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Jeong Y, Han X, Vyas K, Irudayaraj J. Microbial β-Glucuronidase Hydrogel Beads Activate Chemotherapeutic Prodrug. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28093-28103. [PMID: 38775441 PMCID: PMC11164065 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria-assisted chemotherapeutics have been highlighted as an alternative or supplementary approach to treating cancer. However, dynamic cancer-microbe studies at the in vitro level have remained a challenge to show the impact and effectiveness of microbial therapeutics due to the lack of relevant coculture models. Here, we demonstrate a hydrogel-based compartmentalized system for prodrug activation of a natural ingredient of licorice root, glycyrrhizin, by microbial β-glucuronidase (GUS). Hydrogel containment with Lactococcus lactis provides a favorable niche to encode GUS enzymes with excellent permeability and can serve as an independent ecosystem in the transformation of pro-apoptotic materials. Based on the confinement system of GUS expressing microbes, we quantitatively evaluated chemotherapeutic effects enhanced by microbial GUS enzyme in two dynamic coculture models in vitro (i.e., 2D monolayered cancer cells and 3D tumor spheroids). Our findings support the processes of prodrug conversion mediated by bacterial GUS enzyme which can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a chemotherapy drug under dynamic coculture conditions. We expect our in vitro coculture platforms can be used for the evaluation of pharmacological properties and biological activity of xenobiotics as well as the potential impact of microbes on cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
- Cancer
Center at Illinois, Carle-Illinois College
of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
| | - Xiaoxue Han
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
- Cancer
Center at Illinois, Carle-Illinois College
of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
| | - Khushali Vyas
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
- Cancer
Center at Illinois, Carle-Illinois College
of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
- Carl
R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
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2
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Sharrock AV, Mumm JS, Bagdžiūnas G, Čėnas N, Arcus VL, Ackerley DF. The Crystal Structure of Engineered Nitroreductase NTR 2.0 and Impact of F70A and F108Y Substitutions on Substrate Specificity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076633. [PMID: 37047605 PMCID: PMC10095097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nitroreductase enzymes that convert prodrugs to cytotoxins are valuable tools for creating transgenic targeted ablation models to study cellular function and cell-specific regeneration paradigms. We recently engineered a nitroreductase (“NTR 2.0”) for substantially enhanced reduction of the prodrug metronidazole, which permits faster cell ablation kinetics, cleaner interrogations of cell function, ablation of previously recalcitrant cell types, and extended ablation paradigms useful for modelling chronic diseases. To provide insight into the enhanced enzymatic mechanism of NTR 2.0, we have solved the X-ray crystal structure at 1.85 Angstroms resolution and compared it to the parental enzyme, NfsB from Vibrio vulnificus. We additionally present a survey of reductive activity with eight alternative nitroaromatic substrates, to provide access to alternative ablation prodrugs, and explore applications such as remediation of dinitrotoluene pollutants. The predicted binding modes of four key substrates were investigated using molecular modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail V. Sharrock
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Jeff S. Mumm
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Gintautas Bagdžiūnas
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Vilnius, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Narimantas Čėnas
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Vilnius, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vickery L. Arcus
- Te Aka Mātuatua-School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - David F. Ackerley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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3
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Zhao H, Li D, Liu J, Zhou X, Han J, Wang L, Fan Z, Feng L, Zuo J, Wang Y. Bifidobacterium breve predicts the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in Chinese NSCLC patients. Cancer Med 2023; 12:6325-6336. [PMID: 36205311 PMCID: PMC10028067 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gut microbes play an important role in the occurrence of lung cancer, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbes in patients with lung cancer and investigated the effect of gut microbes on anti-PD-1 therapy combined with chemotherapy. METHODS Fecal samples from 21 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 22 healthy volunteers who were treated in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2019 to 2021 were collected. DNA was extracted from all samples, and the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was PCR-amplified using the Illumina sequencing platform, and R language was used for data analysis. RESULTS There were significant differences in the Beta diversity and metabolic pathways of gut microbes between NSCLC patients and healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Bifidobacterium, Escherichia, and Sarterella were significantly enriched in patients with clinical benefit response (p < 0.05), and these three bacteria had certain predictive value for clinical benefit. Patients with Bifidobacterium breve had significantly longer median progression-free survival (mPFS) compared with patients with no detectable Bifidobacterium breve feces at baseline (106 days vs. NR, p < 0.001). Multivariate COX analysis showed that the presence of B.breve was an independent good prognostic factor affecting the PFS of patients receiving combination therapy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy combined with chemotherapy in Chinese advanced NSCLC patients is closely related to the gut microbiota, and Bifidobacterium breve may be a potential biomarker to predict the efficacy of immune-combined chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinliang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhisong Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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4
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A rapid screening platform to coculture bacteria within tumor spheroids. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2216-2239. [PMID: 35906291 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of tumor-colonizing bacteria along with advances in synthetic biology are leading to a new generation of living microbial cancer therapies. Because many bacterial systems can be engineered to recombinantly produce therapeutics within tumors, simple and high-throughput experimental platforms are needed to screen the large collections of bacteria candidates and characterize their interactions with cancer cells. Here, we describe a protocol to selectively grow bacteria within the core of tumor spheroids, allowing for their continuous and parallel profiling in physiologically relevant conditions. Specifically, tumor spheroids are incubated with bacteria in a 96-well low-adhesion plate followed by a series of washing steps and an antibiotic selection protocol to confine bacterial growth within the hypoxic and necrotic core of tumor spheroids. This bacteria spheroid coculture (BSCC) system is stable for over 2 weeks, does not require specialized equipment and is compatible with time-lapse microscopy, commercial staining assays and histology that uniquely enable analysis of growth kinetics, viability and spatial distribution of both cellular populations, respectively. We show that the procedure is applicable to multiple tumor cell types and bacterial species by varying protocol parameters and is validated by using animal models. The BSCC platform will allow the study of bacteria-tumor interactions in a continuous manner and facilitate the rapid development of engineered microbial therapies.
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5
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Dhakal B, Li CMY, Li R, Yeo K, Wright JA, Gieniec KA, Vrbanac L, Sammour T, Lawrence M, Thomas M, Lewis M, Perry J, Worthley DL, Woods SL, Drew P, Sallustio BC, Smith E, Horowitz JD, Maddern GJ, Licari G, Fenix K. The Antianginal Drug Perhexiline Displays Cytotoxicity against Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro: A Potential for Drug Repurposing. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041043. [PMID: 35205791 PMCID: PMC8869789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Perhexiline, a prophylactic anti-anginal drug, has been reported to have anti-tumour effects both in vitro and in vivo. Perhexiline as used clinically is a 50:50 racemic mixture ((R)-P) of (-) and (+) enantiomers. It is not known if the enantiomers differ in terms of their effects on cancer. In this study, we examined the cytotoxic capacity of perhexiline and its enantiomers ((-)-P and (+)-P) on CRC cell lines, grown as monolayers or spheroids, and patient-derived organoids. Treatment of CRC cell lines with (R)-P, (-)-P or (+)-P reduced cell viability, with IC50 values of ~4 µM. Treatment was associated with an increase in annexin V staining and caspase 3/7 activation, indicating apoptosis induction. Caspase 3/7 activation and loss of structural integrity were also observed in CRC cell lines grown as spheroids. Drug treatment at clinically relevant concentrations significantly reduced the viability of patient-derived CRC organoids. Given these in vitro findings, perhexiline, as a racemic mixture or its enantiomers, warrants further investigation as a repurposed drug for use in the management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimala Dhakal
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Celine Man Ying Li
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Runhao Li
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Kenny Yeo
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Josephine A. Wright
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
| | - Krystyna A. Gieniec
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
- Department of Medical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Laura Vrbanac
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
- Department of Medical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tarik Sammour
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
- Department of Medical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Michelle Thomas
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Mark Lewis
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Joanne Perry
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (M.L.); (M.T.); (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Daniel L. Worthley
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
| | - Susan L. Woods
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.A.W.); (K.A.G.); (L.V.); (T.S.); (D.L.W.); (S.L.W.)
