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Zheng X, Zhang W, Wan X, Lv X, Lin P, Si S, Xue F, Wang A, Cao Y. The effects of Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular risk factors, glycemic control and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:59. [PMID: 38641818 PMCID: PMC11027355 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the impact of the Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular risk factors, glycemic control and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D) by a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrance Library, EMBASE and four Chinese databases to identify RCTs that compared the Mediterranean diet with control diets in patients with T2D up to December 2021. The Risk of Bias of the included studies was assessed using the version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools for randomized trials (ROB 2). Seven RCTs with 1371 patients met the eligibility criteria and entered into the meta-analysis. Compared to control diets, the beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet were not statistically significant in high-density lipoprotein (MD = 2.33; 95% CI: -0.27 to 4.92), low-density lipoprotein (MD = -2.34; 95% CI -5.67 to 0.99) and total cholesterol (MD = 2.60; 95% CI: -0.95 to 6.15). But Mediterranean diet led to reduce the level of diastolic blood pressure (MD = -1.20; 95% CI: -2.21 to -0.19) and systolic blood pressure (MD = -4.17; 95% CI: -7.12 to -1.22). Meanwhile, Mediterranean diet showed beneficial effects in glycemic control (HbA1[%]: MD = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.58 to -0.20; fasting plasma glucose: MD = -15.12, 95% CI: -24.69 to -5.55) and weight loss (BMI: MD = -0.71, 95% CI: -1.30 to -0.78; WC: MD = -1.69; 95% CI: -3.35 to -0.02) compared to the control diets. The meta-analysis presented evidence supporting the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet on blood pressure, glycemic control, and weight loss. However, the impact of the Mediterranean diet on the lipid profile was not found to be significant, warranting further verification. This Meta-analysis was registered on the INPLASY website (Registration number: INPLASY 202160096).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wan
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Shucheng Si
- Institute for Medical Dataology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Institute for Medical Dataology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yingjuan Cao
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China.
- Theory & Practice Innovation Research Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China.
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