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Guo L, Xi B, Lu L. Strategies to enhance production of metabolites in microbial co-culture systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131049. [PMID: 38942211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that microbial synthesis plays an important role in producing high value-added products. However, microbial monoculture generally hampers metabolites production and limits scalability due to the increased metabolic burden on the host strain. In contrast, co-culture is a more flexible approach to improve the environmental adaptability and reduce the overall metabolic burden. The well-defined co-culturing microbial consortia can tap their metabolic potential to obtain yet-to-be discovered and pre-existing metabolites. This review focuses on the use of a co-culture strategy and its underlying mechanisms to enhance the production of products. Notably, the significance of comprehending the microbial interactions, diverse communication modes, genetic information, and modular co-culture involved in co-culture systems were highlighted. Furthermore, it addresses the current challenges and outlines potential future directions for microbial co-culture. This review provides better understanding the diversity and complexity of the interesting interaction and communication to advance the development of co-culture techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Guo
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Bingwen Xi
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Liushen Lu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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2
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Xu H, Yuan Z, Yang S, Su Z, Hou XD, Deng Z, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Discovery of a Fungal P450 with an Unusual Two-Step Mechanism for Constructing a Bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane Skeleton. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8716-8726. [PMID: 38484171 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The successful biomimetic or chemoenzymatic synthesis of target natural products (NPs) and their derivatives relies on enzyme discovery. Herein, we discover a fungal P450 BTG5 that can catalyze the formation of a bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane structure through an unusual two-step mechanism of dimerization and cyclization in the biosynthesis of beticolin 1, whose bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane skeleton connects an anthraquinone moiety and a xanthone moiety. Further investigation reveals that BTG5-T318 not only determines the substrate selectivity but also alters the catalytic reactions, which allows the separation of the reaction to two individual steps, thereby understanding its catalytic mechanism. It reveals that the first heterodimerization undergoes the common oxidation process for P450s, while the second uncommon formal redox-neutral cyclization step is proved as a redox-mediated reaction, which has never been reported. Therefore, this work advances our understanding of P450-catalyzed reactions and paves the way for expansion of the diversity of this class of NPs through synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Sai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zengping Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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3
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Su Z, Guo B, Xu H, Yuan Z, Liu H, Guo T, Deng Z, Zhang Y, Yin D, Liu C, Chen JH, Rao Y. Synthetic Biology-based Construction of Unnatural Perylenequinones with Improved Photodynamic Anticancer Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317726. [PMID: 38258338 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The construction of structural complexity and diversity of natural products is crucial for drug discovery and development. To overcome high dark toxicity and poor photostability of natural photosensitizer perylenequinones (PQs) for photodynamic therapy, herein, we aim to introduce the structural complexity and diversity to biosynthesize the desired unnatural PQs in fungus Cercospora through synthetic biology-based strategy. Thus, we first elucidate the intricate biosynthetic pathways of class B PQs and reveal how the branching enzymes create their structural complexity and diversity from a common ancestor. This enables the rational reprogramming of cercosporin biosynthetic pathway in Cercospora to generate diverse unnatural PQs without chemical modification. Among them, unnatural cercosporin A displays remarkably low dark toxicity and high photostability with retention of great photodynamic anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Moreover, it is found that, unlike cercosporin, unnatural cercosporin A could be selectively accumulated in cancer cells, providing potential targets for drug development. Therefore, this work provides a comprehensive foundation for preparing unnatural products with customized functions through synthetic biology-based strategies, thus facilitating drug discovery pipelines from nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengping Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Baodang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Huibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Tao Guo
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Dejing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Changmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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4