- Department of Medical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Paul Drew
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Benedetta C. Sallustio
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Eric Smith
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - John D. Horowitz
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Guy J. Maddern
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Giovanni Licari
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (K.F.)
| | - Kevin Fenix
- Department of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (B.D.); (C.M.Y.L.); (R.L.); (K.Y.); (P.D.); (E.S.); (G.J.M.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; (B.C.S.); (J.D.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (K.F.)
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6
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Mascheroni P, Meyer-Hermann M, Hatzikirou H. Investigating the Physical Effects in Bacterial Therapies for Avascular Tumors. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1083. [PMID: 32582070 PMCID: PMC7287150 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting bacteria elicit anticancer effects by infiltrating hypoxic regions, releasing toxic agents and inducing immune responses. Although current research has largely focused on the influence of chemical and immunological aspects on the mechanisms of bacterial therapy, the impact of physical effects is still elusive. Here, we propose a mathematical model for the anti-tumor activity of bacteria in avascular tumors that takes into account the relevant chemo-mechanical effects. We consider a time-dependent administration of bacteria and analyze the impact of bacterial chemotaxis and killing rate. We show that active bacterial migration toward tumor hypoxic regions provides optimal infiltration and that high killing rates combined with high chemotactic values provide the smallest tumor volumes at the end of the treatment. We highlight the emergence of steady states in which a small population of bacteria is able to constrain tumor growth. Finally, we show that bacteria treatment works best in the case of tumors with high cellular proliferation and low oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Mascheroni
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Haralampos Hatzikirou
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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7
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Li J, Chai Z, Lu J, Xie C, Ran D, Wang S, Zhou J, Lu W. ɑ vβ 3-targeted liposomal drug delivery system with attenuated immunogenicity enabled by linear pentapeptide for glioma therapy. J Control Release 2020; 322:542-554. [PMID: 32277962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the binding capacity to ɑvβ3 integrin overexpressed on glioma, vasculogenic mimicry and neovasculature, the peptide c(RGDyK) has been exploited pervasively to functionalize nanocarriers for targeted delivery of bioactives. The former study in our group substantiated the immunotoxicity of c(RGDyK)-modified liposome, and this unfavorable immunogenicity is known to compromise blood circulation, targeting efficacy and therapeutic outcome. Therefore, we need to find a superior alternative ligand in order to evade the exquisite immuno-sensitization. We developed mn by structure-guided peptide design and retro-inverso isomerization technique, which was experimentally substantiated to have exceptional binding affinity to ɑvβ3 integrin. Besides mn does not have affinity toward normal liver cells and kidney cells, which c(RGDyK) possesses in a certain degree. Warranting that mn and c(RGDyK) anchored ɑvβ3, we formulated peptide-tethered liposomes and investigated in vivo bio-fate. Compared with c(RGDyK)-modified liposome, mn-modified liposome presented longer blood circulation and reduced ingestion by Kupffer cells with decreased retention in liver accordingly, benefitting from attenuated anti-liposome IgG and IgM response elicited by multiple sequential doses. Those merits strengthened the anti-glioma efficacy of ɑvβ3-targeted doxorubicin-loaded liposomes, proving the importance of immunocompatibility in process of targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhilan Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiasheng Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cao Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Danni Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Songli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianfen Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Zhongshan Hospital and Institute of Fudan-Minghang Academic Health System, Minghang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, China.
