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Xu YD, Cheng M, Mao JX, Zhang X, Shang PP, Long J, Chen YJ, Wang Y, Yin LM, Yang YQ. Clara cell 10 (CC10) protein attenuates allergic airway inflammation by modulating lung dendritic cell functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:321. [PMID: 39078462 PMCID: PMC11335244 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a complex inflammatory disorder predominantly orchestrated by T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. The anti-inflammatory protein Clara Cell 10-kDa (CC10), also known as secretoglobin family 1A member 1 (SCGB1A1), shows promise in modulating respiratory diseases. However, its precise role in asthma remains unclear. This study examines the potential of CC10 to suppress allergic asthma inflammation, specifically assessing its regulatory effects on Th2 cell responses and dendritic cells (DCs). Lower CC10 levels in asthma were observed and correlated with increased IgE and lymphocytes. Cc10-/- mice exhibited exacerbated allergic airway inflammation marked by increased inflammatory cell infiltration, Th2 cytokines, serum antigen-specific IgE levels, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in house dust mite (HDM)-induced models. Conversely, recombinant CC10 significantly attenuated these inflammatory responses. Intriguingly, CC10 did not directly inhibit Th cell activation but significantly downregulated the population of CD11b+CD103- DCs subsets in lungs of asthmatic mice and modulated the immune activation functions of DCs through NF-κB signaling pathway. The mixed lymphocyte response assay revealed that DCs mediated the suppressive effect of CC10 on Th2 cell responses. Collectively, CC10 profoundly mitigates Th2-type allergic inflammation in asthma by modulating lung DC phenotype and functions, highlighting its therapeutic potential for inflammatory airway conditions and other related immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Xu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Cheng
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Xia Mao
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Shang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Long
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jiao Chen
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei-Miao Yin
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qing Yang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Han Z, Chen L, Peng H, Zheng H, Lin Y, Peng F, Fan Y, Xie X, Yang S, Wang Z, Yuan L, Wei X, Chen H. The role of thyroid hormone in the renal immune microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110172. [PMID: 37086678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential for proper kidney growth and development. The kidney is not only the organ of thyroid hormone metabolism but also the target organ of thyroid hormone. Kidney disease is a common type of kidney damage, mainly including different types of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and renal cell carcinoma. The kidney is often damaged by an immune response directed against its antigens or a systemic immune response. A variety of immune cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune kidney disease. Recent studies have found that thyroid hormone plays an indispensable role in the immune microenvironment of various kidney diseases. Thyroid hormones regulate the activity of neutrophils, and dendritic cells express triiodothyronine receptors. Compared to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism has a greater effect on neutrophils. Furthermore, in adaptive immune systems, thyroid hormone may activate T lymphocytes through several underlying mechanisms, such as mediating NF-κB, protein kinase C signalling pathways, and β-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased T lymphocyte activation. The present review discusses the effects of thyroid hormone metabolism regulation in the immune microenvironment on the function of various immune cells, especially neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. Although there are not enough data at this stage to conclude the clinical relevance of these findings, thyroid hormone metabolism may influence autoimmune kidney disease by regulating the renal immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuyan Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyao Peng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Peng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhe Fan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuli Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Simin Yang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanzhan Wang
- Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiuyan Wei
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Gao J, Xia Z, Vohidova D, Joseph J, Luo JN, Joshi N. Progress in non-viral localized delivery of siRNA therapeutics for pulmonary diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1400-1428. [PMID: 37139423 PMCID: PMC10150162 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging therapies based on localized delivery of siRNA to lungs have opened up exciting possibilities for treatment of different lung diseases. Localized delivery of siRNA to lungs has shown to result in severalfold higher lung accumulation than systemic route, while minimizing non-specific distribution in other organs. However, to date, only 2 clinical trials have explored localized delivery of siRNA for pulmonary diseases. Here we systematically reviewed recent advances in the field of pulmonary delivery of siRNA using non-viral approaches. We firstly introduce the routes of local administration and analyze the anatomical and physiological barriers towards effective local delivery of siRNA in lungs. We then discuss current progress in pulmonary delivery of siRNA for respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, acute lung injury, and lung cancer, list outstanding questions, and highlight directions for future research. We expect this review to provide a comprehensive understanding of current advances in pulmonary delivery of siRNA.
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Yokoo H, Oba M, Uchida S. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Emerging Tools for mRNA Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010078. [PMID: 35056974 PMCID: PMC8781296 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were previously shown to have great potential for preventive vaccination against infectious diseases and therapeutic applications in the treatment of cancers and genetic diseases. Delivery systems for mRNAs, including lipid- and polymer-based carriers, are being developed for improving mRNA bioavailability. Among these systems, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) of 4–40 amino acids have emerged as powerful tools for mRNA delivery, which were originally developed to deliver membrane-impermeable drugs, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids to cells and tissues. Various functionalities can be integrated into CPPs by tuning the composition and sequence of natural and non-natural amino acids for mRNA delivery. With the employment of CPPs, improved endosomal escape efficiencies, selective targeting of dendritic cells (DCs), modulation of endosomal pathways for efficient antigen presentation by DCs, and effective mRNA delivery to the lungs by dry powder inhalation have been reported; additionally, they have been found to prolong protein expression by intracellular stabilization of mRNA. This review highlights the distinctive features of CPP-based mRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetomo Yokoo
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan;
| | - Makoto Oba
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.O.); (S.U.); Tel.: +81-75-703-4937 (M.O.); +81-75-703-4938 (S.U.)
