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Candido MF, Medeiros M, Veronez LC, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Pezuk JA, Valera ET, Brassesco MS. Drugging Hijacked Kinase Pathways in Pediatric Oncology: Opportunities and Current Scenario. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020664. [PMID: 36839989 PMCID: PMC9966033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer is considered rare, corresponding to ~3% of all malignant neoplasms in the human population. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a universal occurrence of more than 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants around the globe, and despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and supportive care, one child dies of cancer every 3 min. Consequently, more efficient, selective and affordable therapeutics are still needed in order to improve outcomes and avoid long-term sequelae. Alterations in kinases' functionality is a trademark of cancer and the concept of exploiting them as drug targets has burgeoned in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry of the 21st century. Consequently, an increasing plethora of inhibitors has emerged. In the present study, the expression patterns of a selected group of kinases (including tyrosine receptors, members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways, coordinators of cell cycle progression, and chromosome segregation) and their correlation with clinical outcomes in pediatric solid tumors were accessed through the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and by a thorough search of published literature. To further illustrate the importance of kinase dysregulation in the pathophysiology of pediatric cancer, we analyzed the vulnerability of different cancer cell lines against their inhibition through the Cancer Dependency Map portal, and performed a search for kinase-targeted compounds with approval and clinical applicability through the CanSAR knowledgebase. Finally, we provide a detailed literature review of a considerable set of small molecules that mitigate kinase activity under experimental testing and clinical trials for the treatment of pediatric tumors, while discuss critical challenges that must be overcome before translation into clinical options, including the absence of compounds designed specifically for childhood tumors which often show differential mutational burdens, intrinsic and acquired resistance, lack of selectivity and adverse effects on a growing organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medeiros
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - David Bastos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9144; Fax: +55-16-3315-4886
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Cerrato-Izaguirre D, Chirino YI, Prada D, Quezada-Maldonado EM, Herrera LA, Hernández-Guerrero A, Alonso-Larraga JO, Herrera-Goepfert R, Oñate-Ocaña LF, Cantú-de-León D, Meneses-García A, Basurto-Lozada P, Robles-Espinoza CD, Camacho J, García-Cuellar CM, Sánchez-Pérez Y. Somatic Mutational Landscape in Mexican Patients: CDH1 Mutations and chr20q13.33 Amplifications Are Associated with Diffuse-Type Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11116. [PMID: 36232418 PMCID: PMC9570354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hispanic population, compared with other ethnic groups, presents a more aggressive gastric cancer phenotype with higher frequency of diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma (GA); this could be related to the mutational landscape of GA in these patients. Using whole-exome sequencing, we sought to present the mutational landscape of GA from 50 Mexican patients who were treated at The Instituto Nacional de Cancerología from 2019 to 2020. We performed a comprehensive statistical analysis to explore the relationship of the genomic variants and clinical data such as tumor histology and presence of signet-ring cell, H. pylori, and EBV. We describe a potentially different mutational landscape between diffuse and intestinal GA in Mexican patients. Patients with intestinal-type GA tended to present a higher frequency of NOTCH1 mutations, copy number gains in cytobands 13.14, 10q23.33, and 12q25.1, and copy number losses in cytobands 7p12, 14q24.2, and 11q13.1; whereas patients with diffuse-type GA tended to present a high frequency of CDH1 mutations and CNV gains in cytobands 20q13.33 and 22q11.21. This is the first description of a mutational landscape of GA in Mexican patients to better understand tumorigenesis in Hispanic patients and lay the groundwork for discovering potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Cerrato-Izaguirre
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (CINVESTAV), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Ciudad de México CP. 07360, Mexico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14080, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México CP. 54090, Mexico
| | - Diddier Prada
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14080, Mexico
| | - Ericka Marel Quezada-Maldonado
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur No. 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14610, Mexico
| | - Angélica Hernández-Guerrero
- Servicio de Endoscopía, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan Octavio Alonso-Larraga
- Servicio de Endoscopía, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14080, Mexico
| | - Roberto Herrera-Goepfert
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis F. Oñate-Ocaña
- Subdirección de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14080, Mexico
| | - David Cantú-de-León
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14080, Mexico
| | - Abelardo Meneses-García
- Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14080, Mexico
| | - Patricia Basurto-Lozada
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación Sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro CP. 76010, Mexico
