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Chavushyan VA, Simonyan KV, Danielyan MH, Avetisyan LG, Darbinyan LV, Isoyan AS, Lorikyan AG, Hovhannisyan LE, Babakhanyan MA, Sukiasyan LM. Pathology and prevention of brain microvascular and neuronal dysfunction induced by a high-fructose diet in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:269-286. [PMID: 36271967 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A high-fructose diet causes metabolic abnormalities in rats, and the cluster of complications points to microvascular and neuronal disorders of the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate i) the involvement of microvascular disorders and neuronal plasticity in the deleterious effects of a high-fructose diet on the rat brain and ii) a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of Phytocollection therapy (with antidiabetic, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities) compared to Galantamine as first-line therapy for dementia and Diabeton as first-line therapy for hyperglycemia. The calcium adenosine triphosphate non-injection histoangiological method was used to assess capillary network diameter and density. A high-fructose diet resulted in a significant decrease in the diameter and density of the capillary bed, and pharmacological manipulations had a modulatory effect on microcirculatory adaptive mechanisms. In vivo single-unit extracellular recording was used to investigate short-term plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Differences in the parameters of spike background activity and expression of excitatory and inhibitory responses of cortical neurons have been discovered, allowing for flexibility and neuronal function stabilization in pathology and pharmacological prevention. Integration of the coupling mechanism between microvascular function and neuronal spike activity could delay the progressive decline in cognitive function in rats fed a high fructose diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Chavushyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - K V Simonyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - M H Danielyan
- Histochemistry and Electron Microscopy Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L G Avetisyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L V Darbinyan
- Sensorimotor Integration Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A S Isoyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A G Lorikyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L E Hovhannisyan
- G.S. Davtyan Institute of Hydroponics Problems NAS RA, 0082, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - M A Babakhanyan
- G.S. Davtyan Institute of Hydroponics Problems NAS RA, 0082, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L M Sukiasyan
- Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
- Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
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Babel H, Naranjo-Meneses P, Trauth S, Schulmeister S, Malengo G, Sourjik V, Bischofs IB. Ratiometric population sensing by a pump-probe signaling system in Bacillus subtilis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1176. [PMID: 32132526 PMCID: PMC7055314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication by means of diffusible signaling molecules facilitates higher-level organization of cellular populations. Gram-positive bacteria frequently use signaling peptides, which are either detected at the cell surface or ‘probed’ by intracellular receptors after being pumped into the cytoplasm. While the former type is used to monitor cell density, the functions of pump-probe networks are less clear. Here we show that pump-probe networks can, in principle, perform different tasks and mediate quorum-sensing, chronometric and ratiometric control. We characterize the properties of the prototypical PhrA-RapA system in Bacillus subtilis using FRET. We find that changes in extracellular PhrA concentrations are tracked rather poorly; instead, cells accumulate and strongly amplify the signal in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests that the PhrA-RapA system, and others like it, have evolved to sense changes in the composition of heterogeneous populations and infer the fraction of signal-producing cells in a mixed population to coordinate cellular behaviors. Gram-positive bacteria can release signaling peptides that are ‘probed’ by intracellular receptors after being pumped into the cytoplasm. Here, Babel et al. show that these pump-probe networks can infer the fraction of signal-producing cells in a mixed population, and do not necessarily mediate typical quorum-sensing control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Babel
- BioQuant Center of the University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Naranjo-Meneses
- BioQuant Center of the University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Trauth
- BioQuant Center of the University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Schulmeister
- BioQuant Center of the University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Malengo
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Karl-von-Frisch Str. 16, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Victor Sourjik
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Karl-von-Frisch Str. 16, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ilka B Bischofs