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan;
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.O.); (S.U.); Tel.: +81-75-703-4937 (M.O.); +81-75-703-4938 (S.U.)
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Lourenço LO, Ribeiro AM, Lopes FDTQDS, Tibério IDFLC, Tavares-de-Lima W, Prado CM. Different Phenotypes in Asthma: Clinical Findings and Experimental Animal Models. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:240-263. [PMID: 34542807 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a respiratory allergic disease presenting a high prevalence worldwide, and it is responsible for several complications throughout life, including death. Fortunately, asthma is no longer recognized as a unique manifestation but as a very heterogenic manifestation. Its phenotypes and endotypes are known, respectively, as pathologic and molecular features that might not be directly associated with each other. The increasing number of studies covering this issue has brought significant insights and knowledge that are constantly expanding. In this review, we intended to summarize this new information obtained from clinical studies, which not only allowed for the creation of patient clusters by means of personalized medicine and a deeper molecular evaluation, but also created a connection with data obtained from experimental models, especially murine models. We gathered information regarding sensitization and trigger and emphasizing the most relevant phenotypes and endotypes, such as Th2-high asthma and Th2-low asthma, which included smoking and obesity-related asthma and mixed and paucigranulocytic asthma, not only in physiopathology and the clinic but also in how these phenotypes can be determined with relative similarity using murine models. We also further investigated how clinical studies have been treating patients using newly developed drugs focusing on specific biomarkers that are more relevant according to the patient's clinical manifestation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Otávio Lourenço
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wothan Tavares-de-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ding L, Tang S, Wyatt TA, Knoell DL, Oupický D. Pulmonary siRNA delivery for lung disease: Review of recent progress and challenges. J Control Release 2021; 330:977-991. [PMID: 33181203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases are a leading cause of mortality worldwide and there exists urgent need for new therapies. Approval of the first siRNA treatments in humans has opened the door for further exploration of this therapeutic strategy for other disease states. Pulmonary delivery of siRNA-based biopharmaceuticals offers the potential to address multiple unmet medical needs in lung-related diseases because of the specific physiology of the lung and characteristic properties of siRNA. Inhalation-based siRNA delivery designed for efficient, targeted delivery to specific cells within the lung holds great promise. Efficient delivery of siRNA directly to the lung, however, is relatively complex. This review focuses on the barriers that impact pulmonary siRNA delivery and successful recent approaches to advance this field forward. We focus on the pulmonary barriers that affect siRNA delivery, the disease-dependent pathological changes and their role in pulmonary disease and impact on siRNA delivery, as well as the recent development on the pulmonary siRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska, Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Daren L Knoell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Azid NA, Ahmad S, Boer JC, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Mohammad N, Mohd Ashari NS, Tan HT, Chen X, Plebanski M, Mohamud R. A profile of TNFR2 + regulatory T cells and CD103 + dendritic cells in the peripheral blood of patients with asthma. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:634-643. [PMID: 32771274 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of tolerogenic CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) with regulatory T (Tregs) cells modulates immune responses by inducing immune tolerance. Hence, we determined the proportion of these cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of asthmatic patients. We observed lower trends of CD11b-CD103+ DCs and CD86 within CD11b-CD103+ DCs, while increased levels of Foxp3 expressing CD25+/-TNFR2+ cells in asthmatics. There was a positive correlation in the expression of Foxp3 within CD3+CD4+CD25+TNFR2+ Tregs and CD11b-CD103+ as well as the expression of CD86 within HLA-DR+CD11c+CD11b-CD103+ DCs. In conclusion, we suggest that the increased levels of Tregs in blood could continuously suppress the T helper 2 (Th2) cells activation in the circulation which is also supported by the increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TNF. Overall, functional immunoregulation of the regulatory cells, particularly Tregs, exhibit immune suppression and induce immune tolerance linked with the immune activation by the antigen presenting cells (APC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Azrini Azid
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer C Boer
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia.
| | - Mohammad A I Al-Hatamleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurashikin Mohammad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Hern Tze Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China.
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia.
