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Gao Y, Lin H, Tang T, Wang Y, Chen W, Li L. Circular RNAs in programmed cell death: Regulation mechanisms and potential clinical applications in cancer: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:135659. [PMID: 39288849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs with covalently closed structures formed by reverse splicing of precursor mRNAs. The widespread expression of circRNAs across species has been revealed by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, indicating their unique properties and diverse functions including acting as microRNA sponges and interacting with RNA-binding proteins. Programmed cell death (PCD), encompassing various forms such as apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, is an essential process for maintaining normal development and homeostasis in the human body by eliminating damaged, infected, and aging cells. Many studies have demonstrated that circRNAs play crucial roles in tumourigenesis and development by regulating PCD in tumor cells, showing that circRNAs have the potential to be biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the intricate associations between circRNAs and diverse PCD pathways in tumor cells, which play crucial roles in cancer development. Additionally, this review provides a detailed overview of the underlying mechanisms by which circRNAs modulate various forms of PCD for the first time. The ultimate objective is to offer valuable insights into the potential clinical significance of developing novel strategies based on circRNAs and PCD for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Gao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yuanqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
| | - Wanyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Lixian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Bakinowska E, Kiełbowski K, Skórka P, Dach A, Olejnik-Wojciechowska J, Szwedkowicz A, Pawlik A. Non-Coding RNA as Biomarkers and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5144. [PMID: 38791187 PMCID: PMC11121563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a broad family of molecules that regulate gene expression, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, amongst others. Dysregulated expression of ncRNAs alters gene expression, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. Studies have found that altered expression of ncRNAs may contribute to tumourigenesis through regulating proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance and metastasis. This review describes the potential use of ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, we discuss the involvement of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, including their interactions with the members of major signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (P.S.); (A.D.); (J.O.-W.); (A.S.)
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Shan H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wei Y, Meng L, Li J, Zhang Z, Ma L, Xiao Y. CircSCUBE3 Reduces the Anti-gastric Cancer Activity of Anti-PD-L1. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:123-137. [PMID: 37052807 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The progression of gastric cancer (GC) is closely related to tumor immune escape. The research, therefore, studied the impact of possible circRNAs on the immune escape of GC tumors and the underlying mechanisms. Here, to explore circRNAs that may affect GC, the differential circRNAs in six normal gastric mucosal tissues and six GC samples (GSM2005868-GSM2005879) were analyzed through the bioinformatics website circmine, and hsa_circ_0076092 (circSCUBE3) was identified as the research object. In vitro assays revealed the functions of circSCUBE3 and its downstream miRNA/mRNA axis in GC cells. The effect of circSCUBE3 against PD-1 anti-tumor activity was evaluated in vivo. The relationship between circSCUBE3 and miR-744-5p, miR-744-5p, and SLC7A5 was identified by RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter experiments. The effect of SLC7A5 on GC immune escape by regulating PD-L1 expression was assessed by co-culture system and flow cytometry. CircSCUBE3 was up-regulated in human GC tissues and GC cell lines. circSCUBE3 was associated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Functional experiments reported that circSCUBE3 knockdown could suppress GC immune escape. Mechanistically, circSCUBE3 bound to miR-744-5p, which further targeted SLC7A5, and SLC7A5 can affect GC immune escape by regulating PD-L1. Furthermore, in vivo assay manifested that circSCUBE3 attenuated the anti-tumor effect of PD-L1. Our study revealed the importance of the circSCUBE3/miR-744-5p/SLC7A5 axis in GC immune escape and anti-PD-1 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuSheng Shan
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Huai'an Medical District of the Eastern Theater General Hospital, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - XiaoBo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - YingTian Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - LiangLiang Meng
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - ZhongLiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - YueYong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Li WD, Wang HT, Huang YM, Cheng BH, Xiang LJ, Zhou XH, Deng QY, Guo ZG, Yang ZF, Guan ZF, Wang Y. Circ_0003356 suppresses gastric cancer growth through targeting the miR-668-3p/SOCS3 axis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:787-809. [PMID: 37275445 PMCID: PMC10237019 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have attracted extensive attention as therapeutic targets in gastric cancer (GC). Circ_0003356 is known to be downregulated in GC tissues, but its cellular function and mechanisms remain undefined.
AIM To investigate the role of circ_0003356 in GC at the molecular and cellular level.
METHODS Circ_0003356, miR-668-3p, and SOCS3 expression were assessed via quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Wound healing, EdU, CCK-8, flow cytometry and transwell assays were used to analyze the migration, proliferation, viability, apoptosis and invasion of GC cells. The subcellular localization of circ_0003356 was monitored using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The interaction of circ_0003356 with miR-668-3p was confirmed using RIP-qRT-PCR, RNA pull-down, and dual luciferase reporter assays. We observed protein levels of genes via western blot. We injected AGS cells into the upper back of mice and performed immunohistochemistry staining for examining E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Ki67, and SOCS3 expressions. TUNEL staining was performed for the assessment of apoptosis in mouse tumor tissues.
