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Trichez D, Carneiro CVGC, Braga M, Almeida JRM. Recent progress in the microbial production of xylonic acid. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:127. [PMID: 35668329 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the production of renewable chemicals from biomass has increased in the past years. Among these chemicals, carboxylic acids represent a significant part of the most desirable bio-based products. Xylonic acid is a five-carbon sugar-acid obtained from xylose oxidation that can be used in several industrial applications, including food, pharmaceutical, and construction industries. So far, the production of xylonic acid has not yet been available at an industrial scale; however, several microbial bio-based production processes are under development. This review summarizes the recent advances in pathway characterization, genetic engineering, and fermentative strategies to improve xylonic acid production by microorganisms from xylose or lignocellulosic hydrolysates. In addition, the strengths of the available microbial strains and processes and the major requirements for achieving biotechnological production of xylonic acid at a commercial scale are discussed. Efficient native and engineered microbial strains have been reported. Xylonic acid titers as high as 586 and 171 g L-1 were obtained from bacterial and yeast strains, respectively, in a laboratory medium. Furthermore, relevant academic and industrial players associated with xylonic acid production will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Trichez
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, EMBRAPA Agroenergia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Clara Vida G C Carneiro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, EMBRAPA Agroenergia, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Microbial Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Melissa Braga
- Innovation and Business Office, EMBRAPA Agroenergia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo M Almeida
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, EMBRAPA Agroenergia, Brasília, Brazil. .,Graduate Program of Microbial Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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5
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Fan XM, Shen JJ, Xu YY, Gao J, Zhang YW. Metabolic integration of azide functionalized glycan on Escherichia coli cell surface for specific covalent immobilization onto magnetic nanoparticles with click chemistry. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 324:124689. [PMID: 33450627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A method for specific immobilization of whole-cell with covalent bonds was developed through a click reaction between alkyne and azide groups. In this approach, magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-alkyne was synthesized with Fe3O4 core preparation, SiO2 coating, and alkyne functionalization on the surface. The azides were successfully integrated onto the cell surface of the recombinant E. coli harboring glycerol dehydrogenase, which was employed as the model cell. The highest immobilization yield of 83% and activity recovery of 94% were obtained under the conditions of 0.67 mg mg-1 cell-support ratio, pH 6.0, temperature 45 °C, and 20 mM Cu2+ concentration. The immobilized cell showed good reusability, which remained over 50% of initial activity after 10 cycles of utilization. Its activity was 9.7-fold higher than that of the free cell at the condition of pH 8.0 and each optimal temperature. Furthermore, the immobilized cell showed significantly higher activity, operational stability, and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, 535100 Qinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, 535100 Qinzhou, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Qin Z, Yang Y, Yu S, Liu L, Chen Y, Chen J, Zhou J. Repurposing the Endogenous Type I-E CRISPR/Cas System for Gene Repression in Gluconobacter oxydans WSH-003. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:84-93. [PMID: 33399467 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gluconobacter oxydans is well-known for its incomplete oxidizing capacity and has been widely applied in industrial production. However, genetic tools in G. oxydans are still scarce compared with model microorganisms, limiting its metabolic engineering. This study aimed to develop a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) system based on the typical type I-E endogenous CRISPR/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) system in G. oxydans WSH-003. The nuclease Cas3 in this system was inactivated naturally and hence did not need to be knocked out. Subsequently, the CRISPRi effect was verified by repressing the expression of fluorescent proteins, revealing effective multiplex gene repression. Finally, the endogenous CRISPRi system was used to study the role of the central carbon metabolism pathway, including the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and Entner-Doudoroff pathway (EDP), in G. oxydans WSH-003. This was done to demonstrate a metabolic engineering application. The PPP was found to be important for cell growth and the substrate conversion rate. The development of the CRISPRi system enriched the gene regulation tools in G. oxydans and promoted the metabolic engineering modification of G. oxydans to improve its performance. In addition, it might have implications for metabolic engineering modification of other genetically recalcitrant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yutong Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Li Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yue Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Velasco-Lozano S, Roca M, Leal-Duaso A, Mayoral JA, Pires E, Moliner V, López-Gallego F. Selective oxidation of alkyl and aryl glyceryl monoethers catalysed by an engineered and immobilised glycerol dehydrogenase. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12009-12020. [PMID: 34123216 PMCID: PMC8162780 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04471g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes acting over glyceryl ethers are scarce in living cells, and consequently biocatalytic transformations of these molecules are rare despite their interest for industrial chemistry. In this work, we have engineered and immobilised a glycerol dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (BsGlyDH) to accept a battery of alkyl/aryl glyceryl monoethers and catalyse their enantioselective oxidation to yield the corresponding 3-alkoxy/aryloxy-1-hydroxyacetones. QM/MM computational studies decipher the key role of D123 in the oxidation catalytic mechanism, and reveal that this enzyme is highly enantioselective towards S-isomers (ee > 99%). Through structure-guided site-selective mutagenesis, we find that the mutation L252A sculpts the active site to accommodate a productive configuration of 3-monoalkyl glycerols. This mutation enhances the k cat 163-fold towards 3-ethoxypropan-1,2-diol, resulting in a specific activity similar to the one found for the wild-type towards glycerol. Furthermore, we immobilised the L252A variant to intensify the process, demonstrating the reusability and increasing the operational stability of the resulting heterogeneous biocatalyst. Finally, we manage to integrate this immobilised enzyme into a one-pot chemoenzymatic process to convert glycidol and ethanol into 3-ethoxy-1-hydroxyacetone and (R)-3-ethoxypropan-1,2-diol, without affecting the oxidation activity. These results thus expand the uses of engineered glycerol dehydrogenases in applied biocatalysis for the kinetic resolution of glycerol ethers and the manufacturing of substituted hydroxyacetones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Catálisis Heterogénea en Síntesis Orgánicas Selectivas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC), University of Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Maite Roca
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I 12071 Castelló Spain
| | - Alejandro Leal-Duaso
- Catálisis Heterogénea en Síntesis Orgánicas Selectivas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC), University of Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - José A Mayoral
- Catálisis Heterogénea en Síntesis Orgánicas Selectivas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC), University of Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Depto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Elisabet Pires
- Catálisis Heterogénea en Síntesis Orgánicas Selectivas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC), University of Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Depto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Vicent Moliner
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I 12071 Castelló Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Catálisis Heterogénea en Síntesis Orgánicas Selectivas, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC), University of Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 20014 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science María Díaz de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
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