton M, Bond VC. SMR peptide antagonizes Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0258323. [PMID: 38170991 PMCID: PMC10846015 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02583-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence and international dissemination of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains challenge current antibiotic-based therapies, representing an urgent threat to public health worldwide. In the U.S. alone, S. aureus infections are responsible for 11,000 deaths and 500,000 hospitalizations annually. Biofilm formation is a major contributor to antibiotic tolerance and resistance-induced delays in empirical therapy with increased infection severity, frequency, treatment failure, and mortality. Developing novel treatment strategies to prevent and disrupt biofilm formation is imperative. In this article, we test the Secretion Modification Region (SMR) peptides for inhibitory effects on resistant S. aureus biofilm-forming capacity by targeting the molecular chaperone DnaK. The dose effect of SMR peptides on biofilm formation was assessed using microtiter plate methods and confocal microscopy. Interaction between the antagonist and DnaK was determined by immune precipitation with anti-Flag M2 Affinity and Western blot analysis. Increasing SMR peptide concentrations exhibited increasing blockade of S. aureus biofilm formation with significant inhibition found at 18 µM, 36 µM, and 72 µM. This work supports the potential therapeutic benefit of SMR peptides in reducing biofilm viability and could improve the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.IMPORTANCEThe development of anti-biofilm agents is critical to restoring bacterial sensitivity, directly combating the evolution of resistance, and overall reducing the clinical burden related to pervasive biofilm-mediated infections. Thus, in this study, the SMR peptide, a novel small molecule derived from the HIV Nef protein, was preliminarily explored for anti-biofilm properties. The SMR peptide was shown to effectively target the molecular chaperone DnaK and inhibit biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. These results support further investigation into the mechanism of SMR peptide-mediated biofilm formation and inhibition to benefit rational drug design and the identification of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Bo Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dara Brena
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Y. Wu
- Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin Shelton
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- NanoString Technologies, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vincent C. Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Córdova-González D, Alfonseca-Silva E, Gutiérrez L, Tapia-Pérez G, Sumano H. Intramammary preparation of enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate for bovine mastitis (biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus). J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e6. [PMID: 38311321 PMCID: PMC10839182 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic bovine mastitis is linked to biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus (bp-Sa) or Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (bp-Scn). OBJECTIVES Bp-Sa and bp-Scn were treated with intramammary preparations of either enrofloxacin HCl·2H2O-dimethyl-sulfoxide-chitosan (enro-C/DMSO/chitosan) or enro-C alone. Their potential to inhibit and degrade biofilm formation in vitro was also assessed. METHODS Milk samples were obtained from the affected quarters in a herd. Phenotypical and genotypical identifications as biofilm-producing Staphylococcus species were carried out. Enro-C/DMSO/chitosan and enro-C alone were assessed to determine their in vitro efficacy in interfering with biofilm formation and their bactericidal effects. A prolonged eight-day treatment with a twice-daily intramammary insertion of 10 mL of enro-C/DMSO/chitosan or enro-C alone was set to evaluate the clinical and bacteriological cures on day 10 in 15 cows per group and the biofilm-inhibiting ability. RESULTS Fifty-seven percent of the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus spp., of which 50% were bp-Sa, 46% bp-Scn, and 4% Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. One hundred percent of the S. aureus isolated and 77% of Staphylococcus coagulase-negative were biofilm producers. In both groups, the icaA and icaD biofilm-producing genes were identified. The experimental preparation could inhibit biofilm formation, degrade mature biofilms, and have well-defined microbicidal effects on planktonic and biofilm bacteria. The respective clinical and bacteriological cure rates were 100% and 80% for enro-C/DMSO/chitosan and 41.7% and 25% for enro-C alone. CONCLUSIONS Enro-C/DMSO/chitosan eliminates bp-Sa and bp-Scn from cases of chronic bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Córdova-González
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México
| | - Edgar Alfonseca-Silva
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México
| | - Lilia Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México
| | - Graciela Tapia-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México
| | - Héctor Sumano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México.
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Morales-Ubaldo AL, Rivero-Perez N, Valladares-Carranza B, Velázquez-Ordoñez V, Delgadillo-Ruiz L, Zaragoza-Bastida A. Bovine mastitis, a worldwide impact disease: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and viable alternative approaches. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 21:100306. [PMID: 37547227 PMCID: PMC10400929 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is globally considered one of the most important diseases within dairy herds, mainly due to the associated economic losses. The most prevalent etiology are bacteria, classified into contagious and environmental, with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common pathogens associated with mastitis cases. To date these pathogens are resistant to the most common active ingredients used for mastitis treatment. According to recent studies resistance to new antimicrobials has increased, which is why developing of alternative treatments is imperative. Therefore the present review aims to summarize the reports about bovine mastitis along 10 years, emphasizing bacterial etiology, its epidemiology, and the current situation of antimicrobial resistance, as well as the development of alternative treatments for this pathology. Analyzed data showed that the prevalence of major pathogens associated with bovine mastitis varied according to geographical region. Moreover, these pathogens are classified as multidrug-resistant, since the effectiveness of antimicrobials on them has decreased. To date, several studies have focused on the research of alternative treatments, among them vegetal extracts, essential oils, or peptides. Some other works have reported the application of nanotechnology and polymers against bacteria associated with bovine mastitis. Results demonstrated that these alternatives may be effective on bacteria associated with bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lizet Morales-Ubaldo
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Nallely Rivero-Perez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valladares-Carranza
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Valente Velázquez-Ordoñez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P. 50200 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Lucía Delgadillo-Ruiz
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, CP. 98068, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad km 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, EX-Hda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, C.P 43660, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Olczak K, Jakubowski W, Szymański W. Bactericidal Activity of Graphene Oxide Tests for Selected Microorganisms. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114199. [PMID: 37297332 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the bactericidal potential of graphene oxide (GO) in contact with four species of bacteria: E. coli, S. mutans, S. aureus and E. faecalis. Bacterial cell suspensions of each species were incubated in a medium containing GO, with incubation times of 5, 10, 30 and 60 min, at final concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of GO was evaluated using live/dead staining. The results were recorded using a BD Accuri C6 flow cytofluorimeter. Obtained data were analyzed using BD CSampler software. A significant bacteria viability reduction was noted in all GO-containing samples. The antibacterial properties of GO were strongly influenced by GO concentration and incubation time. The highest bactericidal activity was observed at concentrations of 300 and 500 μg/mL for all incubation times (5, 10, 30 and 60 min). The highest antimicrobial potential was observed for E. coli: after 60 min, the mortality rate was 94% at 300 µg/mL GO and 96% at 500 µg/mL GO; the lowest was found for S. aureus-49% (300 µg/mL) and 55% (500 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Olczak
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Jakubowski
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Szymański
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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