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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8
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Wu S, Tang S, Peng H, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Liu Q, Zhu X. Effects of lentivirus-mediated CCR3 RNA interference on the function of mast cells of allergic rhinitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 78:106011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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De Smedt SC. Merging the best of two worlds: New excipients and old sugars deliver mRNA into lungs. J Control Release 2019; 314:177-178. [PMID: 31682914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Xia S, Chen Q, Niu B. CD28: A New Drug Target for Immune Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 21:589-598. [PMID: 31729942 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191114102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD28, a cell surface glycoprotein receptor, predominantly expressed on activated T cells, belongs to the Ig superfamily and provides a critical co-stimulatory signal. CTLA-4 has sequence homology to CD28, and is expressed on T cells after activation. It provides an inhibition signal coordinated with CD28 to regulate T cell activation. Both of them regulate T cell proliferation and differentiation and play an important role in the immune response pathway in vivo. OBJECTIVE We studied the special role of different structural sites of CD28 in producing costimulatory signals. METHODS We reviewed the relevant literature, mainly regarding the structure of CD28 to clarify its biological function, and its role in the immune response. RESULTS In recent years, increasingly attention has been paid to CD28, which is considered as a key therapeutic target for many modern diseases, especially some immune diseases. CONCLUSION In this paper, we mainly introduce the structure of CD28 and its related biological functions, as well as the application of costimulatory pathways targeting CD28 in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Xia
- College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Chen
- College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Niu
- College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Effective mRNA pulmonary delivery by dry powder formulation of PEGylated synthetic KL4 peptide. J Control Release 2019; 314:102-115. [PMID: 31629037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) has considerable potential as therapy or vaccine for a range of lung diseases. Inhaled dry powder formulation of mRNA is particularly attractive as it has superior stability and dry powder inhaler is relatively easy to use. A safe and effective mRNA delivery vector as well as a suitable particle engineering method are required to produce a dry powder formulation that is respirable and mediates robust transfection in the lung. Here, we introduce a novel RNA delivery vector, PEG12KL4, in which the synthetic cationic KL4 peptide is attached to a monodisperse linear PEG of 12-mers. The PEG12KL4 formed nano-sized complexes with mRNA at 10:1 ratio (w/w) and mediated effective transfection on human lung epithelial cells. PEG12KL4/mRNA complexes were successfully formulated into dry powder by spray drying (SD) and spray freeze drying (SFD) techniques. Both SD and SFD powder exhibited satisfactory aerosol properties for inhalation. More importantly, the biological activity of the PEG12KL4 /mRNA complexes were successfully preserved after drying. Using luciferase mRNA, the intratracheal administration of the liquid or powder aerosol of PEG12KL4 /mRNA complexes at a dose of 5μg mRNA resulted in luciferase expression in the deep lung region of mice 24h post-transfection. The transfection efficiency was superior to naked mRNA or lipoplexes (Lipofectamine 2000), in which luciferase expression was weaker and restricted to the tracheal region only. There was no sign of inflammatory response or toxicity of the PEG12KL4 /mRNA complexes after single intratracheal administration. Overall, PEG12KL4 is an excellent mRNA transfection agent for pulmonary delivery. This is also the first study that successfully demonstrates the preparation of inhalable dry powder mRNA formulations with in vivo transfection efficiency, showing the great promise of PEG12KL4 peptide as a mRNA delivery vector candidate for clinical applications.
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Zou X, Cai J, Li B, Wu S. Genetic association between cluster of differentiation 86 variations and sepsis risk: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17482. [PMID: 31651850 PMCID: PMC6824797 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) gene rs1129055 and rs2715267 single nucleotide polymorphisms and sepsis susceptibility.One hundred twenty-five sepsis patients and 120 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. CD86 polymorphisms rs1129055 and rs2715267 were genotyped through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism approach. Chi-square test was used to analyze differences in genotype and allele frequencies of the 2 polymorphisms between case and control groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the association strength of the polymorphisms with sepsis susceptibility.AA genotype and A allele frequencies of CD86 rs1129055 were significantly lower in sepsis patients than in healthy controls (P < .05), revealing their significant associations with decreased disease susceptibility (OR = 0.351, 95% CI = 0.169-0.728; OR = 0.593, 95% CI = 0.415-0.847). Nevertheless, rs2715267 had no significant association with sepsis susceptibility (P > .05).AA genotype and A allele of CD86 polymorphism rs1129055 might be correlated with decreased sepsis susceptibility in Chinese Han population, but not rs2715267. Further study should be performed to verify our findings.
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13
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Sun R, Yang Y, Gu Z, Tang X, Zhang C, Kou W, Wei P. Silencing of CD86 in dendritic cells by small interfering RNA regulates cytokine production in T cells from patients with allergic rhinitis in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3893-3900. [PMID: 31485639 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and role of the co‑stimulatory molecule T‑lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 (CD86) in dendritic cells (DCs) from the peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) compared with those from healthy individuals. It was observed that mature DCs from the peripheral blood of patients with AR expressed high levels of the co‑stimulatory molecule CD86, but not CD80, compared with healthy control subjects. CD86 expression levels in DCs decreased significantly following transfection with siRNA in a lentiviral vector. Furthermore, the level of transforming growth factor‑β1 produced by T cells co‑cultured with DCs was significantly increased in the siRNA group, while interleukin (IL)‑4 and IL‑5 production was significantly decreased. The findings of the present study indicated that CD86 may play a pivotal role in the regulatory T cell/type 2 helper T cell imbalance in allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sun
- Department of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xinye Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Kou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Dua K, Wadhwa R, Singhvi G, Rapalli V, Shukla SD, Shastri MD, Gupta G, Satija S, Mehta M, Khurana N, Awasthi R, Maurya PK, Thangavelu L, S R, Tambuwala MM, Collet T, Hansbro PM, Chellappan DK. The potential of siRNA based drug delivery in respiratory disorders: Recent advances and progress. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:714-730. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales Australia
- Centenary InstituteRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Faculty of Life Sciences and BiotechnologySouth Asian University New Delhi India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of PharmacyBirla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani India
| | | | - Shakti Dhar Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
| | - Madhur D. Shastri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and MedicineUniversity of Tasmania Launceston Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of PharmacySuresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
| | - Meenu Mehta
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Amity Institute of PharmacyAmity University Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of BiochemistryCentral University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana India