RESULTS Circ_0003356 and SOCS3 expression was downregulated in GC cells, whilst miR-668-3p was upregulated. Exogenous circ_0003356 expression and miR-668-3p silencing suppressed the migration, viability, proliferation, epithelial to mesenchy-mal transition (EMT) and invasion of GC cells and enhanced apoptosis. Circ_0003356 overexpression impaired tumor growth in xenograft mice. Targeting of miR-668-3p by circ_0003356 was confirmed through binding assays and SOCS3 was identified as a downstream target of miR-668-3p. The impacts of circ_0003356 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and EMT were reversed by miR-668-3p up-regulation or SOCS3 down-regulation in GC cells.
CONCLUSION Circ_0003356 impaired GC development through its interaction with the miR-668-3p/SOCS3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yue-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo-Hao Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin-Hao Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing-Yan Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Fen Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong Province, China
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Gareev I, Ahmad A, Wang J, Beilerli A, Ilyasova T, Sufianov A, Beylerli O. Gastric juice non-coding RNAs as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1179582. [PMID: 37179825 PMCID: PMC10169709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1179582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), being one of the most common malignant human tumors, occupies the second position in the structure of mortality in men and women. High rates of morbidity and mortality in this pathology determine its extremely high clinical and social significance. Diagnosis and timely treatment of precancerous pathology is the main way to reduce morbidity and mortality, and early detection of GC and its adequate treatment improve prognosis. The ability to accurately predict the development of GC and start treatment on time, as well as the ability to determine the stage of the disease if the diagnosis is confirmed - non-invasive biomarkers can become the key to solving these and many other problems of modern medicine. One of the promising biomarkers being studied are non-coding RNAs, namely, miсroRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). They are involved in a wide range of processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, which play a critical role in the development of GC oncogenesis. In addition, they are quite specific and stable due to their carriers (extracellular vesicles or Argonaute 2 protein) and can be detected in various human biological fluids, in particular gastric juice. Thus, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs isolated from the gastric juice of GC patients are promising preventive, diagnostic and prognostic non-invasive biomarkers. This review article presents the characteristics of circulating or extracellular miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in gastric juice, allowing their use in the GC preventive, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz Gareev
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Interim Translational Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Aferin Beilerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Albert Sufianov
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian
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Comprehensive Evaluation of Serum tRF-17-WS7K092 as a Promising Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8438726. [PMID: 36245992 PMCID: PMC9553536 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8438726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal system. Since the early symptoms of GC are not obvious and lack efficient diagnostic markers, it is urgent to find new diagnostic markers with good sensitivity and specificity. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are an emerging class of small noncoding RNAs with good abundance in body fluids. We aim to find new tsRNAs as biomarkers for GC diagnosis. Methods High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed tsRNAs in GC tissues, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression level of tRF-17-WS7K092. Agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing were performed to verify the characteristics of tRF-17-WS7K092. The diagnostic efficacy of tRF-17-WS7K092 was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results In this study, the expression levels of tRF-17-WS7K092 were significantly increased in GC tissues, cells, and serum. After GC surgery, the expression level of serum tRF-17-WS7K092 decreased, and its high expression was associated with low survival rates. In addition, the expression level of serum tRF-17-WS7K092 was correlated with the T stage, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and nerve/vascular invasion and could distinguish GC patients from gastritis patients and healthy donors as well. Conclusions The expression of serum tRF-17-WS7K092 was significantly increased in GC and decreased after GC surgery, suggesting that serum tRF-17-WS7K092 may serve as a promising biomarker for the diagnostic and prognostic monitoring of GC.
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Xu Y, Fang S, Ji Y, Lu L, Xu W, Qian H, Liang ZF. Circular RNA and Its Roles in the Occurrence, Development, Diagnosis of Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:845703. [PMID: 35463362 PMCID: PMC9021756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.845703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded covalently closed circular RNA, mainly produced by reverse splicing of exons of precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs). The characteristics of high abundance, strong specificity, and good stability of circRNAs have been discovered. A large number of studies have reported its various functions and mechanisms in biological events, such as the occurrence and development of cancer. In this review, we focus on the classification, characterization, biogenesis, functions of circRNAs, and the latest advances in cancer research. The development of circRNAs as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and treatment also provides new ideas for studying circRNAs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yumeng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shikun Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Child Healthcare Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhao Feng Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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