1
|
Wang Y, Kim M, Buckley C, Maynard HD, Langley RJ, Perry JK. Growth hormone receptor agonists and antagonists: From protein expression and purification to long-acting formulations. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4727. [PMID: 37428391 PMCID: PMC10443362 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and GH receptor antagonists (GHAs) are used clinically to treat a range of disorders associated with GH deficiency or hypersecretion, respectively. However, these biotherapeutics can be difficult and expensive to manufacture with multiple challenges from recombinant protein generation through to the development of long-acting formulations required to improve the circulating half-life of the drug. In this review, we summarize methodologies and approaches used for making and purifying recombinant GH and GHA proteins, and strategies to improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, including PEGylation and fusion proteins. Therapeutics that are in clinical use or are currently under development are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Minah Kim
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Chantal Buckley
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ries J. Langley
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Jo K. Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryAucklandNew Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chow LT, Vassylyev DG. Application of a Novel CL7/Im7 Affinity System in Purification of Complex and Pharmaceutical Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2466:61-82. [PMID: 35585311 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2176-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have developed the CL7/Im7 protein purification system to achieve high-yield, high-purity and high-activity (HHH) products in one step. The system is based on the natural ultrahigh-affinity complex between the two small proteins encoded by colicinogenic plasmids carried by certain E. coli strains, the DNAse domain of colicin E7 (CE7; MW ~ 15 kDa) and its natural endogenous inhibitor, the immunity protein 7 (Im7; MW ~ 10 kDa). CL7 is an engineered variant of CE7, in which the toxic DNA-binding and catalytic activities have been eliminated while retaining the high affinity to Im7. CL7 is used as a protein tag, while Im7 is covalently attached to agarose beads. To make the CL7/Im7 technique easy to use, we have designed a set of the E. coli expression vectors for fusion of a target protein to the protease-cleavable CL7-tag either at the N- or the C-terminus, and also have the options of the dual (CL7/His8) tag. A subset of vectors is dedicated for cloning membrane and multisubunit proteins. The CL7/Im7 system has several notable advatantages over other available affinity purification techniques. First, high concentrations of the small Im7 protein are coupled to the beads resulting in the high column capacities (up to 60 mg/mL). Second, an exceptional stability of Im7 allows for multiple (100+) regeneration cycles with no loss of binding capacities. Third, the CL7-tag improves protein expression levels, solubility and, in some cases, assists folding of the target proteins. Fourth, the on-column proteolytic elution produces purified proteins with few or no extra amino acid residues. Finally, the CL7/Im7 affinity is largely insensitive to high salt concentrations. For many target proteins, loading the bacterial lysates on the Im7 column in high salt is a key to high purity. Altogether, these properties of the CL7/Im7 system allow for a one-step HHH purification of most challenging, biologically and clinically significant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise T Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dmitry G Vassylyev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amaranto M, Vaccarello P, Correa EME, Barra JL, Godino A. Novel intein-based self-cleaving affinity tag for recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2021; 332:126-134. [PMID: 33878389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated several intein-based self-cleaving affinity tags for expression and single-step affinity chromatography purification of recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli. We used human growth hormone (hGH) as target protein that contains two internal disulfide bridges and an N-terminal phenylalanine. Use of N-terminal thiol-induced Sce VMA1 intein affinity tag resulted in purified hGH deficient in disulfide bonds. Inteins with self-cleavage inducible by pH and/or temperature shift were analyzed. N-terminal Ssp DnaX intein affinity tag resulted in a completely cleaved cytosolic protein, whereas N-terminal Ssp DnaB intein affinity tag resulted in a cytosolic fusion protein incapable of releasing hGH. Periplasmic expression of target protein was analyzed using an N-terminal signal peptide and C-terminal Ssp DnaX pH-inducible self-cleaving affinity tag. The fusion protein was properly expressed in pH 8 buffered culture medium. Fusion of a periplasmic signal peptide to the N-terminus of the POI allowed secretion to the periplasmic region and presence of the natural N-terminal amino acid of the POI following cleavage. Periplasmic expression of hGH fused to this novel C-terminal DnaX intein-based self-cleaving affinity tag made possible expression and purification of hGH protein containing disulfide bonds and free of extra amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilla Amaranto
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Paula Vaccarello
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Elisa M E Correa
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - José L Barra
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Agustina Godino