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental CollegeSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rajeshkumar S
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental CollegeSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUlster University, Coleraine London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Trudi Collet
- Inovative Medicines Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centenary InstituteRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of PharmacyInternational Medical University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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15
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Suzuki M, Matsumoto T, Toyoda K, Nakamura Y, Murakami S. Impacts of CD40- and CD86-Silenced Antigen-Specific B Cells on the Control of Allergies. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:513-523. [PMID: 31064207 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419848188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background We previously reported that CD40-silenced B cells inhibited allergic responses and symptoms. However, more potent therapies are needed. To our knowledge, the effects of CD86-silenced B cells and synergic effects of gene silencing in B cells by 2 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on allergic disease control have not been reported. Objective To investigate the effects of CD86-silenced B cells and synergic effects of gene silencing in B cells on allergic responses and symptoms. Methods Mice were treated with CD40- and/or CD86-silenced B cells transfected with siRNAs and pulsed with ovalbumin (OVA). And the effects of these B cells were estimated. Results CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed B cells significantly inhibited OVA-induced allergies. Treatment with CD40-/CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed B cells led to a significantly fewer sneezes and nasal rubbing movements, as well as lower OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, than that with CD40-silenced or CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed B cells alone. These inhibitory effects were observed prior to sensitization as well as after the establishment of allergic rhinitis. CD40-/CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed B cells did not inhibit keyhole limpet hemocyanin-induced allergies. CD40-/CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed B cells also significantly inhibited allergic symptoms and OVA-specific IgE level in sera compared with CD40-/CD86-silenced OVA-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs). In addition, CD19+CD40− B cells significantly increased in the nasal tissue after intravenous administration of these cells. Furthermore, CD40-/CD86-silenced B cells inhibited allergic symptoms caused by Cry j 1, a major aeroallergen of Japanese cedar pollen, and Cry j 1-specific IgE in sera. Conclusion This study showed, for the first time, that siRNA-induced CD86-silenced B cells significantly inhibited allergic responses and symptoms antigen-specifically, and that siRNA-induced CD40-/CD86-silenced antigen-specific B cells are a more useful antigen-specific therapy than CD40- or CD86-silenced B cells alone for the control of allergies. Furthermore, it was shown that CD40-/CD86-silenced B cells have stronger inhibition of IgE production and allergic symptoms than CD40-/CD86-silenced DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Suzuki
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamami Matsumoto
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiichi Toyoda
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakamura
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Murakami
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Tamura K, Matsumoto K, Fukuyama S, Kan-O K, Ishii Y, Tonai K, Tatsuta M, Enokizu A, Inoue H, Nakanishi Y. Frequency-dependent airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of emphysema and allergic inflammation. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29368450 PMCID: PMC5789724 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic airway inflammatory diseases characterized by airflow limitation, have different etiologies and pathophysiologies. Asthma–COPD Overlap (ACO) has recently been used for patients with mixed asthma and COPD. The pathophysiological mechanisms of ACO have not been clearly understood due to the lack of an appropriate murine model. To investigate its pathophysiology, we examined a murine model by allergen challenge in surfactant protein‐D (SP‐D)‐deficient mice that spontaneously developed pulmonary emphysema. SP‐D‐deficient mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA). Lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for analysis, and static lung compliance and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were measured 48 h after the last OVA challenge. In SP‐D‐deficient, naïve, or OVA‐challenged mice, the mean linear intercept and static lung compliance were increased compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. There was no significant difference in goblet cell hyperplasia and the gene expression of Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) between SP‐D‐deficient and WT OVA‐challenged mice. In SP‐D‐deficient OVA‐challenged mice, airway hyperresponsiveness was significantly enhanced despite the lower eosinophil count and the concentration of interleukin (IL)‐5 and IL‐13 in BALF compared with WT OVA‐challenged mice at 120 ventilations per minute. When mice were ventilated at a lower ventilation frequency of 100 ventilations per minute, elevated airway hyperresponsiveness in SP‐D‐deficient OVA‐challenged mice was diminished. This model of emphysematous change with allergic airway inflammation raises the possibility that frequency‐dependent airway hyperresponsiveness may be involved in the pathophysiology of ACO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tamura
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Fukuyama
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Kan-O
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Ishii
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Tonai
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyoko Tatsuta
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aimi Enokizu
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Genç D, Zibandeh N, Nain E, Gökalp M, Özen AO, Göker MK, Akkoç T. Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells down-regulate Th2-mediated immune response in asthmatic patients mononuclear cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:663-678. [PMID: 29498435 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which inflammatory responses have the polarisation of CD4+ T cells to Th2 cells. Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells (DFSCs) have strong anti-inflammatory properties comparable to other mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of DFSCs on CD4+ T helper cell responses of asthmatic patients and compared the results with those obtained with asthmatic subjects on immunotherapy and with healthy individuals. METHOD Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from immunotherapy naïve asthmatics, asthmatics on subcutaneous Der p1 immunotherapy and from healthy individuals. PBMC were pre-conditioned with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs, Der p1 or IFN-γ in the presence and absence of DFSCs and analysed for T cell viability and proliferation, CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cell frequencies, cytokine expression, and GATA3, T bet and FoxP3 expressions. Neutralisation of TGF-β and blockade of IDO and PGE2 pathways were performed to determine suppressive signalling pathways of DFSCs. RESULTS Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells suppressed proliferative responses of CD4+ T lymphocytes and increased the frequency of Treg cells. DFSCs decreased effector and effector memory CD4+ T cell phenotypes in favour of naïve T cell markers. DFSCs decreased IL-4 and GATA3 expression and increased IFN-γ, T-bet and IL-10 expression in asthmatics. Costimulatory molecules were suppressed in monocytes with DFSCs in the cocultures. DFSCs down-regulated inflammatory responses via IDO and TGF-β pathways in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells suppressed allergen-induced Th2-cell polarisation in favour of Th1 responses and attenuated antigen-presenting cell co-stimulatory activities. These studies suggest that DFSC-based cell therapy may provide pro-tolerogenic immunomodulation relevant to allergic diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Genç