- BioQuant Center of the University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 10, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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Chavushyan VA, Simonyan KV, Simonyan RM, Isoyan AS, Simonyan GM, Babakhanyan MA, Hovhannisyian LE, Nahapetyan KH, Avetisyan LG, Simonyan MA. Effects of stevia on synaptic plasticity and NADPH oxidase level of CNS in conditions of metabolic disorders caused by fructose. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:540. [PMID: 29258552 PMCID: PMC5735878 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess dietary fructose intake associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Previous animal studies have reported that diabetic animals have significantly impaired behavioural and cognitive functions, pathological synaptic function and impaired expression of glutamate receptors. Correction of the antioxidant status of laboratory rodents largely prevents the development of fructose-induced plurimetabolic changes in the nervous system. We suggest a novel concept of efficiency of Stevia leaves for treatment of central diabetic neuropathy. METHODS By in vivo extracellular studies induced spike activity of hippocampal neurons during high frequency stimulation of entorhinal cortex, as well as neurons of basolateral amygdala to high-frequency stimulation of the hippocampus effects of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant evaluated in synaptic activity in the brain of fructose-enriched diet rats. In the conditions of metabolic disorders caused by fructose, antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana was assessed by measuring the NOX activity of the hippocampus, amygdala and spinal cord. RESULTS In this study, the characteristic features of the metabolic effects of dietary fructose on synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons and basolateral amygdala and the state of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) oxidative system of these brain formations are revealed, as well as the prospects for development of multitarget and polyfunctional phytopreparations (with adaptogenic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, nootropic activity) from native raw material of Stevia rebaudiana. Stevia modulates degree of expressiveness of potentiation/depression (approaches but fails to achieve the norm) by shifting the percentage balance in favor of depressor type of responses during high-frequency stimulation, indicating its adaptogenic role in plasticity of neural networks. Under the action of fructose an increase (3-5 times) in specific quantity of total fraction of NOX isoforms isolated from the central nervous system tissue (amygdala, hippocampus, spinal cord) was revealed. Stevia exhibits an antistress, membrane-stabilizing role reducing the level of total fractions of NOX isoforms from central nervous system tissues and regulates NADPH-dependent O2- -producing activity. CONCLUSION Generally, in condition of metabolic disorders caused by intensive consumption of dietary fructose Stevia leaves contributes to the control of neuronal synaptic plasticity possibly influencing the conjugated NOX-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Chavushyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 22 Orbeli Bros Street, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - K V Simonyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 22 Orbeli Bros Street, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - R M Simonyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, 5/1 P.Sevag str, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A S Isoyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 22 Orbeli Bros Street, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G M Simonyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, 5/1 P.Sevag str, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - M A Babakhanyan
- Scientific Centre of Artsakh, 8 Tigran Mets str, Stepanakert, Nagorno Karabakh, Armenia
| | - L E Hovhannisyian
- Scientific Centre of Artsakh, 8 Tigran Mets str, Stepanakert, Nagorno Karabakh, Armenia
| | - Kh H Nahapetyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 22 Orbeli Bros Street, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L G Avetisyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 22 Orbeli Bros Street, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - M A Simonyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, 5/1 P.Sevag str, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
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Straube R. Analysis of network motifs in cellular regulation: Structural similarities, input-output relations and signal integration. Biosystems 2017; 162:215-232. [PMID: 29107640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Much of the complexity of regulatory networks derives from the necessity to integrate multiple signals and to avoid malfunction due to cross-talk or harmful perturbations. Hence, one may expect that the input-output behavior of larger networks is not necessarily more complex than that of smaller network motifs which suggests that both can, under certain conditions, be described by similar equations. In this review, we illustrate this approach by discussing the similarities that exist in the steady state descriptions of a simple bimolecular reaction, covalent modification cycles and bacterial two-component systems. Interestingly, in all three systems fundamental input-output characteristics such as thresholds, ultrasensitivity or concentration robustness are described by structurally similar equations. Depending on the system the meaning of the parameters can differ ranging from protein concentrations and affinity constants to complex parameter combinations which allows for a quantitative understanding of signal integration in these systems. We argue that this approach may also be extended to larger regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Straube
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg, Sandtorstr. 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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