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Clearman KR, Timpratoom N, Patel D, Rains AB, Haycraft CJ, Croyle MJ, Reiter JF, Yoder BK. Rab35 Is Required for Embryonic Development and Kidney and Ureter Homeostasis through Regulation of Epithelial Cell Junctions. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:719-732. [PMID: 38530365 PMCID: PMC11164122 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Points Loss of Rab35 leads to nonobstructive hydronephrosis because of loss of ureter epithelium. Rab35 regulates kidney and ureter epithelial cell adhesion and polarity. Rab35 is required for embryonic development. Background Rab35 is a member of a GTPase family of endocytic trafficking proteins. Studies in cell lines have indicated that Rab35 participates in cell adhesion, polarity, cytokinesis, and primary cilia length and composition. In addition, sea urchin Rab35 regulates actin organization and is required for gastrulation. In mice, loss of Rab35 in the central nervous system disrupts hippocampal development and neuronal organization. Outside of the central nervous system, the functions of mammalian Rab35 in vivo are unknown. Methods We generated and analyzed the consequences of both congenital and conditional null Rab35 mutations in mice. Using a LacZ reporter allele, we assessed Rab35 expression during development and postnatally. We assessed Rab35 loss in the kidney and ureter using histology, immunofluorescence microscopy, and western blotting. Results Congenital Rab35 loss of function caused embryonic lethality: homozygous mutants arrested at E7.5 with cardiac edema. Conditional loss of Rab35, either during gestation or postnatally, caused hydronephrosis. The kidney and ureter phenotype were associated with disrupted actin cytoskeletal architecture, altered Arf6 epithelial polarity, reduced adherens junctions, loss of tight junction formation, defects in epithelial growth factor receptor expression and localization, disrupted cell differentiation, and shortened primary cilia. Conclusions Rab35 may be essential for mammalian development and the maintenance of kidney and ureter architecture. Loss of Rab35 leads to nonobstructive hydronephrosis, making the Rab35 mutant mouse a novel mammalian model to study mechanisms underlying this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R. Clearman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Napassawon Timpratoom
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dharti Patel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Addison B. Rains
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Courtney J. Haycraft
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mandy J. Croyle
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jeremy F. Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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George SA, Kotapalli V, Ramaswamy P, Kumar R, Gowrishankar S, Uppin SG, Bashyam MD. Novel oncogenic transcriptional targets of mutant p53 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30534. [PMID: 38358025 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Missense mutations in the DNA binding domain of p53 are observed frequently in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Recent studies have revealed the potentially oncogenic transcriptional networks regulated by mutant p53 proteins. However, majority of these studies have focused on common "hotspot" p53 mutations while rarer mutations are poorly characterized. In this study, we report the characterization of rare, "non-hotspot" p53 mutations from ESCC. In vitro tumorigenic assays performed following ectopic-expression of certain "non-hotspot" mutant p53 proteins caused enhancement of oncogenic properties in squamous carcinoma cell lines. Genome-wide transcript profiling of ESCC tumor samples stratified for p53 status, revealed several genes exhibiting elevated transcript levels in tumors harboring mutant p53. Of these, ARF6, C1QBP, and TRIM23 were studied further. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) performed on RNA isolated from ESCC tumors revealed significant correlation of TP53 transcript levels with those of the three target genes. Ectopic expression of wild-type and several mutant p53 forms followed by RT-qPCR, chromatin affinity-purification (ChAP), and promoter-luciferase assays indicated the exclusive recruitment of p53 mutants-P190T and P278L, to the target genes leading to the activation of expression. Several functional assays following knockdown of the target genes revealed a significant suppression of tumorigenicity in squamous carcinoma cell lines. Rescue experiments confirmed the specificity of the knockdown. The tumorigenic effects of the genes were confirmed in nude mice xenograft assays. This study has therefore identified novel oncogenic targets of "non-hotspot" mutant p53 proteins relevant for ESCC besides validating the functional heterogeneity of the spectrum of tumor-specific p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A George
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Viswakalyan Kotapalli
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pandilla Ramaswamy