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Zibandeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Nain
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Gökalp
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A O Özen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M K Göker
- Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T Akkoç
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Pinto BF, Medeiros NI, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Eloi-Santos SM, Fontes-Cal TCM, Rocha DA, Dutra WO, Correa-Oliveira R, Gomes JAS. CD86 Expression by Monocytes Influences an Immunomodulatory Profile in Asymptomatic Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:454. [PMID: 29599775 PMCID: PMC5857740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the chronic phase of Chagas disease, 60% of the patients develop the asymptomatic form known as indeterminate (IND). The remaining 30% of the patients develop a life-threatening form in which digestive and/or cardiac (CARD) alterations take place. The mechanisms underlying the development of severe forms of Chagas disease remain poorly understood. It is well known that interactions between immune cells such as monocytes and lymphocytes drive immune responses. Further, the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 expressed by monocytes and subsets induce lymphocyte activation, thereby triggering cellular immune response. Here, we revealed, for the first time, the functional-phenotypic profile of monocytes subsets in Chagas disease. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the effect of in vitro stimulation with Trypanosoma cruzi antigens on the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 in different monocyte subsets of patients with IND and CARD clinical forms of Chagas disease. We also assessed the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, TLR-9, HLA-DR, IL-10, and IL-12 in the monocyte subsets and of CTLA-4 and CD28, ligands of CD80 and CD86, in T lymphocytes. CD86 expression in all monocyte subsets was higher in IND patients when compared with non-infected (NI) individuals. After stimulation with T. cruzi, these patients also showed a higher frequency of CD4+CTLA-4+ T lymphocytes than NI individuals. We found an association between CD80 and CD28, and between CD86 and CTLA-4 expression, with a high frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells in IND patients. We proposed that CD86 may be involved in immunoregulation by its association with CTLA-4 in asymptomatic patients. CD86 and CTLA-4 interaction may influence Treg activation, and this could represent a new strategy to control inflammation and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna F Pinto
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tereza C M Fontes-Cal
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Débora A Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Walderez O Dutra
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, Brazil.,NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana A S Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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19
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García-Sánchez A, Marqués-García F. Review of Methods to Study Gene Expression Regulation Applied to Asthma. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1434:71-89. [PMID: 27300532 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3652-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression regulation is the cellular process that controls, increasing or decreasing, the expression of gene products (RNA or protein). A complex set of interactions between genes, RNA molecules, protein, and other components determined when and where specific genes are activated and the amount of protein or RNA produced. Here, we focus on several methods to study gene regulation applied to asthma and allergic research such as: Western Blot to identify and quantify proteins, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to study protein interactions with nucleic acids, and RNA interference (RNAi) by which gene expression could be silenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunción García-Sánchez
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), UniversityHospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Fernando Marqués-García
- Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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20
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Aun MV, Bonamichi-Santos R, Arantes-Costa FM, Kalil J, Giavina-Bianchi P. Animal models of asthma: utility and limitations. J Asthma Allergy 2017; 10:293-301. [PMID: 29158683 PMCID: PMC5683778 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s121092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies in asthma are not able to clear up all aspects of disease pathophysiology. Animal models have been developed to better understand these mechanisms and to evaluate both safety and efficacy of therapies before starting clinical trials. Several species of animals have been used in experimental models of asthma, such as Drosophila, rats, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, pigs, primates and equines. However, the most common species studied in the last two decades is mice, particularly BALB/c. Animal models of asthma try to mimic the pathophysiology of human disease. They classically include two phases: sensitization and challenge. Sensitization is traditionally performed by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes, but intranasal instillation of allergens has been increasingly used because human asthma is induced by inhalation of allergens. Challenges with allergens are performed through aerosol, intranasal or intratracheal instillation. However, few studies have compared different routes of sensitization and challenge. The causative allergen is another important issue in developing a good animal model. Despite being more traditional and leading to intense inflammation, ovalbumin has been replaced by aeroallergens, such as house dust mites, to use the allergens that cause human disease. Finally, researchers should define outcomes to be evaluated, such as serum-specific antibodies, airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodeling. The present review analyzes the animal models of asthma, assessing differences between species, allergens and routes of allergen administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Vivolo Aun
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bonamichi-Santos
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Kalil
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Giavina-Bianchi
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Li Y, Yu Q, Zhao W, Zhang J, Liu W, Huang M, Zeng X. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins attenuate airway inflammation in asthma by inhibiting dendritic cells maturation. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:209-217. [PMID: 28963930 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To date, although a promising anti-inflammatory activity of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) has been observed in asthma, the mechanism responsible for these immunomodulatory properties remains obscure. Dendritic cells (DCs) that reside in the airway have been widely perceived as an important contributor to asthma. Our study was to demonstrate OPCs' effects on maturation and immunoregulation of pulmonary CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs). BALB/c mice were exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) to induce murine model of asthma. In addition, pulmonary DCs and bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) cultures were used to evaluate impacts of OPCs on DCs function. The results obtained here indicated that OPCs treatment dramatically reduced airway inflammation, such as the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the levels of allergen-specific serum IgE and Th2 cytokines. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules especially CD86 distributed on pulmonary DCs and bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) also markedly declined. The phosphorylation of cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) was significantly inhibited while no changes were observed in the expression of cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM). By transferring BMDCs into the airways of naïve mice, we found that OPCs-treated DCs (DC+OVA+OPC) were much less potent in promoting CD4+ T cells proliferation than OVA-pulsed DCs (DC+OVA), followed by the ameliorated eosinophilic inflammation in airway. Our findings tailor a novel profile of OPCs in the regulation of DCs function, shedding new light on the therapeutic potential of OPCs in asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshan Li