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Tsipinana S, Husseiny S, Alayande KA, Raslan M, Amoo S, Adeleke R. Contribution of endophytes towards improving plant bioactive metabolites: a rescue option against red-taping of medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1248319. [PMID: 37771494 PMCID: PMC10522919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants remain a valuable source for natural drug bioprospecting owing to their multi-target spectrum. However, their use as raw materials for novel drug synthesis has been greatly limited by unsustainable harvesting leading to decimation of their wild populations coupled with inherent low concentrations of constituent secondary metabolites per unit mass. Thus, adding value to the medicinal plants research dynamics calls for adequate attention. In light of this, medicinal plants harbour endophytes which are believed to be contributing towards the host plant survival and bioactive metabolites through series of physiological interference. Stimulating secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants by using endophytes as plant growth regulators has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective methods for increasing metabolite syntheses. Use of endophytes as plant growth promotors could help to ensure continuous supply of medicinal plants, and mitigate issues with fear of extinction. Endophytes minimize heavy metal toxicity in medicinal plants. It has been hypothesized that when medicinal plants are exposed to harsh conditions, associated endophytes are the primary signalling channels that induce defensive reactions. Endophytes go through different biochemical processes which lead to activation of defence mechanisms in the host plants. Thus, through signal transduction pathways, endophytic microorganisms influence genes involved in the generation of secondary metabolites by plant cells. Additionally, elucidating the role of gene clusters in production of secondary metabolites could expose factors associated with low secondary metabolites by medicinal plants. Promising endophyte strains can be manipulated for enhanced production of metabolites, hence, better probability of novel bioactive metabolites through strain improvement, mutagenesis, co-cultivation, and media adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinawo Tsipinana
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Samah Husseiny
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kazeem A. Alayande
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mai Raslan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Stephen Amoo
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council – Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Roodeplaat, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Liu H, Luo Z, Rao Y. Manipulation of fungal cell wall integrity to improve production of fungal natural products. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 125:49-78. [PMID: 38783724 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Fungi, as an important industrial microorganism, play an essential role in the production of natural products (NPs) due to their advantages of utilizing cheap raw materials as substrates and strong protein secretion ability. Although many metabolic engineering strategies have been adopted to enhance the biosynthetic pathway of NPs in fungi, the fungal cell wall as a natural barrier tissue is the final and key step that affects the efficiency of NPs synthesis. To date, many important progresses have been achieved in improving the synthesis of NPs by regulating the cell wall structure of fungi. In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss various strategies for modifying the cell wall structure of fungi to improve the synthesis of NPs. At first, the cell wall structure of different types of fungi is systematically described. Then, strategies to disrupt cell wall integrity (CWI) by regulating the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides and binding proteins are summarized, which have been applied to improve the synthesis of NPs. In addition, we also summarize the studies on the regulation of CWI-related signaling pathway and the addition of exogenous components for regulating CWI to improve the synthesis of NPs. Finally, we propose the current challenges and essential strategies to usher in an era of more extensive manipulation of fungal CWI to improve the production of fungal NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhengshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.
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Yang Z, Liu H, Su Z, Xu H, Yuan Z, Rao Y. Enhanced production of aspochalasin D through genetic engineering of Aspergillus flavipes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2911-2920. [PMID: 37004567 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Aspochalasin D (AD) belongs to the polyketide-amino acid hybrid natural products with anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-fouling bioactivities. However, the low production limits its further application. In this study, AD was separated and identified from Aspergillus flavipes 3.17641. Next, besides the optimization of culture conditions using a single-factor experiment and response surface methodology, metabolic engineering was employed to increase the AD production. It shows that the deletion of the shunt gene aspoA and overexpression of the pathway-specific regulator aspoG significantly improve the AD production. Its production reached to 812.1 mg/L under the optimized conditions, with 18.5-fold increase. Therefore, this study not only provides a general method for improving the production of similar natural products in other fungi, but also enables the further biological function development of AD in agriculture and pharmaceutical. KEY POINTS: • The Aspochalasin D (AD) production was improved by optimizing culture conditions. • The deletion of the shunt gene aspoA increased the AD production. • Overexpression of the pathway regulator aspoG further improved the AD production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zengping Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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7
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Deng H, Liang X, Liu J, Zheng X, Fan TP, Cai Y. Advances and perspectives on perylenequinone biosynthesis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1070110. [PMID: 36605511 PMCID: PMC9808054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1070110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Under illumination, the fungal secondary metabolites, perylenequinones (PQs) react with molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in excess can damage cellular macromolecules and trigger apoptosis. Based on this property, PQs have been widely used as photosensitizers and applied in pharmaceuticals, which has stimulated research into the discovery of new PQs and the elucidation of their biosynthetic pathways. The PQs-associated literature covering from April 1967 to September 2022 is reviewed in three sections: (1) the sources, structural diversity, and biological activities of microbial PQs; (2) elucidation of PQ biosynthetic pathways, associated genes, and mechanisms of regulation; and (3) advances in pathway engineering and future potential strategies to modify cellular metabolism and improve PQ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Deng
