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Zhou Y, Chen L, Ni S. Identification and functional characterization of zebrafish ELAVL1b as a new member of antimicrobial protein. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108671. [PMID: 36893928 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that ELAVL1 play multiple roles and may be associated with immune response. However, it remains largely unknown about the direct roles of ELAVL1 during a bacterial infection. After reporting the zebrafish ELAVL1a is a maternal immune factor that can protect zebrafish embryos from bacterial infection, here we studied the immune function of zebrafish ELAVL1b. In this study, we showed that zebrafish elavl1b was markedly up-regulated by LTA and LPS treatment, suggesting it may be involved in anti-infectious responses. We also showed that zebrafish recombinant ELAVL1b (rELAVL1b) could bind to both the Gram-positive and negative bacteria M. luteus and S. aureus, E. coli and A. hydrophila as well as their signature molecules LTA and LPS, hinting it may act as a pattern recognition receptor, capable of identifying pathogens. In addition, rELAVL1b could directly kill the Gram-positive and negative bacteria tested via inducing membrane depolarization and intracellular ROS production. Collectively, our results indicate that zebrafish ELAVL1b plays an immune-relevant role as a newly-characterized antimicrobial protein. This work also provides further information to understand the biological roles of ELAVL family and the innate immunity in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- School of bioscience and technology, Weifang medical university, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of pharmacy, Weifang medical university, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shousheng Ni
- School of bioscience and technology, Weifang medical university, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.
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2
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Li J, Ma S, Li Z, Yu W, Zhou P, Ye X, Islam MS, Zhang YA, Zhou Y, Li J. Construction and Characterization of an Aeromonas hydrophila Multi-Gene Deletion Strain and Evaluation of Its Potential as a Live-Attenuated Vaccine in Grass Carp. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050451. [PMID: 34063680 PMCID: PMC8147641 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an important pathogen that causes motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in the aquaculture industry. Aerolysin, hemolysin, serine protease and enterotoxins are considered to be the major virulence factors of A. hydrophila. In this study, we constructed a five-gene (aerA, hly, ahp, alt and ast) deletion mutant strain (named Aeromonas hydrophila five-gene deletion strain, AHFGDS) to observe the biological characteristics and detect its potential as a live-attenuated vaccine candidate. AHFGDS displayed highly attenuated and showed increased susceptibility to fish blood and skin mucus killing, while the wild-type strain ZYAH72 was highly virulent. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), AHFGDS showed a 240-fold higher 50% lethal dose (LD50) than that of the wild-type strain. Immunization with AHFGDS by intracelomic injection or immersion routes both provided grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) significant protection against the challenge of the strain ZYAH72 or J-1 and protected the fish organs from serious injury. Further agglutinating antibody titer test supported that AHFGDS could elicit a host-adaptive immune response. These results suggested the potential of AHFGDS to serve as a live-attenuated vaccine to control A. hydrophila infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shilin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (M.S.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Xiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
| | - Md. Sharifull Islam
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (M.S.I.); (J.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (S.M.); (W.Y.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.-A.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87282113; Fax: +86-27-87282114
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (M.S.I.); (J.L.)
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3
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Song Z, Pearce MC, Jiang Y, Yang L, Goodall C, Miranda CL, Milovancev M, Bracha S, Kolluri SK, Maier CS. Delineation of hypoxia-induced proteome shifts in osteosarcoma cells with different metastatic propensities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:727. [PMID: 31959767 PMCID: PMC6971036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone cancer in children and young adults. Solid tumors are characterized by intratumoral hypoxia, and hypoxic cells are associated with the transformation to aggressive phenotype and metastasis. The proteome needed to support an aggressive osteosarcoma cell phenotype remains largely undefined. To link metastatic propensity to a hypoxia-induced proteotype, we compared the protein profiles of two isogenic canine OS cell lines, POS (low metastatic) and HMPOS (highly metastatic), under normoxia and hypoxia. Label-free shotgun proteomics was applied to comprehensively characterize the hypoxia-responsive proteome profiles in the OS cell phenotypes. Hypothesis-driven parallel reaction monitoring was used to validate the differential proteins observed in the shotgun data and to monitor proteins of which we expected to exhibit hypoxia responsiveness, but which were absent in the label-free shotgun data. We established a "distance" score (|zHMPOS - zPOS|), and "sensitivity" score (|zHypoxia - zNormoxia) to quantitatively evaluate the proteome shifts exhibited by OS cells in response to hypoxia. Evaluation of the sensitivity scores for the proteome shifts observed and principal component analysis of the hypoxia-responsive proteins indicated that both cell types acquire a proteome that supports a Warburg phenotype with enhanced cell migration and proliferation characteristics. Cell migration and glucose uptake assays combined with protein function inhibitor studies provided further support that hypoxia-driven adaption of pathways associated with glycolytic metabolism, collagen biosynthesis and remodeling, redox regulation and immunomodulatory proteins typify a proteotype associated with an aggressive cancer cell phenotype. Our findings further suggest that proteins involved in collagen remodeling and immune editing may warrant further evaluation as potential targets for anti-metastatic treatment strategies in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Song
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Martin C Pearce
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Cheri Goodall
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Milan Milovancev
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Shay Bracha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Siva K Kolluri
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA.
