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Heesch A, Florea A, Maurer J, Habib P, Werth LS, Hansen T, Stickeler E, Sahnoun SEM, Mottaghy FM, Morgenroth A. The prostate-specific membrane antigen holds potential as a vascular target for endogenous radiotherapy with [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T for triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:30. [PMID: 38378689 PMCID: PMC10877802 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overexpression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on the vasculature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents a promising avenue for targeted endogenous radiotherapy with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T. This study aimed to assess and compare the therapeutic efficacy of a single dose with a fractionated dose of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T in an orthotopic model of TNBC. METHODS Rj:NMRI-Foxn1nu/nu mice were used as recipients of MDA-MB-231 xenografts. The single dose group was treated with 1 × 60 ± 5 MBq dose of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T, while the fractionated dose group received 4 × a 15 ± 2 MBq dose of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T at 7 day intervals. The control group received 0.9% NaCl. Tumor progression was monitored using [18F]FDG-PET/CT. Ex vivo analysis encompassed immunostaining, TUNEL staining, H&E staining, microautoradiography, and autoradiography. RESULTS Tumor volumes were significantly smaller in the single dose (p < 0.001) and fractionated dose (p < 0.001) groups. Tumor growth inhibition rates were 38% (single dose) and 30% (fractionated dose). Median survival was notably prolonged in the treated groups compared to the control groups (31d, 28d and 19d for single dose, fractionated dose and control, respectively). [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T decreased the size of viable tumor areas. We further demonstrated, that [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T binds specifically to the tumor-associated vasculature. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T for endogenous radiotherapy of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Heesch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf (ABCD), Germany
| | - Pardes Habib
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Laura S Werth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf (ABCD), Germany
| | - Sabri E M Sahnoun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf (ABCD), Germany
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Ji HB, Kim CR, Min CH, Han JH, Kim S, Lee C, Choy YB. Fe-containing metal-organic framework with D-penicillamine for cancer-specific hydrogen peroxide generation and enhanced chemodynamic therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10477. [PMID: 37206221 PMCID: PMC10189484 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is based on the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Thus, CDT can be advantageous when it is cancer-specific, in terms of efficacy and safety. Therefore, we propose NH2-MIL-101(Fe), a Fe-containing metal-organic framework (MOF), as a carrier of Cu (copper)-chelating agent, d-penicillamine (d-pen; i.e., the NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/d-pen), as well as a catalyst with Fe-metal clusters for Fenton reaction. NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/d-pen in the form of nanoparticles was efficiently taken into cancer cells and released d-pen in a sustained manner. The released d-pen chelated Cu that is highly expressed in cancer environments and this produces extra H2O2, which is then decomposed by Fe in NH2-MIL-101(Fe) to generate •OH. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/d-pen was observed in cancer cells, not in normal cells. We also suggest a formulation of NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/d-pen combined with NH2-MIL-101(Fe) loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug, irinotecan (CPT-11; NH2-MIL-101(Fe)/CPT-11). When intratumorally injected into tumor-bearing mice in vivo, this combined formulation exhibited the most prominent anticancer effects among all tested formulations, owing to the synergistic effect of CDT and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bi Ji
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringCollege of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Cho Rim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringCollege of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Min
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringCollege of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Han
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringCollege of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Se‐Na Kim
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of PathologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringCollege of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
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George TA, Chen MM, Czosseck A, Chen HP, Huang HS, Lundy DJ. Liposome-encapsulated anthraquinone improves efficacy and safety in triple negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2021; 342:31-43. [PMID: 34896187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and a leading cause of death worldwide. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype which is the most challenging to treat. Due to heterogeneity and a lack of specific molecular targets, small molecule-based chemotherapy is the preferred course of treatment. However, these drugs have high toxicity due to off-target effects on healthy tissues, and tumors may develop resistance. Here, we present a polyethylene glycol-modified nanoscale liposomal formulation (LipoRV) of a new anthraquinone derivative which has potent effects on multiple TNBC cell lines. LipoRV readily inhibited the cell cycle, induced cell apoptosis, and reduced long-term proliferative potential of TNBC cells. In a xenograft animal model, LipoRV successfully cleared tumors and demonstrated a good safety profile, without detrimental effects on biochemical markers. Finally, RNA sequencing of LipoRV-treated TNBC cells was carried out, indicating that LipoRV may have immunomodulatory properties. These findings demonstrate that a liposomal anthraquinone-based molecule has excellent promise for TNBC therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomashire A George
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Max M Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Andreas Czosseck
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Pei Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - David J Lundy
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Lee J, Kim B, Park B, Won Y, Kim SY, Lee S. Real-time cancer diagnosis of breast cancer using fluorescence lifetime endoscopy based on the pH. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16864. [PMID: 34413447 PMCID: PMC8376886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A biopsy is often performed for the diagnosis of cancer during a surgical operation. In addition, pathological biopsy is required to discriminate the margin between cancer tissues and normal tissues in surgical specimens. In this study, we presented a novel method for discriminating between tumor and normal tissues using fluorescence lifetime endoscopy (FLE). We demonstrated the relationship between the fluorescence lifetime and pH in fluorescein using the proposed fluorescence lifetime measurement system. We also showed that cancer could be diagnosed based on this relationship by assessing differences in pH based fluorescence lifetime between cancer and normal tissues using two different types of tumor such as breast tumors (MDA-MB-361) and skin tumors (A375), where cancer tissues have ranged in pH from 4.5 to 7.0 and normal tissues have ranged in pH from 7.0 to 7.4. To support this approach, we performed hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining test of normal and cancer tissues within a certain area. From these results, we showed the ability to diagnose a cancer using FLE technique, which were consistent with the diagnosis of a cancer with H&E staining test. In summary, the proposed pH-based FLE technique could provide a real time, in vivo, and in-situ clinical diagnostic method for the cancer surgical and could be presented as an alternative to biopsy procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooran Lee
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea
| | - Byungyeon Kim
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea
| | - Byungjun Park
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea
| | - Youngjae Won
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea
- Intek-Medi, 123, Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea
| | - Seungrag Lee
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea.