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Huaxiang Deng,
| | - Xinxin Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinbin Liu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,Yujie Cai,
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8
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Zhou T, Yu S, Xu H, Liu H, Rao Y. Stimulating fungal cell wall integrity by exogenous β-glucanase to improve the production of fungal natural products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7491-7503. [PMID: 36239763 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The low production of natural products (NPs) is still the critical restrictive factor in exploiting their potential large-scale applications and a barrier to isolating and identifying other meaningful products. Given that the stimulation of cell wall integrity (CWI) has become a novel strategy to modulate the production of microbial natural products, herein, exogenous β-glucanase treatment was developed as an external cell wall β-glucan stress to stimulate the fungal CWI, and then to improve the production of fungal NPs. It was found that the production of fungal NPs cercosporin and sophorolipids, biosynthesized by Cercospora sp. and Starmerella bombicola, respectively, was significantly improved by the treatment of β-glucanase under a controllable dose. Moreover, it demonstrated that β-glucanase had an ability to stimulate fungal CWI through slight fungal superficial damage, thus facilitating the secretion of NPs. We expected that this easy-operating method to stimulate fungal CWI could be feasible to improve more fungal NPs production. KEY POINTS: • Exogenous β-glucanase stimulated the fungal cell wall integrity • Changing fungal cell walls modulated natural product production • β-glucanase with potential universal effects on more fungal natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shiyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Aires-Fernandes M, Botelho Costa R, Rochetti do Amaral S, Mussagy CU, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Primo FL. Development of Biotechnological Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Cancer Research and Treatment-From Benchtop to Clinical Practice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206848. [PMID: 36296441 PMCID: PMC9609562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach that has been applied in studies for the treatment of various diseases. In this context, PDT has been suggested as a new therapy or adjuvant therapy to traditional cancer therapy. The mode of action of PDT consists of the generation of singlet oxygen (¹O2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the administration of a compound called photosensitizer (PS), a light source, and molecular oxygen (3O2). This combination generates controlled photochemical reactions (photodynamic mechanisms) that produce ROS, such as singlet oxygen (¹O2), which can induce apoptosis and/or cell death induced by necrosis, degeneration of the tumor vasculature, stimulation of the antitumor immune response, and induction of inflammatory reactions in the illuminated region. However, the traditional compounds used in PDT limit its application. In this context, compounds of biotechnological origin with photosensitizing activity in association with nanotechnology are being used in PDT, aiming at its application in several types of cancer but with less toxicity toward neighboring tissues and better absorption of light for more aggressive types of cancer. In this review, we present studies involving innovatively developed PS that aimed to improve the efficiency of PDT in cancer treatment. Specifically, we focused on the clinical translation and application of PS of natural origin on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Aires-Fernandes
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Botelho Costa
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie Rochetti do Amaral
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Valéria C. Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lucas Primo
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3301-4661
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Rangel LI, Bolton MD. The unsung roles of microbial secondary metabolite effectors in the plant disease cacophony. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102233. [PMID: 35679804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants counter disease with an array of responses to styme pathogen ingress. In contrast to this cacophony, plant pathogens orchestrate a finely tuned repertoire of virulence mechanisms in their attempt to cause disease. One such example is the production of secondary metabolite effectors (SMEs). Despite many attempts to functionally categorize SMEs, their many roles in plant disease have proven they march to the beat of their producer's drum. Some lesser studied features of SMEs in plant disease include self-resistance (SR) and manipulation of the microbiome to enhance pathogen virulence. SR can be accomplished in three general compositions, with the first being the transport of the SME to a benign location; the second being modification of the SME so it cannot harm the producer; and the third being metabolic regulation of the SME or the producer homolog of the SME target. SMEs may also play an interlude prior to disease by shaping the plant microbial community, allowing producers to better establish themselves. Taken together, SMEs are integral players in the phytopathology canon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena I Rangel
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Melvin D Bolton
- Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Fargo, ND, USA.