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA.
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Predicting mucositis risk associated with cytotoxic cancer treatment regimens: rationale, complexity, and challenges. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2019; 12:198-210. [PMID: 29547492 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goals of this review are to describe the complexity of factors influencing the risk of cancer regimen-related mucosal injury (CRRMI), to evaluate the contribution of the innate immune response to CRRMI risk, to compare the concordance of genome analytics in describing mechanism and risk, and to determine if common biological pathways are noted when CRRMI is compared to a disease with a similar phenotype. RECENT FINDINGS The pathogenesis of and risk for CRRMI are complex and influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It is incumbent on analyses to recognize the likelihood that the interplay and cross-talk of synergistically expressed factors is critical and that the contributing weights of these factors is not uniform from patient to patient. Genomically derived analyses imply final common pathways are implicit in phenotype expression. SUMMARY The identification of specific factors (both genomic and otherwise) which contribute to CRRMI risk represents an important opportunity to apply principles of precision medicine to the management of regimen-related toxicities.
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Rosowski EE, Knox BP, Archambault LS, Huttenlocher A, Keller NP, Wheeler RT, Davis JM. The Zebrafish as a Model Host for Invasive Fungal Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4040136. [PMID: 30551557 PMCID: PMC6308935 DOI: 10.3390/jof4040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish has become a widely accepted model host for studies of infectious disease, including fungal infections. The species is genetically tractable, and the larvae are transparent and amenable to prolonged in vivo imaging and small molecule screening. The aim of this review is to provide a thorough introduction into the published studies of fungal infection in the zebrafish and the specific ways in which this model has benefited the field. In doing so, we hope to provide potential new zebrafish researchers with a snapshot of the current toolbox and prior results, while illustrating how the model has been used well and where the unfulfilled potential of this model can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Rosowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53716, USA.
| | - Benjamin P Knox
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53716, USA.
| | - Linda S Archambault
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53716, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53716, USA.
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Robert T Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - J Muse Davis
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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6
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Jørgensen LVG, Korbut R, Jeberg S, Kania PW, Buchmann K. Association between adaptive immunity and neutrophil dynamics in zebrafish (Danio rerio) infected by a parasitic ciliate. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203297. [PMID: 30204772 PMCID: PMC6133357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective immune response in zebrafish (Danio rerio) against the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, targeting host skin, fins and gills, comprises an accelerated and manifold elevated immunoglobulin gene expression as well as a significantly elevated number of neutrophils at infected sites. Experimental fish were subjected to a primary I. multifiliis infection followed by a series of secondary exposures before they were challenged by a high dosage of infective theronts. Immunized fish responded immediately with a protective response suggesting existence of immunological memory whereas fish exposed to the parasite for the first time obtained a marked infection. The primary response to infection was dominated by expression of genes encoding acute phase reactants and inflammatory cytokines as well as recruitment of neutrophils at infected locations. Immunized fish showed a significantly upregulated immunoglobulin gene expression following challenge, which indicates existence of a secondary response effected by antibodies. Both responses induced a significantly elevated expression of the Th2 signature cytokine Il13. The increased presence of neutrophils in immunized fish suggests that innate cell mediated immunity supplements or influence the protective response against the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen
- Section of Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Rozalia Korbut
- Section of Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sandra Jeberg
- Section of Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Per Walter Kania
- Section of Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kurt Buchmann
- Section of Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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7
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Zhi T, Xu X, Chen J, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Peng J, Brown CL, Yang T. Expression of immune-related genes of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after Gyrodactylus cichlidarum and Cichlidogyrus sclerosus infections demonstrating immunosupression in coinfection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:397-404. [PMID: 29859316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gyrodactylus cichlidarum and Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, two monogenean ectoparasite species commonly found on the body surface and gills of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) respectively, inflicted considerable economic losses in intensive tilapia farming. In order to explore the immune response of tilapia against these two species of monogeneans, expression patterns of five immune-related genes were studied after singular G. cichlidarum or C. sclerosus infection and their coinfection. The transcription levels of IL-1β were up-regulated in the skin after G. cichlidarum infection, reaching a peak at day 5 PI, and in the gills after C. sclerosus infection (peaking at day 8 PI), with significant elevation only detected in the gills after high-dose C. sclerosus infection. A trend favoring increased gill TNF-α expression at day 8 PI of C. sclerosus infection was statistically significant only in the low-dose infection group. TNF-α expression in the skin did not change significantly after G. cichlidarum infection. TGF-β had extremely up-regulated expressions in the gills at day 8 PI after both high- and low-dose C. sclerosus infections, but its significantly promoted expression in the skin was observed only after infection of high-dose G. cichlidarum. Significantly increased expressions of HSP70 and COX-2 in the skin were detected after high-dose G. cichlidarum infections. In comparison to singular infection with either G. cichlidarum or C. sclerosus, concurrent infection resulted in significantly advanced expression of TGF-β in both skin and gills, and lower expressions at day 8 PI, and similar patterns were observed in the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the gills. G. cichlidarum infection on the body surface significantly down-regulated the expressions of TNF-α, TGF-β and COX-2 in the gills. In addition, the intensity of G. cichlidarum was significantly positively correlated with that of C. sclerosus (correlation index 0.922, p = 0.000) at day 2 PI under concurrent infection. These results contribute to the understanding of mucosal immunity of fish against monogenean infection, particularly when two monogenean species infect concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Tingbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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A Systems Biology Approach to the Coordination of Defensive and Offensive Molecular Mechanisms in the Innate and Adaptive Host-Pathogen Interaction Networks. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149303. [PMID: 26881892 PMCID: PMC4755559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infected zebrafish coordinates defensive and offensive molecular mechanisms in response to Candida albicans infections, and invasive C. albicans coordinates corresponding molecular mechanisms to interact with the host. However, knowledge of the ensuing infection-activated signaling networks in both host and pathogen and their interspecific crosstalk during the innate and adaptive phases of the infection processes remains incomplete. In the present study, dynamic network modeling, protein interaction databases, and dual transcriptome data from zebrafish and C. albicans during infection were used to infer infection-activated host-pathogen dynamic interaction networks. The consideration of host-pathogen dynamic interaction systems as innate and adaptive loops and subsequent comparisons of inferred innate and adaptive networks indicated previously unrecognized crosstalk between known pathways and suggested roles of immunological memory in the coordination of host defensive and offensive molecular mechanisms to achieve specific and powerful defense against pathogens. Moreover, pathogens enhance intraspecific crosstalk and abrogate host apoptosis to accommodate enhanced host defense mechanisms during the adaptive phase. Accordingly, links between physiological phenomena and changes in the coordination of defensive and offensive molecular mechanisms highlight the importance of host-pathogen molecular interaction networks, and consequent inferences of the host-pathogen relationship could be translated into biomedical applications.
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Li YY, Wang T, Gao S, Xu GM, Niu H, Huang R, Wu SY. Salmonella plasmid virulence gene spvB enhances bacterial virulence by inhibiting autophagy in a zebrafish infection model. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:252-259. [PMID: 26723267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause gastroenteritis and systemic infection in a wide range of hosts. Salmonella plasmid virulence gene spvB is closely related to bacterial virulence in different cells and animal models, and the encoded protein acts as an intracellular toxin required for ADP-ribosyl transferase activity. However, until now there is no report about the pathogenecity of spvB gene on zebrafish. Due to the outstanding advantages of zebrafish in analyzing bacteria-host interactions, a S. typhimurium infected zebrafish model was set up here to study the effect of spvB on autophagy and intestinal pathogenesis in vivo. We found that spvB gene could decrease the LD50 of S. typhimurium, and the strain carrying spvB promoted bacterial proliferation and aggravated the intestinal damage manifested by the narrowed intestines, fallen microvilli, blurred epithelium cell structure and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Results demonstrated the enhanced virulence induced by spvB in zebrafish. In spvB-mutant strain infected zebrafish, the levels of Lc3 turnover and Beclin1 expression increased, and the double-membraned autophagosome structures were observed, suggesting that spvB can inhibit autophagy activity. In summary, our results indicate that S. typhimurium strain containing spvB displays more virulence, triggering an increase in bacterial survival and intestine injuries by suppressing autophagy for the first time. This model provides novel insights into the role of Salmonella plasmid virulence gene in bacterial pathogenesis, and can help to further elucidate the relationship between bacteria and host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Guang-Mei Xu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Hua Niu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Shu-Yan Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, No. 199, Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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González-Cao M, Rodón J, Karachaliou N, Sánchez J, Santarpia M, Viteri S, Pilotto S, Teixidó C, Riso A, Rosell R. Other targeted drugs in melanoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:266. [PMID: 26605312 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy drugs are developed against specific molecular alterations on cancer cells. Because they are "targeted" to the tumor, these therapies are more effective and better tolerated than conventional therapies such as chemotherapy. In the last decade, great advances have been made in understanding of melanoma biology and identification of molecular mechanisms involved in malignant transformation of cells. The identification of oncogenic mutated kinases involved in this process provides an opportunity for development of new target therapies. The dependence of melanoma on BRAF-mutant kinase has provided an opportunity for development of mutation-specific inhibitors with high activity and excellent tolerance that are now being used in clinical practice. This marked a new era in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and much research is now ongoing to identify other "druggable" kinases and transduction signaling networking. It is expected that in the near future the spectrum of target drugs for melanoma treatment will increase. Herein, we review the most relevant potential novel drugs for melanoma treatment based on preclinical data and the results of early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- María González-Cao
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rodón
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Viteri
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Pilotto
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Teixidó
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aldo Riso
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- 1 Translational Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Immunology Department, CNICV, Madrid, Spain ; 4 Medical Oncology Unit, Human Pathology Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy ; 5 Department of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy ; 6 Pangaea Biotech S.L, Barcelona, Spain ; 7 Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain ; 8 Fundación Molecular Oncology Research, Barcelona, Spain
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