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8
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Kasper SH, Morell-Perez C, Wyche TP, Sana TR, Lieberman LA, Hett EC. Colorectal cancer-associated anaerobic bacteria proliferate in tumor spheroids and alter the microenvironment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5321. [PMID: 32210258 PMCID: PMC7093526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports show that colorectal tumors contain microbiota that are distinct from those that reside in a 'normal' colon environment, and that these microbiota can contribute to cancer progression. Fusobacterium nucleatum is the most commonly observed species in the colorectal tumor microenvironment and reportedly influences disease progression through numerous mechanisms. However, a detailed understanding of the role of this organism in cancer progression is limited, in part due to challenges in maintaining F. nucleatum viability under standard aerobic cell culture conditions. Herein we describe the development of a 3-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid model that can harbor and promote the growth of anaerobic bacteria. Bacteria-tumor cell interactions and metabolic crosstalk were extensively studied by measuring the kinetics of bacterial growth, cell morphology and lysis, cancer-related gene expression, and metabolomics. We observed that viable F. nucleatum assembles biofilm-like structures in the tumor spheroid microenvironment, whereas heat-killed F. nucleatum is internalized and sequestered in the cancer cells. Lastly, we use the model to co-culture 28 Fusobacterium clinical isolates and demonstrate that the model successfully supports co-culture with diverse fusobacterial species. This bacteria-spheroid co-culture model enables mechanistic investigation of the role of anaerobic bacteria in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Kasper
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | - Thomas P Wyche
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Theodore R Sana
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda A Lieberman
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik C Hett
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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Abstract
The engineering of living cells and microbes is ushering in a new era of cancer therapy. Due to recent microbiome studies indicating the prevalence of bacteria within the human body and specifically in tumor tissue, bacteria have generated significant interest as potential targets for cancer therapy. Notably, a multitude of empirical studies over the past decades have demonstrated that administered bacteria home and grow in tumors due to reduced immune surveillance of tumor necrotic cores. Given their specificity for tumors, bacteria present a unique opportunity to be engineered as intelligent delivery vehicles for cancer therapy with synthetic biology techniques. In this review, we discuss the history, current state, and future challenges associated with using bacteria as a cancer therapy.
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10
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Sun Z, Yue Z, Yang X, Hao X, Song M, Li L, Chen C, Chu C, Li C. Efficient Phytase Secretion and Phytate Degradation by Recombinant Bifidobacterium longum JCM 1217. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:796. [PMID: 31040837 PMCID: PMC6476914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering of probiotics, like bifidobacteria, may improve their microbial cell factory economy. This work designed a novel shuttle plasmid pBPES, which bears exogenous appA and is stable within Bifidobacterium longum JCM 1217. Cloning of three predicted promoters into pBPES proved that all of them drive appA expression in B. longum JCM 1217. Transformation of plasmids pBPES-tu and pBPES-groEL into B. longum JCM1217 resulted in much more phytase secretion suggests P tu and P groEL are strong promoters. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments suggested B. longum JCM 1217/pBPES-tu degrades phytate efficiently. In conclusion, the study screened two stronger promoters and constructed a recombinant live probiotic strain for effectively phytase secretion and phytate degradation in gut. The strategy used in the study provided a novel technique for improving the bioaccessibility of phytate and decreasing phosphorus excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongke Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zonghao Yue
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xingdong Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xinqi Hao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Maoping Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou, China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Cuiwei Chu
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou, China
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11
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Harimoto T, Singer ZS, Velazquez OS, Zhang J, Castro S, Hinchliffe TE, Mather W, Danino T. Rapid screening of engineered microbial therapies in a 3D multicellular model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9002-9007. [PMID: 30996123 PMCID: PMC6500119 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820824116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology is transforming therapeutic paradigms by engineering living cells and microbes to intelligently sense and respond to diseases including inflammation, infections, metabolic disorders, and cancer. However, the ability to rapidly engineer new therapies far outpaces the throughput of animal-based testing regimes, creating a major bottleneck for clinical translation. In vitro approaches to address this challenge have been limited in scalability and broad applicability. Here, we present a bacteria-in-spheroid coculture (BSCC) platform that simultaneously tests host species, therapeutic