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seifi Moroudi R, Ansari Mahyari S, Vaez Torshizi R, Lanjanian H, Masoudi-Nejad A. Identification of new genes and quantitative trait locis associated with growth curve parameters in F2 chicken population using genome-wide association study. Anim Genet 2021; 52:171-184. [PMID: 33428266 DOI: 10.1111/age.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The markers which are correlated with the growth curve parameters help in understanding the characteristics of individual growth during the rearing of livestock. This study aimed to identify a set of biomarkers through a GWAS for growth curve parameters in crossbred chickens using the Illumnia 60K chicken SNP Beadchip. Growth data were collected from a total of 301 birds from cross of a broiler line and native chickens. Using the Gompertz-Laird model, two growth curve parameters, the instantaneous growth rate per day (L) and the coefficient of relative growth or maturing index (k), were estimated. The L and k were used to estimate five derived parameters, namely asymptotic (mature) body weight, body weight at inflection point, age at the inflection point, average growth rate and maximum growth rate. These parameters were considered as phenotypic values in the GWAS based on generalized linear models. The results of the GWAS indicated 21 significant markers, which were located near or within 46 genes. A number of these genes, such as GH, RET, GRB14, FTSJ3 and CCK, are important for growth and meat quality in chickens, and some of them are growth related in other species such as sheep and cattle (GPI, XIRP2, GALNTL6, BMS1, THSD4, TRHDE, SHISA9, ACSL6 and DYNC1LI2). The other genes are associated with developmental biological pathways. These genes are particuarly related to body weight, average daily gain and growth QTL. The results of this study can shed light on the genetic mechanism of biological functions of growth factors in broiler chickens, which is useful for developing management practices and accelerating genetic progress in breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Seifi Moroudi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box 841583111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Ansari Mahyari
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box 841583111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R Vaez Torshizi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
| | - H Lanjanian
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - A Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Skowron PM, Krawczun N, Żebrowska J, Krefft D, Żołnierkiewicz O, Bielawa M, Jeżewska-Frąckowiak J, Janus Ł, Witkowska M, Palczewska M, Zylicz-Stachula A. An efficient method for the construction of artificial, concatemeric DNA, RNA and proteins with genetically programmed functions, using a novel, vector-enzymatic DNA fragment amplification-expression technology. MethodsX 2020; 7:101070. [PMID: 33083239 PMCID: PMC7551362 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr M. Skowron
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
- BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
- Corresponding author at: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
| | - Natalia Krawczun
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
- BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| | - Joanna Żebrowska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
- BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| | - Daria Krefft
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
- BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| | - Olga Żołnierkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Jeżewska-Frąckowiak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
- BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| | - Łukasz Janus
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
- BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Witkowska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Palczewska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zylicz-Stachula
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
- BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Skowron PM, Krawczun N, Zebrowska J, Krefft D, Zołnierkiewicz O, Bielawa M, Jezewska-Frackowiak J, Janus L, Witkowska M, Palczewska M, Schumacher A, Wardowska A, Deptula M, Czupryn A, Mucha P, Piotrowski A, Sachadyn P, Rodziewicz-Motowidlo S, Pikula M, Zylicz-Stachula A. A vector-enzymatic DNA fragment amplification-expression technology for construction of artificial, concatemeric DNA, RNA and proteins for novel biomaterials, biomedical and industrial applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110426. [PMID: 31923928 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A DNA fragment amplification/expression technology for the production of new generation biomaterials for scientific, industrial and biomedical applications is described. The technology enables the formation of artificial Open Reading Frames (ORFs) encoding concatemeric RNAs and proteins. It recruits the Type IIS SapI restriction endonuclease (REase) for an assembling of DNA fragments in an ordered head-to-tail-orientation. The technology employs a vector-enzymatic system, dedicated to the expression of newly formed, concatemeric ORFs from strong promoters. Four vector series were constructed to suit specialised needs. As a proof of concept, a model amplification of a 7-amino acid (aa) epitope from the S protein of HBV virus was performed, resulting in 500 copies of the epitope-coding DNA segment, consecutively linked and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Furthermore, a peptide with potential pro-regenerative properties (derived from an angiopoietin-related growth factor) was designed. Its aa sequence was back-translated, codon usage optimized and synthesized as a continuous ORF 10-mer. The 10-mer was cloned into the amplification vector, enabling the N-terminal fusion and multiplication of the encoded protein with MalE signal sequence. The obtained genes were expressed, and the proteins were purified. Conclusively, we show that the proteins are neither cytotoxic nor immunogenic and they have a very low allergic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr M Skowron
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland.