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Raju Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Murali D Bashyam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Sun D, Guo Y, Tang P, Li H, Chen L. Arf6 as a therapeutic target: Structure, mechanism, and inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4089-4104. [PMID: 37799386 PMCID: PMC10547916 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), a small G-protein of the Ras superfamily, plays pivotal roles in multiple cellular events, including exocytosis, endocytosis, actin remodeling, plasma membrane reorganization and vesicular transport. Arf6 regulates the progression of cancer through the activation of cell motility and invasion. Aberrant Arf6 activation is a potential therapeutic target. This review aims to understand the comprehensive function of Arf6 for future cancer therapy. The Arf6 GEFs, protein structure, and roles in cancer have been summarized. Comprehending the mechanism underlying Arf6-mediated cancer cell growth and survival is essential. The structural features of Arf6 and its efforts are discussed and may be contributed to the discovery of future novel protein-protein interaction inhibitors. In addition, Arf6 inhibitors and mechanism of action are listed in the table. This review further emphasizes the crucial roles in drug resistance and attempts to offer an outlook of Arf6 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Piyu Tang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Hu Y, Huang Y, Xie X, Li L, Zhang Y, Zhang X. ARF6 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation through activating STAT3 signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:205. [PMID: 37716993 PMCID: PMC10505330 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) possesses the high mortality in cancers worldwide. Nevertheless, the concrete mechanism underlying HCC proliferation remains obscure. In this study, we show that high expression of ARF6 is associated with a poor clinical prognosis, which could boost the proliferation of HCC. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect the expression level of ARF6 in HCC tissues. We analyzed the clinical significance of ARF6 in primary HCC patients. We estimated the effect of ARF6 on tumor proliferation with in vitro CCK8, colony formation assay, and in vivo nude mouse xenograft models. Immunofluorescence was conducted to investigate the ARF6 localization. western blotting was used to detect the cell cycle-related proteins with. Additionally, we examined the correlation between ARF6 and STAT3 signaling in HCC with western blotting, immunohistochemistry and xenograft assay. RESULTS ARF6 was upregulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal liver tissues. The increased expression of ARF6 correlated with poor tumor differentiation, incomplete tumor encapsulation, advanced tumor TNM stage and poor prognosis. ARF6 obviously promoted HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle progression. In vivo nude mouse xenograft models showed that ARF6 enhanced tumor growth. Furthermore, ARF6 activated the STAT3 signaling and ARF6 expression was positively correlated with phosphorylated STAT3 level in HCC tissues. Furthermore, after intervening of STAT3, the effect of ARF6 on tumor-promoting was weakened, which demonstrated ARF6 functioned through STAT3 signaling in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ARF6 promotes HCC proliferation through activating STAT3 signaling, suggesting that ARF6 may serve as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongchu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longshan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Clearman KR, Timpratoom N, Patel D, Rains AB, Haycraft CJ, Croyle MJ, Reiter JF, Yoder BK. Rab35 is required for embryonic development and kidney and ureter homeostasis through regulation of epithelial cell junctions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.556924. [PMID: 37745459 PMCID: PMC10515836 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.556924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Rab35 is a member of a GTPase family of endocytic trafficking proteins. Studies in cell lines have indicated that Rab35 participates in cell adhesion, polarity, cytokinesis, and primary cilia length and composition. Additionally, sea urchin Rab35 regulates actin organization and is required for gastrulation. In mice, loss of Rab35 in the CNS disrupts hippocampal development and neuronal organization. Outside of the CNS, the functions of mammalian Rab35 in vivo are unknown. Methods We generated and analyzed the consequences of both congenital and conditional null Rab35 mutations in mice. Using a LacZ reporter allele, we assessed Rab35 expression during development and postnatally. We assessed Rab35 loss in the kidney and ureter using histology, immunofluorescence microscopy, and western blotting. Results Congenital Rab35 loss of function caused embryonic lethality: homozygous mutants arrested at E7.5 with cardiac edema. Conditional loss of Rab35, either during gestation or postnatally, caused hydronephrosis. The kidney and ureter phenotype were associated with disrupted actin cytoskeletal architecture, altered Arf6 epithelial polarity, reduced adherens junctions, loss of tight junction formation, defects in EGFR expression and localization, disrupted cell differentiation, and shortened primary cilia. Conclusion Rab35 is essential for mammalian development and the maintenance of kidney and ureter architecture. Loss of Rab35 leads to non-obstructive hydronephrosis, making the Rab35 mutant mouse a novel mammalian model to study mechanisms underlying this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R. Clearman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Napassawon Timpratoom