payloads, and synthetic gene circuits of engineered bacteria within multicellular spheroids over a timescale of weeks. Long-term monitoring of bacterial dynamics and disease progression enables quantitative comparison of critical therapeutic parameters such as efficacy and biocontainment. Specifically, we screen Salmonella typhimurium strains expressing and delivering a library of antitumor therapeutic molecules via several synthetic gene circuits. We identify candidates exhibiting significant tumor reduction and demonstrate high similarity in their efficacies, using a syngeneic mouse model. Last, we show that our platform can be expanded to dynamically profile diverse microbial species including Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli in various host cell types. This high-throughput framework may serve to accelerate synthetic biology for clinical applications and for understanding the host-microbe interactions in disease sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Harimoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Zakary S Singer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Oscar S Velazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Joanna Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Samuel Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Taylor E Hinchliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - William Mather
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tal Danino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027;
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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12
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Osswald A, Hedrich V, Sommergruber W. 3D-3 Tumor Models in Drug Discovery for Analysis of Immune Cell Infiltration. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1953:151-162. [PMID: 30912021 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9145-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cross talk between tumor cells and other cells present in the tumor microenvironment such as stromal and immune cells highly influences the behavior and progression of disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of interaction is a prerequisite to develop new treatment strategies and to prevent or at least reduce therapy failure in the future. Specific reactivation of the patient's immune system is one of the major goals today. However, standard two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques lack the necessary complexity to address related questions. Novel three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models-embedded in a matrix or encapsulated in alginate-recapitulate the in vivo situation much better. Cross talk between different cell types can be studied starting from co-cultures. As cancer immune modulation is becoming a major research topic, 3D in vitro models represent an important tool to address immune regulatory/modulatory questions for T, NK, and other cells of the immune system. The 3D systems consisting of tumor cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells (3D-3) already proved as a reliable tool for us. For instance, we made use of those models to study the molecular mechanisms of the cross talk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and fibroblasts, to unveil macrophage plasticity in the tumor microenvironment and to mirror drug responses in vivo. Generation of those 3D models and how to use them to study immune cell infiltration and activation will be described in the present book chapter.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Bioreactors
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cells, Immobilized/drug effects
- Cells, Immobilized/immunology
- Cells, Immobilized/pathology
- Coculture Techniques/methods
- Drug Discovery/methods
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/immunology
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viola Hedrich
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Bifidobacterium breve as a delivery vector of IL-24 gene therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. Gene Ther 2017; 24:699-705. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Nanoparticles for cancer gene therapy: Recent advances, challenges, and strategies. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Chatzinikolaidou M. Cell spheroids: the new frontiers in in vitro models for cancer drug validation. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1553-1560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Kriston-Vizi J, Flotow H. Getting the whole picture: High content screening using three-dimensional cellular model systems and whole animal assays. Cytometry A 2016; 91:152-159. [PMID: 27403779 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic or High Content Screening (HCS) is becoming more widely used for primary screening campaigns in drug discovery. Currently the vast majority of HCS campaigns are using cell lines grown in well-established monolayer cultures (2D tissue culture). There is widespread recognition that the more biologically relevant 3D tissue culture technologies such as spheroids and organoids and even whole animal assays will eventually be run as primary HCS. Upgrading the IT infrastructure to cope with the increase in data volumes requires investments in hardware (and software) and this will be manageable. However, the main bottleneck for the effective adoption and use of 3D tissue culture and whole animal assays in HCS is anticipated to be the development of software for the analysis of 3D images. In this review we summarize the current state of the available software and how they may be applied to analyzing 3D images obtained from a HCS campaign. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Kriston-Vizi
- Bioinformatics Image Core, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Horst Flotow
- HDC GmbH, Byk Gulden Strasse 2, Konstanz, Germany
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