DNA steganography: hiding undetectable secret messages within the single nucleotide polymorphisms of a genome and detecting mutation-induced errors

Cryptographic approaches to authenticating synthetic DNA sequences

In a bioeconomy that relies on synthetic DNA sequences, the ability to ensure their authenticity is critical. DNA watermarks can encode identifying data in short sequences and can be combined with error correction and encryption protocols to ensure that sequences are robust to errors and securely communicated. New digital signature techniques allow for public verification that a sequence has not been modified and can contain sufficient information for synthetic DNA to be self-documenting. In translating these techniques from bacteria to more complex genetically modified organisms (GMOs), special considerations must be made to allow for public verification of these products. We argue that these approaches should be widely implemented to assert authorship, increase the traceability, and detect the unauthorized use of synthetic DNA.

A Secure Steganographic Channel Using DNA Sequence Data and a Bio-Inspired XOR Cipher

Secure communication is becoming an urgent need in a digital world where tera bytes of sensitive information are sent back and forth over public networks. In this paper, we combine the power of both encryption and Steganography to build a secure channel of communication between two parties. The proposed method uses DNA sequence data as a cover to hide the secret message. The hiding process is performed in phases that start with a complementary substitution operation followed by a random insertion process. Furthermore, and before the hiding process takes place, the message is encrypted to secure its contents. Here, we propose an XOR cipher that is also based on how DNA data is digitally represented and stored. A fixed-size header is embedded right before the message itself to facilitate the blind extraction process. The experimental results showed an outstanding performance of the proposed technique, in comparison with other methods, in terms of capacity, security, as well as blind extraction.

For the sake of the Bioeconomy: define what a Synthetic Biology Chassis is!

At the onset of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the role of synthetic biology (SynBio) as a fuel for the bioeconomy requires clarification of the terms typically adopted by this growing scientific-technical field. The concept of the chassis as a defined, reusable biological frame where non-native components can be plugged in and out to create new functionalities lies at the boundary between frontline bioengineering and more traditional recombinant DNA technology. As synthetic biology leaves academic laboratories and starts penetrating industrial and environmental realms regulatory agencies demand clear definitions and descriptions of SynBio constituents, processes and products. In this article, the state of the ongoing discussion on what is a chassis is reviewed, a non-equivocal nomenclature for the jargon used is proposed and objective criteria are recommended for distinguishing SynBio agents from traditional GMOs. The use of genomic barcodes as unique identifiers is strongly advocated. Finally the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida is shown as an example of the roadmap that one environmental isolate may go through to become a bona fide SynBio chassis.