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Dharti Patel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Addison B. Rains
- Department of Craniofacial Biology at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Co, United States
| | - Courtney J. Haycraft
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mandy J. Croyle
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jeremy F. Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Serwe G, Kachaner D, Gagnon J, Plutoni C, Lajoie D, Duramé E, Sahmi M, Garrido D, Lefrançois M, Arseneault G, Saba-El-Leil MK, Meloche S, Emery G, Therrien M. CNK2 promotes cancer cell motility by mediating ARF6 activation downstream of AXL signalling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3560. [PMID: 37322019 PMCID: PMC10272126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is a critical feature of invasive tumour cells that is governed by complex signal transduction events. Particularly, the underlying mechanisms that bridge extracellular stimuli to the molecular machinery driving motility remain partially understood. Here, we show that the scaffold protein CNK2 promotes cancer cell migration by coupling the pro-metastatic receptor tyrosine kinase AXL to downstream activation of ARF6 GTPase. Mechanistically, AXL signalling induces PI3K-dependent recruitment of CNK2 to the plasma membrane. In turn, CNK2 stimulates ARF6 by associating with cytohesin ARF GEFs and with a novel adaptor protein called SAMD12. ARF6-GTP then controls motile forces by coordinating the respective activation and inhibition of RAC1 and RHOA GTPases. Significantly, genetic ablation of CNK2 or SAMD12 reduces metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. Together, this work identifies CNK2 and its partner SAMD12 as key components of a novel pro-motility pathway in cancer cells, which could be targeted in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Serwe
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David Kachaner
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Gagnon
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cédric Plutoni
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Driss Lajoie
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eloïse Duramé
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Malha Sahmi
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Damien Garrido
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Lefrançois
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Arseneault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc K Saba-El-Leil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Meloche
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory Emery
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Therrien
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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7
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Shan F, Sun L, Zhang L, Guo K, Yan Q, Feng G, Zhu Y, Shen M, Ruan S. Inhibition to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastatic Potential In Colorectal Cancer Cell By Combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulation Jiedu Sangen Decoction and PD-L1 Inhibitor. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735420972486. [PMID: 33238770 PMCID: PMC7705286 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420972486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jiedu Sangen Decoction (JSD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been widely applied in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, especially in colorectal cancer. Our study mainly aimed to assess the combined efficacy of Jiedu Sangen aqueous extract (JSAE) and a PD-L1 inhibitor (PI) in colon cancer cells migration and invasion, along with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and then provide deep insights into the potential mechanism. METHODS We explored the inhibitory effects on invasion and metastasis and the reverse effect on EMT process in CT-26 colon cancer cell via Transwell migration assay, Matrigel invasion assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, regulation in expression of EMT-related proteins and molecular biomarkers and underlying signal pathway proteins were detected through Western blotting and IHC. RESULTS The combination of JSD and PD-L1 inhibitor could inhibit migration, invasive ability and EMT of CT-26 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, JSD combined with PD-L1 inhibitor could also remarkably reverse EMT and metastasis in vivo. In addition, the protein expression of N-cadherin, Slug, Snail, Vimentin was down-regulated along with E-cadherin s up-regulation with the combination of JSD and PD-L1 inhibitor, while that of PI3K/AKT was notably down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that JSAE and a PD-L1 inhibitor could drastically inhibit the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer by reversing EMT through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leitao Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leyin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaibo Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingying Yan
