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Nowicki KW, Mittal AM, Abou-Al-Shaar H, Rochlin EK, Lang MJ, Gross BA, Friedlander RM. A Future Blood Test to Detect Cerebral Aneurysms. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01346-4. [PMID: 37046105 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms are reported to affect 2-5% of the population. Despite advances in the surgical management of this disease, diagnostic technologies have marginally improved and still rely on expensive or invasive imaging procedures. Currently, there is no blood-based test to detect cerebral aneurysm formation or quantify the risk of rupture. The aim of this review is to summarize current literature on the mechanism of aneurysm formation, specifically studies relating to inflammation, and provide a rationale and commentary on a hypothetical future blood-based test. Efforts should be focused on clinical-translational approaches to create an assay to screen for cerebral aneurysm presence and risk-stratify patients to allow for superior treatment timing and management. Cerebral Aneurysm Blood Test Considerations: There are multiple caveats to development of a putative blood test to detect cerebral aneurysm presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil W Nowicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Aditya M Mittal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emma K Rochlin
- Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bradley A Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert M Friedlander
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Li GS, Chen G, Liu J, Tang D, Zheng JH, Luo J, Jin MH, Lu HS, Bao CX, Tian J, Deng WS, Fu JW, Feng Y, Zeng NY, Zhou HF, Kong JL. Clinical significance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C expression in cancers: from small cell lung carcinoma to pan-cancers. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:246. [PMID: 35751045 PMCID: PMC9233395 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C (CDKN2C) was identified to participate in the occurrence and development of multiple cancers; however, its roles in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) remain unclear. Methods Differential expression analysis of CDKN2C between SCLC and non-SCLC were performed based on 937 samples from multiple centers. The prognosis effects of CDKN2C in patients with SCLC were detected using both Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests. Using receiver-operating characteristic curves, whether CDKN2C expression made it feasible to distinguish SCLC was determined. The potential mechanisms of CDKN2C in SCLC were investigated by gene ontology terms and signaling pathways (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). Based on 10,080 samples, a pan-cancer analysis was also performed to determine the roles of CDKN2C in multiple cancers. Results For the first time, upregulated CDKN2C expression was detected in SCLC samples at both the mRNA and protein levels (p of Wilcoxon rank-sum test < 0.05; standardized mean difference = 2.86 [95% CI 2.20–3.52]). Transcription factor FOXA1 expression may positively regulate CDKN2C expression levels in SCLC. High CDKN2C expression levels were related to the poor prognosis of patients with SCLC (hazard ratio > 1, p < 0.05) and showed pronounced effects for distinguishing SCLC from non-SCLC (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve ≥ 0.95). CDKN2C expression may play a role in the development of SCLC by affecting the cell cycle. Furthermore, the first pan-cancer analysis revealed the differential expression of CDKN2C in 16 cancers (breast invasive carcinoma, etc.) and its independent prognostic significance in nine cancers (e.g., adrenocortical carcinoma). CDKN2C expression was related to the immune microenvironment, suggesting its potential usefulness as a prognostic marker in immunotherapy. Conclusions This study identified upregulated CDKN2C expression and its clinical significance in SCLC and other multiple cancers, suggesting its potential usefulness as a biomarker in treating and differentiating cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-02036-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Sheng Li
- Ward of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Deng Tang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hua Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Ward of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Song Lu
- Ward of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Xi Bao
- Ward of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Tian
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Sheng Deng
- Ward of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wei Fu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Neng-Yong Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Fu Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Liang Kong
- Ward of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Tutino VM, Kuo CC, Avasthi N, Rai HH, Waqas M, Siddiqui AH, Jarvis JN, Poppenberg KE. Chromatin architecture around stroke haplotypes provides evidence that genetic risk is conferred through vascular cells. Epigenomics 2022; 14:243-259. [PMID: 35184600 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous stroke-associated SNPs. To understand how SNPs affect gene expression related to increased stroke risk, we studied epigenetic landscapes surrounding 26 common, validated stroke-associated loci. Methods: We mapped the SNPs to linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks and examined H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K9ac, and H3K4me3 histone marks and transcription-factor binding-sites in pathologically relevant cell types (hematopoietic and vascular cells). Hi-C data were used to identify topologically associated domains (TADs) encompassing the LD blocks and overlapping genes. Results: Fibroblasts, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells showed significant enrichment for enhancer-associated marks within stroke-associated LD blocks. Genes within encompassing TADs reflected vessel homeostasis, cellular turnover, and enzymatic activity. Conclusions: Stroke-associated genetic variants confer risk predominantly through vascular cells rather than hematopoietic cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M Tutino
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Cathleen C Kuo
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Naval Avasthi
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Hamid H Rai
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Adnan H Siddiqui
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Radiology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - James N Jarvis
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Genetics, Genomics, & Bioinformatics Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kerry E Poppenberg
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Tutino VM, Lu Y, Ishii D, Poppenberg KE, Rajabzadeh-Oghaz H, Siddiqui AH, Hasan DM. Aberrant Whole Blood Gene Expression in the Lumen of Human Intracranial Aneurysms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081442. [PMID: 34441376 PMCID: PMC8392298 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) causes devastating hemorrhagic strokes. Yet, most IAs remain asymptomatic and undetected until they rupture. In the search for circulating biomarkers of unruptured IAs, we previously performed transcriptome profiling on whole blood and identified an IA-associated panel of 18 genes. In this study, we seek to determine if these genes are also differentially expressed within the IA lumen, which could provide a mechanistic link between the disease and the observed circulating gene expression patterns. To this end, we collected blood from the lumen of 37 IAs and their proximal parent vessels in 31 patients. The expression levels of 18 genes in the lumen and proximal vessel were then measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This analysis revealed that the expression of 6/18 genes (CBWD6, MT2A, MZT2B, PIM3, SLC37A3, and TNFRSF4) was significantly higher in intraluminal blood, while the expression of 3/18 genes (ST6GALNAC1, TCN2, and UFSP1) was significantly lower. There was a significant, positive correlation between intraluminal and proximal expression of CXCL10, MT2A, and MZT2B, suggesting local increases of these genes is reflected in the periphery. Expression of ST6GALNAC1 and TIFAB was significantly positively correlated with IA size, while expression of CCDC85B was significantly positively correlated with IA enhancement on post-contrast MRI, a metric of IA instability and risk. In conclusion, intraluminal expression differences in half of the IA-associated genes observed in this study provide evidence for IA tissue-mediated transcriptional changes in whole blood. Additionally, some genes may be informative in assessing IA risk, as their intraluminal expression was correlated to IA size and aneurysmal wall enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M. Tutino
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (V.M.T.); (K.E.P.); (H.R.-O.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yongjun Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Daizo Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 1616 JCP, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Kerry E. Poppenberg
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (V.M.T.); (K.E.P.); (H.R.-O.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Hamidreza Rajabzadeh-Oghaz
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (V.M.T.); (K.E.P.); (H.R.-O.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Adnan H. Siddiqui
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (V.M.T.); (K.E.P.); (H.R.-O.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - David M. Hasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 1616 JCP, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-384-8669
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