Ichthyosis: case report in a Colombian man with genetic alterations in ABCA12 and HRNR genes

Management of Harlequin Ichthyosis: A Brief Review of the Recent Literature

Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a life-threatening genetic disorder that largely affects the skin of infants. HI is the most severe form of the autosomal recessive disorder known as ichthyosis. It is caused by mutations in the A12 cassette (lipid-transporter adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette A12). Neonates affected by this disease are born with specific morphological characteristics, the most prominent of which is the appearance of platelet keratotic scales separated by erythematous fissures. The facial features include eclabium, ectropion, a distinct flattened nose, and dysplastic ears. A common finding among those with HI is impaired skin barrier function. The purpose of the present narrative review is to assess the most recent literature regarding the management of HI. Emphasis is given to surgical management and consultation, to the indications for timing and surgical intervention, to the risks that are presented with surgery, and to the details of the surgical procedure itself. Management of HI requires a multidisciplinary team of experts, and specific guidelines are needed in order for the risks to be minimized and viability to be increased.

Multiple Origin and Tumor Heterogeneity of Prostatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in the Han Chinese Population

Purpose: Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is recognized as an advanced stage cancer and is often observed in conjunction with acinar adenocarcinoma, with abundant cytoplasm arranged in a papillary pattern. When compared with acinar adenocarcinoma, it is characterized by an increased biochemical recurrence rate and unusual metastasis sites. The purpose of the present study was to further elucidate the genomic alterations associated with PDA. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and linkage analyses were performed on genomic DNA isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples obtained from eleven PDA tumors and paired benign tissues. The profiles of somatic mutations, indels as well as copy-number alterations were confirmed in PDA patients. The clonal evolution patterns of the eleven PDA cases were compared with the data obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for eight primary prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma patients. Results: The same somatic changes were observed in PDA as in advanced and/or metastatic acinar adenocarcinomas. For example, the mutations of a known prostate cancer driver gene CDKN1A, were the most significant events among 17% of tumors. In addition to the known amplification of chromosomes 1q, 4p, 8q, and 14q, the copy number of several large regions also increased significantly. The origin of PDA was heterogeneous: some patients (e.g. P5) were consistent with the monoclonal model, while others (e.g. P7) were polyclonal. Conclusions: PDA and acinar adenocarcinomas of prostate with high Gleason score have similar mutational profiles. The somatic mutations in PDA may be the reason for its invasive biological behavior.