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qijun Yu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wenxue Zhao
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Xiaoning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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22
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Nurwidya F, Takahashi F, Kato M, Baskoro H, Hidayat M, Wirawan A, Takahashi K. CD44 silencing decreases the expression of stem cell-related factors induced by transforming growth factor β1 and tumor necrosis factor α in lung cancer: Preliminary findings. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2017; 17:228-234. [PMID: 28446126 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2017.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying increased concentrations of cancer stem cell (CSC)-associated factors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of CD44 in the regulation of CSC-associated genes, by analyzing the effect of CD44 knockdown on their expression. A549, a NSCLC cell line that expresses CD44 antigen, was treated with TGFβ1 and TNFα. Small-interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) that specifically targets the CD44 gene was used to knockdown the expression of CD44 in A549. The gene expressions of CD44, CXCR4, POU5F1 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [Oct4]), PROM1, NANOG, c-Myc, KLF4, and SOX2, as well as of CDH1 (E-cadherin), CDH2 (N-cadherin), VIM (vimentin), and FN1 (fibronectin) were analyzed in A549 cells by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell morphology was observed using light microscopy. After TGFβ1/TNFα treatment, increased expressions of CXCR4 and POU5F1 were detected. Silencing of CD44 gene expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR. The knockdown of CD44 decreased the CXCR4 and POU5F1 gene expressions in TGFβ1/TNFα-treated A549 cells. However, the silencing of CD44 did not affect the morphology of TGFβ1/TNFα-treated A549 cells nor it reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signature induced by TGFβ1/TNFα in A549 cells. Our preliminary findings suggest that the CD44 gene may have a role in regulating CXCR4 and POU5F1 gene expressions, independently of the EMT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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23
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Oligonucleotide Therapy for Obstructive and Restrictive Respiratory Diseases. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010139. [PMID: 28106744 PMCID: PMC6155767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled oligonucleotide is an emerging therapeutic modality for various common respiratory diseases, including obstructive airway diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and restrictive airway diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The advantage of direct accessibility for oligonucleotide molecules to the lung target sites, bypassing systemic administration, makes this therapeutic approach promising with minimized potential systemic side effects. Asthma, COPD, and IPF are common chronic respiratory diseases, characterized by persistent airway inflammation and dysregulated tissue repair and remodeling, although each individual disease has its unique etiology. Corticosteroids have been widely prescribed for the treatment of asthma, COPD, and IPF. However, the effectiveness of corticosteroids as an anti-inflammatory drug is limited by steroid resistance in severe asthma, the majority of COPD cases, and pulmonary fibrosis. There is an urgent medical need to develop target-specific drugs for the treatment of these respiratory conditions. Oligonucleotide therapies, including antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) are now being evaluated both pre-clinically and clinically as potential therapeutics. The mechanisms of action of ASO and siRNA are highly target mRNA specific, ultimately leading to target protein knockdown. miRNA has both biomarker and therapeutic values, and its knockdown by a miRNA antagonist (antagomir) has a broader but potentially more non-specific biological outcome. This review will compile the current findings of oligonucleotide therapeutic targets, verified in various respiratory disease models and in clinical trials, and evaluate different chemical modification approaches to improve the stability and potency of oligonucleotides for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
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24
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Tan H, Pan P, Zhang L, Cao Z, Liu B, Li H, Su X. Nerve growth factor promotes expression of costimulatory molecules and release of cytokines in dendritic cells involved in Th2 response through LPS-induced p75NTR. J Asthma 2016; 53:989-98. [PMID: 27437725 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1185440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in asthmatic inflammatory responses. However, the effects of NGF on dendritic cells (DCs) in asthmatic inflammation remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of NGF on co-stimulatory molecules and the release of cytokines after ovalbumin (OVA) and a low dose of LPS (low LPS) stimulation of dendritic cells. METHODS Bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were collected from 6- to 8-week-old wide or TLR4(-/-) mice. BMDCs were treated with OVA and/or low LPS for 12h, and then stimulated with NGF for 24h. ELISA and flow cytometry were performed to measure TSLP, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 production and MHCII and CD86 expression on BMDCs. BMDCs were exposed to p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) inhibitor (TAT-Pep5) or NF-kB inhibitor (QNZ) 30 min prior to NGF 1 h after NGF intervention, the levels of RelA and RelB in cytoplasmic and nuclear were detected by west blot. Co-cultured BMDCs with naïve CD4(+) T cells, and ELISA was used to detect IL-4 and INF-γ levels. RESULTS NGF was found to markedly promote OVA and low LPS-induced expression of MHCII, CD86, secretion of TSLP and IL-6, and Th2-response-stimulating capacity of BMDCs. NGF affected BMDCs through LPS-induced p75NTR expression. TAT-Pep5 or QNZ could attenuate the promotive effect of NGF. CONCLUSIONS NGF facilitates OVA with lowLPS-induced maturation of mouse BMDCs through LPS-up-regulated p75 NTR via activation of NF-κB pathways, providing another mechanism for the involvement of NGF in the Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Tan
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Lemeng Zhang
- b Department of Thoracic Medicine , Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Zu Cao
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Ben Liu
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Haitao Li
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
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Delivery of RNAi Therapeutics to the Airways-From Bench to Bedside. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091249. [PMID: 27657028 PMCID: PMC6272875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent and specific post-transcriptional gene silencing process. Since its discovery, tremendous efforts have been made to translate RNAi technology into therapeutic applications for the treatment of different human diseases including respiratory diseases, by manipulating the expression of disease-associated gene(s). Similar to other nucleic acid-based therapeutics, the major hurdle of RNAi therapy is delivery. Pulmonary delivery is a promising approach of delivering RNAi therapeutics directly to the airways for treating local conditions and minimizing systemic side effects. It is a non-invasive route of administration that is generally well accepted by patients. However, pulmonary drug delivery is a challenge as the lungs pose a series of anatomical, physiological and immunological barriers to drug delivery. Understanding these barriers is essential for the development an effective RNA delivery system. In this review, the different barriers to pulmonary drug delivery are introduced. The potential of RNAi molecules as new class of therapeutics, and the latest preclinical and clinical studies of using RNAi therapeutics in different respiratory conditions are discussed in details. We hope this review can provide some useful insights for moving inhaled RNAi therapeutics from bench to bedside.