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación Sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro CP. 76010, Mexico
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Javier Camacho
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (CINVESTAV), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Ciudad de México CP. 07360, Mexico
| | - Claudia M. García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14080, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP. 14080, Mexico
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DI Felipe Ávila Alcantara D, Lima Júnior SF, DE Assumpção PP, Lamarão LM, DE Castro Sant'anna C, Moreira-Nunes CA, Burbano RR. Identification of Germline Mutations in Genes Involved in Classic FAP in Patients from Northern Brazil. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2022; 2:405-410. [PMID: 35530639 PMCID: PMC9066544 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a common cancer worldwide, with 5-10% of cases being hereditary. Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome (FAP) is caused by germline mutations in the APC gene or rarely in the MUTYH gene. PATIENTS AND METHODS This work did not identify germline mutations in the MUTYH, NTHL1, POLD1 and POLE genes in 15 individuals belonging to five families with classic FAP, who had the mutation in the APC gene confirmed in a previous study. Our results support mutations in the APC gene as the main genetic contribution of classical FAP with severe phenotype. In the family that had the most aggressive form of the disease, we performed an array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization analysis and identified the germinal loss of an allele of the NOTCH2 and BMPR2 genes in the mother (proband) and daughter. In order to validate the involvement of these genes in the other four families of this study, we analyzed the DNA copy number variation in the peripheral blood of the 15 participants. RESULTS FAP is a syndrome with considerable genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity and this phenomenon may explain the presence of secondary genetic alterations, such as the allelic loss of NOTCH2 and BMPR2 genes, found only in one family in this study. The CNV analysis confirmed that only the two members of the FAP2 family (patient 02H and 02F) had a deletion of these two genes, as the aCGH methodology had found. The other study participants did not show allelic loss for these two genes. CONCLUSION Validation in a larger number of families could confirm the presence of these new genetic alterations in classic FAP and improve understanding of the different types of aggressiveness of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego DI Felipe Ávila Alcantara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carla DE Castro Sant'anna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rommel Rodriguez Burbano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Jin Z, Chen H, Zhang C, Wang W, Jing J, Pan W. Clinical Impact of X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementary 1 ( XRCC1) and the Immune Environment in Colorectal Adenoma-Carcinoma Pathway Progression. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5403-5417. [PMID: 34737598 PMCID: PMC8559027 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s331010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) can develop via a hypermutagenic pathway characterized by frequent somatic DNA base-pair mutations. Alternatively, the immunogenicity of tumor cells themselves may influence the anticancer activity of the immune effector cells. Impaired DNA repair mechanisms drive mutagenicity, which then increase the neoantigen load and immunogenicity. However, no studies have analyzed immune checkpoint protein expression, particularly programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), in adenoma–carcinoma progression and its relationship with the emergence of other DNA repair gene mutation. Materials and Methods We investigated mutations of 10 genes involved in DNA repair function: XRCC1, TP53, MLH1, MSH, KRAS, GSTP, UMP, MTHF, DPYD, and ABCC2. We performed sequencing to determine mutations and immunohistochemistry of immune checkpoints in clinical samples and determined changes in XRCC1 expression during progression through the adenoma–carcinoma pathway. We further investigated the prognostic associations of gene XRCC1 according to the expression, mutational profile, and immune profile using The Cancer Genome Atlas-colon adenocarcinoma (TCGA-COAD) dataset. Results From clinical samples, XRCC1 mutation demonstrated the strongest association with adenomas with a mutation frequency of 56.2% in adenomas and 34% in CRCs (p =0.016). XRCC1 was abnormally expressed and altered by mutations contributing to adenoma carcinogenesis. High expression of XRCC1, CD4, FOXP3, and PD-1/PD-L1 showed an overall upward trend with increased lesion severity (all p < 0.01). PD-1/PD-L1 expression and CD4+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) correlated with cytological dysplasia progression, specifically in patients with wild-type XRCC1 (all p < 0.01), whereas FOXP3 expression was independently associated with adenoma–carcinoma progression. From TCGA-COAD analysis, XRCC1 expression was associated with patients survival, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune marker expression. Conclusion Increased IEL density and PD-1/PD-L1 expression correlate with cytological dysplasia progression and specifically with the XRCC1 mutation status in CRC. Our findings support a stepwise dysplasia-carcinoma sequence of adenoma carcinogenesis and an XRCC1 hypermutated phenotypic mechanism of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyi Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyong Jing
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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