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11
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Hou X, Xu H, Deng Z, Yan Y, Yuan Z, Liu X, Su Z, Yang S, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Discovery of the Biosynthetic Pathway of Beticolin 1 Reveals a Novel Non‐heme Iron‐dependent Oxygenase for Anthraquinone Ring Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Hou
- Jiangnan University Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Huibin Xu
- Jiangnan University Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Jiangnan University Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Yijun Yan
- Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China CHINA
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Jiangnan University Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Xuanzhong Liu
- Jiangnan University Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Zengping Su
- Jiangnan University Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Sai Yang
- Jiangnan University Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jiangnan University School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering CHINA
| | - Yijian Rao
- Jiangnan University School of Biotechnology Lihu Avenue 1800 214122 Wuxi CHINA
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12
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Hou X, Xu H, Deng Z, Yan Y, Yuan Z, Liu X, Su Z, Yang S, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Discovery of the Biosynthetic Pathway of Beticolin 1 Reveals a Novel Non-heme Iron-dependent Oxygenase for Anthraquinone Ring Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208772. [PMID: 35862137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study used light-mediated comparative transcriptomics to identify the biosynthetic gene cluster of beticolin 1 in Cercospora. It contains an anthraquinone moiety and an unusual halogenated xanthone moiety connected by a bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane. During elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of beticolin 1, a novel non-heme iron oxygenase BTG13 responsible for anthraquinone ring cleavage was discovered. More importantly, the discovery of non-heme iron oxygenase BTG13 is well supported by experimental evidence: (i) crystal structure and the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that its reactive site is built by an atypical iron ion coordination, where the iron ion is uncommonly coordinated by four histidine residues, an unusual carboxylated-lysine (Kcx377) and water; (ii) Kcx377 is mediated by His58 and Thr299 to modulate the catalytic activity of BTG13. Therefore, we believed this study updates our knowledge of metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Hou
- Jiangnan University, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, CHINA
| | - Huibin Xu
- Jiangnan University, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, CHINA
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Jiangnan University, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, CHINA
| | - Yijun Yan
- Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CHINA
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Jiangnan University, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, CHINA
| | - Xuanzhong Liu
- Jiangnan University, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, CHINA
| | - Zengping Su
- Jiangnan University, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, CHINA
| | - Sai Yang
- Jiangnan University, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, CHINA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jiangnan University, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yijian Rao
- Jiangnan University, School of Biotechnology, Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122, Wuxi, CHINA
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13
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Liu X, Yuan Z, Su H, Hou X, Deng Z, Xu H, Guo B, Yin D, Sheng X, Rao Y. Molecular Basis of the Unusual Seven-Membered Methylenedioxy Bridge Formation Catalyzed by Fe(II)/α-KG-Dependent Oxygenase CTB9. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hao Su
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Huibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Baodang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Dejing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Sheng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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14
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Cercosporin production by Cercospora coffeicola isolates: spectrophotometry and HPLC quantification and image analysis. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Zhang Y, Xia M, Li M, Ping Q, Yuan Z, Liu X, Yin H, Huang S, Rao Y. Energy-Transfer-Mediated Photocatalysis by a Bioinspired Organic Perylenephotosensitizer HiBRCP. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15284-15297. [PMID: 34647457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Energy transfer plays a special role in photocatalysis by utilizing the potential energy of the excited state through indirect excitation, in which a photosensitizer determines the thermodynamic feasibility of the reaction. Bioinspired by the energy-transfer ability of natural product cercosporin, here we developed a green and highly efficient organic photosensitizer HiBRCP (hexaisobutyryl reduced cercosporin) through structural modification of cercosporin. After structural manipulation, its triplet energy was greatly improved, and then, it could markedly promote the efficient geometrical isomerization of alkenes from the E-isomer to the Z-isomer. Moreover, it was also effective for energy-transfer-mediated organometallic catalysis, which allowed realization of the cross-coupling of aryl bromides and carboxylic acids through efficient energy transfer from HiBRCP to nickel complexes. Thus, the study on the relationship between structural manipulation and their photophysical properties provided guidance for further modification of cercosporin, which could be applied to more meaningful and challenging energy-transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Mingze Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ping
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xuanzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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