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Samitas K, Malmhäll C, Rådinger M, Ramos-Ramirez P, Lu Y, Deák T, Semitekolou M, Gaga M, Sjöstrand M, Lötvall J, Bossios A. Precursor B Cells Increase in the Lung during Airway Allergic Inflammation: A Role for B Cell-Activating Factor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161161. [PMID: 27513955 PMCID: PMC4981371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cells, key cells in allergic inflammation, differentiate in the bone marrow and their precursors include pro-B, pre-B and immature B cells. Eosinophil progenitor cells increase in the lung after allergen exposure. However, the existence and possible role of B cell precursors in the lung during allergic inflammation remains elusive. Methods A BALB/c mouse model of allergic airway inflammation was utilized to perform phenotypic and quantification analyses of pro-B and pre-B cells in the lung by flow cytometry. B cell maturation factors IL-7 and B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and their receptors (CD127 and BAFFR, BCMA, TACI, respectively) were also evaluated in the lung and serum. The effect of anti-BAFF treatment was investigated both in vivo (i.p. administration of BAFF-R-Ig fusion protein) and in vitro (colony forming cell assay). Finally, BAFF levels were examined in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of asthmatic patients and healthy controls. Results Precursor pro and pre-B cells increase in the lung after allergen exposure, proliferate in the lung tissue in vivo, express markers of chemotaxis (CCR10 and CXCR4) and co-stimulation (CD40, CD86) and are resistant to apoptosis (Bax). Precursor B cells express receptors for BAFF at baseline, while after allergen challenge both their ligand BAFF and the BCMA receptor expression increases in B cell precursors. Blocking BAFFR in the lung in vivo decreases eosinophils and proliferating precursor B cells. Blocking BAFFR in bone marrow cultures in vitro reduces pre-B colony formation units. BAFF is increased in the BAL of severe asthmatics. Conclusion Our data support the concept of a BAFF-mediated role for B cell precursors in allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Samitas
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Dept. and Asthma Center, Athens Chest Hospital “Sotiria”, Athens, Greece
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Ramos-Ramirez
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - You Lu
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tünde Deák
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Semitekolou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mina Gaga
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Dept. and Asthma Center, Athens Chest Hospital “Sotiria”, Athens, Greece
| | - Margareta Sjöstrand
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Man DK, Chow MY, Casettari L, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Lam JK. Potential and development of inhaled RNAi therapeutics for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:21-32. [PMID: 27108702 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to pose a serious threat to public health, and the situation is worsening with the rapid emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) TB. Current TB regimens require long duration of treatment, and their toxic side effects often lead to poor adherence and low success rates. There is an urgent need for shorter and more effective treatment for TB. In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful tool for studying gene function by silencing the target genes. The survival of Mtb in host macrophages involves the attenuation of the antimicrobial responses mounted by the host cells. RNAi technology has helped to improve our understanding of how these bacilli interferes with the bactericidal effect and host immunity during TB infection. It has been suggested that the host-directed intervention by modulation of host pathways can be employed as a novel and effective therapy against TB. This therapeutic approach could be achieved by RNAi, which holds enormous potential beyond a laboratory to the clinic. RNAi therapy targeting TB is being investigated for enhancing host antibacterial capacity or improving drug efficacy on drug resistance strains while minimizing the associated adverse effects. One of the key challenges of RNAi therapeutics arises from the delivery of the RNAi molecules into the target cells, and inhalation could serve as a direct administration route for the treatment of pulmonary TB in a non-invasive manner. However, there are still major obstacles that need to be overcome. This review focuses on the RNAi candidates that are currently explored for the treatment of TB and discusses the major barriers of pulmonary RNAi delivery. From this, we hope to stimulate further studies of local RNAi therapeutics for pulmonary TB treatment.