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Development and characterization of mammary intraductal (MIND) spontaneous metastasis models for triple-negative breast cancer in syngeneic mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4681. [PMID: 32170125 PMCID: PMC7070052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a more aggressive phenotype and higher metastasis and recurrence rates than other breast cancer subtypes. TNBC currently lacks a transplantation model that is suitable for clinical simulations of the tumor microenvironment. Intraductal injection of tumor cells into the mammary duct could mimic the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Herein, we injected 4T1 cells into the mammary ducts of BALB/C mice to build a preclinical model of TNBC and optimized the related construction method to observe the occurrence and spontaneous metastasis of tumors. We compared the effects of different cell numbers on tumorigenesis rates, times to tumorigenesis, and metastases to determine the optimal number of cells for modelling. We demonstrated that 4T1-MIND model mice injected with 20,000 cells revealed a suitable tumor formation rate and time, thus indicating a potential treatment time window after distant metastasis. We also injected 20,000 cells directly into the breast fat pad or breast duct for parallel comparison. The results still showed that the 4T1-MIND model provides sufficient treatment time for lung metastases in mice and that it is a more reliable model for early tumor development. The 4T1-MIND model requires continuous improvement and optimization. A suitable and optimized model for translational research and studies on the microenvironment in TNBC should be developed.
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Sun Y, Miao H, Ma S, Zhang L, You C, Tang F, Yang C, Tian X, Wang F, Luo Y, Lin X, Wang H, Li C, Li Z, Yu H, Liu X, Xiao Y, Gong Y, Zhang J, Quan H, Xie C. FePt-Cys nanoparticles induce ROS-dependent cell toxicity, and enhance chemo-radiation sensitivity of NSCLC cells in vivo and in vitro. Cancer Lett 2018; 418:27-40. [PMID: 29331422 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
FePt-Cys nanoparticles (FePt-Cys NPs) have been well used in many fields, despite their poor solubility and stability. We synthetized a cysteine surface modified FePt NPs, which exhibited good solubility, stability and biocompatibility. We explored the insight mechanisms of the antitumor effects of this new nanoparticle system in lung cancer cells. In the in vitro study, FePt-Cys NPs induced a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, which suppressed the antioxidant protein expression and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, FePt-Cys NPs prevented the migration and invasion of H1975 and A549 cells. These changes were correlated with a dramatic decrease in MMP-2/9 expression and enhanced the cellular attachment. We demonstrated that FePt-Cys NPs promoted the effects of chemo-radiation through activation of the caspase system and impairment of DNA damage repair. In the in vivo study, no severe allergies or drug-related deaths were observed and FePt-Cys NPs showed a synergistic effect with cisplatin and radiation. In conclusion, with good safety and efficacy, FePt-Cys NPs could therefore be potential sensitizers for chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtao Miao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijing Ma
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengcheng You
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjie Lin
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongnv Yu
- Central Laboratory of Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Department of Medical Oncology, Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- The Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, USA
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Quan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Center for Medical Science Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Balhouse BN, Patterson L, Schmelz EM, Slade DJ, Verbridge SS. N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone interactions in the breast tumor microenvironment: Implications for breast cancer viability and proliferation in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180372. [PMID: 28692660 PMCID: PMC5503244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that the tumor microenvironment profoundly impacts the etiology and progression of breast cancer, yet the contribution of the resident microbiome within breast tissue remains poorly understood. Tumor microenvironmental conditions, such as hypoxia and dense tumor stroma, predispose progressive phenotypes and therapy resistance, however the role of bacteria in this interplay remains uncharacterized. We hypothesized that the effect of individual bacterial secreted molecules on breast cancer viability and proliferation would be modulated by these tumor-relevant stressors differentially for cells at varying stages of progression. To test this, we incubated human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-DCIS.com) and non-malignant breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) with N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OdDHL), a quorum-sensing molecule from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that regulates bacterial stress responses. This molecule was selected because Pseudomonas was recently characterized as a significant fraction of the breast tissue microbiome and OdDHL is documented to impact mammalian cell viability. After OdDHL treatment, we demonstrated the greatest decrease in viability with the more malignant MDA-MB-231 cells and an intermediate MCF-DCIS.com (ductal carcinoma in situ) response. The responses were also culture condition (i.e. microenvironment) dependent. These results contrast the MCF-10A response, which demonstrated no change in viability in any culture condition. We further determined that the observed trends in breast cancer viability were due to modulation of proliferation for both cell types, as well as the induction of necrosis for MDA-MB-231 cells in all conditions. Our results provide evidence that bacterial quorum-sensing molecules interact with the host tissue environment to modulate breast cancer viability and proliferation, and that the effect of OdDHL is dependent on both cell type as well as microenvironment. Understanding the interactions between bacterial signaling molecules and the host tissue environment will allow for future studies that determine the contribution of bacteria to the onset, progression, and therapy response of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N. Balhouse
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Logan Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Eva M. Schmelz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Scott S. Verbridge
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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