| | - Natalia Krawczun
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| | - Joanna Zebrowska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| | - Daria Krefft
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| | - Olga Zołnierkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Jezewska-Frackowiak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| | - Lukasz Janus
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Witkowska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Palczewska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Adriana Schumacher
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Poland
| | - Anna Wardowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Poland; Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Milena Deptula
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Artur Czupryn
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Piotr Mucha
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416, Poland; International Research Agenda - 3P Medicine Lab, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416, Poland
| | - Pawel Sachadyn
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | | | - Michal Pikula
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Poland; Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zylicz-Stachula
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; BioVentures Institute Ltd., Poznan 60-141, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mikiewicz D, Plucienniczak A, Bierczynska-Krzysik A, Skowronek A, Wegrzyn G. Novel Expression Vectors Based on the pIGDM1 Plasmid. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:763-773. [PMID: 31347014 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most widely used hosts for the production of heterologous proteins. Within this host, the choice of cloning vector constitutes a key factor for a satisfactory amplified expression of a target gene. We aimed to develop novel, unpatented expression vectors that enable the stable maintenance and efficient overproduction of proteins in E. coli. A series of expression vectors based on the ColE1-like pIGDM1 plasmid were constructed. The vectors named pIGDMCT7RS, pIGDM4RS and pIGDMKAN carry various antibiotic resistance genes: chloramphenicol, ampicillin or kanamycin, respectively. Two derivatives contain the inducible T7 promoter while the third one bears the constitutive pms promoter from a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The pIGDM1-derivatives are compatible with other ColE1-like plasmids commonly used in molecular cloning. The pIGDMCT7RS and pIGDM4RS vectors contain genes encoding AGA and AGG tRNAs, which supplement the shortage of these tRNAs, increasing the efficiency of synthesis of heterologous proteins. In conclusion, pIGDMCT7RS, pIGDM4RS and pIGDMKAN vectors, with significantly improved features, including compatibility with vast majority of other plasmids, were designed and constructed. They enable a high-level expression of a desired recombinant gene and therefore constitute a potential, valuable tool for pharmaceutical companies and research laboratories for their own research or for the production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mikiewicz
- Research Network ŁUKASIEWICZ - Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Staroscinska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Plucienniczak
- Research Network ŁUKASIEWICZ - Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Staroscinska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bierczynska-Krzysik
- Research Network ŁUKASIEWICZ - Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Staroscinska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skowronek
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre of Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Grzegorz Wegrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pudlarz AM, Czechowska E, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Tomaszewska E, Celichowski G, Grobelny J, Szemraj J. Immobilization of Recombinant Human Catalase on Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:717-735. [PMID: 29299755 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human catalase cDNA was cloned into a pEX-C-His vector. Purified recombinant catalase was immobilized on nanoparticles. Gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized in a variety of sizes by chemical reduction; no agglomerates or aggregates were observed in any of the colloids during dynamic light scattering or scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis. After immobilization on gold nanoparticles, recombinant catalase activity was found to be lower than that of the same amount of enzyme in aqueous solution. However, after 10 days of storage at room temperature, the activity of catalase immobilized on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 13 and 20 nm and coverage of 133% was 68 and 83% greater than catalase in aqueous solution, respectively. During 10 days of experiment, percentage activity of catalase immobilized on those gold nanoparticles was higher in comparison to CAT in aqueous solution. Catalase immobilized on silver nanoparticles did not lose activity as significantly as catalase immobilized on AuNPs. Those results confirm the ability to produce recombinant human enzymes in a bacterial expression system and its potential use while immobilized on silver or gold nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Małgorzata Pudlarz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Division of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Czechowska
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Emilia Tomaszewska
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Celichowski
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Division of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|