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Said EA, Al-Reesi I, Al-Riyami M, Al-Naamani K, Al-Sinawi S, Al-Balushi MS, Koh CY, Al-Busaidi JZ, Idris MA, Al-Jabri AA. Increased CD86 but Not CD80 and PD-L1 Expression on Liver CD68+ Cells during Chronic HBV Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158265. [PMID: 27348308 PMCID: PMC4922653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure to establish potent anti-HBV T cell responses suggests the absence of an effective innate immune activation. Kupffer cells and liver-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages have an essential role in establishing anti-HBV responses. These cells express the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. CD80 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) induces Th1 cell differentiation, whereas CD86 expression drives the differentiation towards a Th2 profile. The relative expression of CD80, CD86 and PD-L1 on APCs, regulates T cell activation. Few studies investigated CD80 and CD86 expression on KCs and infiltrating monocytes/macrophages in HBV-infected liver and knowledge about the expression of PD-L1 on these cells is controversial. The expression of these molecules together in CD68+ cells has not been explored in HBV-infected livers. METHODS Double staining immunohistochemistry was applied to liver biopsies of HBV-infected and control donors to explore CD80, CD86 and PD-L1 expression in the lobular and portal areas. RESULTS Chronic HBV infection was associated with increased CD68+CD86+ cell count and percentage in the lobular areas, and no changes in the count and percentage of CD68+CD80+ and CD68+PD-L1+ cells, compared to the control group. While CD68+CD80+ cell count in portal areas correlated with the fibrosis score, CD68+CD80+ cell percentage in lobular areas correlated with the inflammation grade. CONCLUSION The upregulation of CD86 but not CD80 and PD-L1 on CD68+ cells in HBV-infected livers, suggests that these cells do not support the induction of potent Th1. Moreover, the expression of CD80 on CD68+ cells correlates with liver inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A. Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Iman Al-Reesi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Marwa Al-Riyami
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Shadia Al-Sinawi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Balushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Crystal Y. Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Juma Z. Al-Busaidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohamed A. Idris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ali A. Al-Jabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 35, Code: 123, Muscat, Oman
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Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease which causes recurrent breathlessness affecting 300 million people worldwide of whom 250,000 die annually. The epigenome is a set of heritable modifications and tags that affect the genome without changing the intrinsic DNA sequence. These marks include DNA methylation, modifications to histone proteins around which DNA is wrapped and expression of noncoding RNA. Alterations in all of these processes have been reported in patients with asthma. In some cases these differences are linked to disease severity and susceptibility and may account for the limited value of genetic studies in asthma. Animal models of asthma suggest that epigenetic modifications and processes are linked to asthma and may be tractable targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Brook
- Imperial College London, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Mark M Perry
- Imperial College London, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Imperial College London, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Andrew L Durham
- Imperial College London, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
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Xie Y, Merkel OM. Pulmonary Delivery of siRNA via Polymeric Vectors as Therapies of Asthma. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:681-8. [PMID: 26148454 PMCID: PMC4665213 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease. Despite the fact that current therapies, such as the combination of inhaled corticosteroids and β2-agonists, can control the symptoms of asthma in most patients, there is still an urgent need for an alternative anti-inflammatory therapy for patients who suffer from severe asthma but lack acceptable response to conventional therapies. Many molecular factors are involved in the inflammatory process in asthma, and thus blocking the function of these factors could efficiently alleviate airway inflammation. RNA interference (RNAi) is often thought to be the answer in the search for more efficient and biocompatible treatments. However, difficulties of efficient delivery of small interference RNA (siRNA), the key factor in RNAi, to target cells and tissues have limited its clinical application. In this review, we summarize cytokines and chemokines, transcription factors, tyrosine kinases, and costimulatory factors that have been reported as targets of siRNA-mediated treatment in experimental asthma. Additionally, we conclude several targeted delivery systems of siRNA to specific cells such as T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which could potentially be applied in asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201
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Wang C, Gui Q, Zhang K. Functional polymorphisms in CD86 gene are associated with susceptibility to pneumonia-induced sepsis. APMIS 2015; 123:433-8. [PMID: 25912130 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an illness in which the body has a severe response to bacteria or other germs. A bacterial infection in the body such as lungs may set off the response that leads to the disease. CD86 (B7-2) is expressed on various immune cells and plays critical roles in immune responses. Genetic polymorphisms in CD86 gene may affect the development of several diseases. Here, we evaluated the association between two CD86 polymorphisms (rs1915087C/T and rs2332096T/G) and susceptibility to pneumonia-induced sepsis. CD86 rs1915087C/T and rs2332096T/G were identified in 186 pneumonia-induced septic patients and 196 healthy controls in the Chinese population. Results revealed that subjects with rs1915087CT and TT genotypes had significantly lower risk of pneumonia-induced sepsis than those with CC genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37-0.91, p = 0.017, and OR = 0.40, 95%CI, 0.21-0.76, p = 0.005]. However, prevalence of rs2332096GG genotype and G allele were significantly increased in patients than in healthy controls (OR = 2.75, 95%CI, 1.46-5.16, p = 0.001, and OR = 1.65, 95%CI, 1.21-2.24, p = 0.001]. We further investigated functions of these two polymorphisms by assessing gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in monocytes. Data showed subjects carrying rs2332096GG genotype had significantly decreased level of CD86 in monocytes than those carrying rs2332096TT genotype. These results indicate that CD86 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to pneumonia-induced sepsis and may affect gene expression in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Misra RS. A Review of the CD4+ T Cell Contribution to Lung Infection, Inflammation and Repair with a Focus on Wheeze and Asthma in the Pediatric Population. EC MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 1:4-14. [PMID: 26280024 PMCID: PMC4533840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Childhood asthma and wheezing are very common, especially in those born preterm. Genetic and environmental factors are associated with developing asthma and wheezing. Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infections have been implicated in playing a causal role in the development of childhood asthma and wheezing, perhaps by altering the development of the immune system. Several subtypes of asthma and wheezing have been described which involve different mechanisms of pathophysiology. Much of the recent work in the field of asthma research has focused on describing unique aspects of these disease subtypes, which could lead to new drug targets. Alterations in CD4+ T cells have been described with alterations in the T helper 1, 2, 17 and regulatory cell balance could provide valuable targets for the development of new treatment strategies for the various subtypes of disease. This review article focuses on factors involved in childhood asthma and wheeze and potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Misra
- Corresponding Author: Ravi S Misra, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics. University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 850, Rochester, NY 14623, New York,
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