- Hangzhou Third Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guan Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minhe Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanming Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Wu T, Sun L, Wang C, Yu P, Cheng L, Chen Y. Sevoflurane Suppresses the Migration, Invasion, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Breast Cancer Cells Through the miR-139-5p/ARF6 Axis. J Surg Res 2020; 258:314-323. [PMID: 33317757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is common cancer in female globally. Sevoflurane (SEV) has been reported to inhibit the metastasis of multiple cancers, including glioma, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of SEV in the metastasis of BC cells remains poorly understood. METHODS Transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to detect the migration and invasion of BC cells. Western blot assay was carried out to measure epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in BC cells, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and fibronectin. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to determine the enrichment of miR-139-5p and ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) in BC tissues and cells. The protein expression of ARF6 in BC tissues and cells was measured by western blot assay. The target of miR-139-5p was predicted by starBase software, and the target relationship between miR-139-5p and ARF6 in BC cells was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS SEV suppressed the migration, invasion, and EMT of BC cells, especially in the high-concentration SEV group. The level of miR-139-5p was lower in BC tissues and cells than that in paired normal tissues and normal mammary epithelial cells MCF-10A. MiR-139-5p was upregulated in BC cells treated with SEV. ARF6 was upregulated in BC tissues and cells compared with that in corresponding normal tissues and normal mammary epithelial cells MCF-10A. SEV reduced the mRNA and protein expression of ARF6 in BC cells. The accumulation of ARF6 or the interference of miR-139-5p reversed the suppressive effects of SEV treatment on the migration, invasion, and EMT of BC cells. MiR-139-5p bound to ARF6 and inversely modulated the level of ARF6 in BC cells. The transfection of si-ARF6 attenuated the promoting effects of miR-139-5p depletion on the migration, invasion, and EMT of BC cells treated with SEV. CONCLUSIONS SEV suppressed the migration, invasion, and EMT of BC cells through downregulating the abundance of ARF6 by upregulating miR-139-5p. The miR-139-5p/ARF6 axis might be a promising target for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongle Wu
- Department of Anesthe Siology, People's Hospital of Weifang Binhai Economic and Technological Development Zone, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Luwei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Weifang Binhai Economic and Technological Development Zone, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chuantao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, People's Hospital of Weifang Binhai Economic and Technological Development Zone, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Weifang Binhai Economic and Technological Development Zone, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Weifang Binhai Economic and Technological Development Zone, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yongmin Chen
- Department of Anesthe Siology, People's Hospital of Weifang Binhai Economic and Technological Development Zone, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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Par-4 mediated Smad4 induction in PDAC cells restores canonical TGF-β/ Smad4 axis driving the cells towards lethal EMT. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151076. [PMID: 32439219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of TGF-β signaling is intricately engrossed in the pathophysiology of pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDACs). The role of TGF-β all through pancreatic cancer initiation and progression is multifarious and somewhat paradoxical. TGF-β plays a tumor suppressive role in early-stage pancreatic cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting epithelial cell cycle progression, but incites tumor promotion in late-stage by modulating genomic instability, neo-angiogenesis, immune evasion, cell motility, and metastasis. Here, we provide evidences that Par-4 acts as one of the vital mediators to regulate TGF-β/Smad4 pathway, wherein, Par-4 induction/over-expression induced EMT which was later culminated in to apoptosis in presence of TGF-β via positive regulation of Smad4. Intriguingly, Par-4-/- cells were devoid of significant Smad4 induction compared to Par-4+/+ cells in presence of TGF-β and ectopic Par-4 steadily augmented Smad4 expression by restoring TGF-β/Smad4 axis in Panc-1 cells. Further, our FACS and western blotting results unveiled that Par-4 dragged the PDAC cells to G1 arrest in presence of TGF-β byelevating p21 and p27 levels while attenuating Cyclin E and A levels and augmenting caspase 3 cleavage triggering lethal EMT. Through restoration of Smad4, we further establish that in BxPC3 cell line (Smad4-/-), Smad4 is essential for Par-4 to indulge TGF-β dependent lethal EMT program. The mechanistic relevance of Par-4 mediated Smad4 activation was additionally validated by co-immunoprecipitation wherein disruption of NM23H1-STRAP interaction by Par-4 rescues TGF-β/Smad4 pathway in PDAC and mediates the tumor suppressive role of TGF-β, therefore serving as a vital cog to restore the apoptotic functions of TGF-β pathway.
