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López-Cano A, Ferrer-Miralles N, Sánchez J, Carratalá JV, Rodriguez XR, Ratera I, Guasch J, Pich OQ, Bierge P, Garcia-de-la-Maria C, Miro JM, Garcia-Fruitós E, Arís A. A Novel Generation of Tailored Antimicrobial Drugs Based on Recombinant Multidomain Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041068. [PMID: 37111554 PMCID: PMC10146347 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has exponentially increased during the last years. It is necessary to develop new antimicrobial drugs to prevent and treat infectious diseases caused by multidrug- or extensively-drug resistant (MDR/XDR)-bacteria. Host Defense Peptides (HDPs) have a versatile role, acting as antimicrobial peptides and regulators of several innate immunity functions. The results shown by previous studies using synthetic HDPs are only the tip of the iceberg, since the synergistic potential of HDPs and their production as recombinant proteins are fields practically unexplored. The present study aims to move a step forward through the development of a new generation of tailored antimicrobials, using a rational design of recombinant multidomain proteins based on HDPs. This strategy is based on a two-phase process, starting with the construction of the first generation molecules using single HDPs and further selecting those HDPs with higher bactericidal efficiencies to be combined in the second generation of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. As a proof of concept, we have designed three new antimicrobials, named D5L37βD3, D5L37D5L37 and D5LAL37βD3. After an in-depth exploration, we found D5L37D5L37 to be the most promising one, since it was equally effective against four relevant pathogens in healthcare-associated infections, such as methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, being MRSA, MRSE and P. aeruginosa MDR strains. The low MIC values and versatile activity against planktonic and biofilm forms reinforce the use of this platform to isolate and produce unlimited HDP combinations as new antimicrobial drugs by effective means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià López-Cano
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, 08140 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (E.G.-F.)
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.F.-M.); (J.S.); (J.V.C.)
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (X.R.R.); (I.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Julieta Sánchez
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.F.-M.); (J.S.); (J.V.C.)
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Vicente Carratalá
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.F.-M.); (J.S.); (J.V.C.)
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Rodriguez Rodriguez
- Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (X.R.R.); (I.R.); (J.G.)
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma Ratera
- Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (X.R.R.); (I.R.); (J.G.)
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Guasch
- Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (X.R.R.); (I.R.); (J.G.)
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Dynamic Biomimetics for Cancer Immunotherapy, Max Planck Partner Group, Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Q. Pich
- Laboratori de Recerca en Microbiologia i Malalties Infeccioses, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (O.Q.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Paula Bierge
- Laboratori de Recerca en Microbiologia i Malalties Infeccioses, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (O.Q.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Cristina Garcia-de-la-Maria
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-d.-l.-M.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Jose M. Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-d.-l.-M.); (J.M.M.)
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, 08140 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (E.G.-F.)
| | - Anna Arís
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, 08140 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (E.G.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-467-40-40
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Dou X, Yan D, Liu S, Gao N, Ma Z, Shi Z, Dong N, Shan A. Host Defense Peptides in Nutrition and Diseases: A Contributor of Immunology Modulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3125-3140. [PMID: 36753427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are primary components of the innate immune system with diverse biological functions, such as antibacterial ability and immunomodulatory function. HDPs are produced and released by immune and epithelial cells against microbial invasion, which are widely distributed in humans, animals, plants, and microbes. Notably, there are great differences in endogenous HDP distribution and expression in humans and animals. Moreover, HDP expression could be regulated by exogenous substances, such as nutrients, and different physiological statuses in health and disease. In this review, we systematically assessed the regulation of expression and mechanism of endogenous HDPs from nutrition and disease perspectives, providing a basis to identify the specificity and regularity of HDP expression. Furthermore, the regulation mechanism of HDP expression was summarized systematically, and the differences in the regulation between nutrients and diseases were explored. From this review, we provide novel ideas targeted the immune regulation of HDPs for protecting host health in nutrition and practical and effective new ideas using the immune regulation theory for further research on protecting host health from pathogenic infection and excessive immunity diseases under the global challenge of the antibiotic-abuse-induced series of problems, including food security and microbial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
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López-Cano A, Sicilia P, Gaja C, Arís A, Garcia-Fruitós E. Quality comparison of recombinant soluble proteins and proteins solubilized from bacterial inclusion bodies. N Biotechnol 2022; 72:58-63. [PMID: 36150649 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant protein production in bacteria is often accompanied by the formation of aggregates, known as inclusion bodies (IBs). Although several strategies have been developed to minimize protein aggregation, many heterologous proteins are produced in aggregated form. For these proteins, purification necessarily requires processes of solubilization and refolding, often involving denaturing agents. However, the presence of biologically active recombinant proteins forming IBs has driven a redefinition of the protocols used to obtain soluble protein avoiding the protein denaturation step. Among the different strategies described, the detergent n-lauroylsarcosine (NLS) has proved to be effective. However, the impact of the NLS on final protein quality has not been evaluated so far. Here, the activity of three antimicrobial proteins (all as GFP fusions) obtained from the soluble fraction was compared with those solubilized from IBs. Results showed that NLS solubilized proteins from IBs efficiently, but that protein activity was impaired. Thus, a solubilization protocol without detergents was evaluated, demonstrating that this strategy efficiently solubilized proteins embedded in IBs while retaining their biological activity. These results showed that the protocol used for IB solubilization has an impact on final protein quality and that IBs can be solubilized through a very simple step, obtaining fully active proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià López-Cano
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Paula Sicilia
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Clara Gaja
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Anna Arís
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
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Roca-Pinilla R, Lisowski L, Arís A, Garcia-Fruitós E. The future of recombinant host defense peptides. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:267. [PMID: 36544150 PMCID: PMC9768982 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance crisis calls for the discovery and production of new antimicrobials. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are small proteins with potent antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities that are attractive for translational applications, with several already under clinical trials. Traditionally, antimicrobial peptides have been produced by chemical synthesis, which is expensive and requires the use of toxic reagents, hindering the large-scale development of HDPs. Alternatively, HDPs can be produced recombinantly to overcome these limitations. Their antimicrobial nature, however, can make them toxic to the hosts of recombinant production. In this review we explore the different strategies that are used to fine-tune their activities, bioengineer them, and optimize the recombinant production of HDPs in various cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Roca-Pinilla
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XTranslational Vectorology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XTranslational Vectorology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia ,grid.415641.30000 0004 0620 0839Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Arís
- grid.8581.40000 0001 1943 6646Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries IRTA, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- grid.8581.40000 0001 1943 6646Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries IRTA, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
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