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Yang L, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Du J, Gu L, Zheng L, Zhang X. Effect of melatonin on EGF- and VEGF-induced monolayer permeability of HUVECs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H1178-H1191. [PMID: 30575440 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00542.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a natural hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm, immunity, and cardiovascular function. In the present study, we focused on the mechanism of melatonin in the regulation of vascular permeability. We found that melatonin could inhibit both VEGF- and EGF-induced monolayer permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and change the tyrosine phosphorylation of vascular-endothelial (VE-)cadherin, which was related to endothelial barrier function. In addition, phospho-AKT (Ser473) and phospho-ERK(1/2) played significant roles in the regulation of VE-cadherin phosphorylation. Both the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT inhibitor LY49002 and MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 could inhibit the permeability of HUVECs, but with different effects on tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin. Melatonin can influence the two growth factor-induced phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) but not ERK(1/2). Our results show that melatonin can inhibit growth factor-induced monolayer permeability of HUVECs by influencing the phosphorylation of AKT and VE-cadherin. Melatonin can be a potential treatment for diseases associated with abnormal vascular permeability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that melatonin could inhibit both EGF- and VEGF-induced monolayer permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which is related to phosphorylation of vascular-endothelial cadherin. Blockade of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways could inhibit the permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) might be a critical event in the changing of monolayer permeability and likely has cross-talk with the MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Changzhou, Jiangsu , China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Yadong Ma
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Lu Zheng
- General Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Changzhou, Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic surgery and the General Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Changzhou, Jiangsu , China
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11
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Jiedu Sangen Decoction Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Colon Cancer SW480 Cells via Suppressing Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1495768. [PMID: 30356400 PMCID: PMC6176311 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1495768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Jiedu Sangen Decoction (JSD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been widely used in China to treat gastrointestinal cancer, especially as an adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of JSD and Jiedu Sangen aqueous extract (JSAE) in colon cancer cells and explored the underlining mechanisms by cytotoxicity assay, scratch assay, transwell migration assay, matrigel invasion assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and western blot analysis. We demonstrated that JSAE inhibited the growth of colon cancer SW480 cells in a dose-dependent manner and JSAE repressed cancer cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was reversed by JSAE via enhancing E-cadherin expression and attenuating protein levels of EMT promoting factors such as N-cadherin, Slug, and ZEB1. These findings provided the first experimental evidence confirming the efficacy of JSAE in repressing invasion and metastasis of CRC and paving a way for the broader use of JSD in clinic.
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12
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Qu X, Zhao B, Hu M, Ji Z, Xu J, Xia W, Qu Y. Downregulation of TBC1 Domain Family Member 24 (BC1D24) Inhibits Breast Carcinoma Growth via IGF1R/PI3K/AKT Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3987-3996. [PMID: 29893377 PMCID: PMC6029514 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TBC1 domain family member 24 (TBC1D24) pathogenic mutations affect its binding to ARF6 and then result in severe impairment of neuronal development. However, there are no reports about the expression and function of TBC1D24 in cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of proliferation, migration, and invasion after silencing TBC1D24 expression in breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and to elucidate the potential mechanism of TBC1D24 in breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of TBC1D24 in breast cancer tissues and the adjacent non-tumor tissues was determined by S-P immunohistochemistry. The malignant behavior, including proliferation, migration, and invasion ability, was determined after silencing TBC1D24 in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The expression of IGF1R was determined after silencing TBC1D24. The expression of TBC1D24 and IGF1R was detected after transfecting miR-30a mimics or inhibitors. The effect of TBC1D24 on MCF-7 cells growth in vivo was evaluated by a tumor xenograft study. RESULTS TBC1D24 expression was elevated and was associated with poor outcome in breast carcinoma. TBC1D24 high expression was significantly correlated with unfavorable OS and RFS for breast cancer patients (p<0.05). Silencing TBC1D24 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of MCF-7 cells. TBC1D24 and IGF1R expression were decreased when transfected with miR-30a mimics. However, TBC1D24 and IGF1R expression were increased when transfected with miR-30a inhibitors (p<0.05). Knockdown of TBC1D24 inhibited the expression of IGF1R, PI3K, and p-AKT (p<0.05). Knockdown of TBC1D24 abolished tumorigenicity of MCF-7 cells. The average volume and weight of tumors was lower after silencing TBC1D24 expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Silencing TBC1D24 inhibited MCF-7 cells growth in vitro and in vivo. TBC1D24 promoted breast carcinoma growth through the IGF1R/PI3K/AKT pathway. TBC1D24 is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiusheng Qu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Min Hu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiwu Ji
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Weibin Xia
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yikun Qu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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13
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Li R, Peng C, Zhang X, Wu Y, Pan S, Xiao Y. Roles of Arf6 in cancer cell invasion, metastasis and proliferation. Life Sci 2017. [PMID: 28625359 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), a member of small GTPases ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family, expresses widely in mammalian cells and mainly regulates the functions of membrane traffic and actin remodeling. Current studies indicated that the activation and high expression of Arf6 protein may be significantly correlated with the invasion and metastasis of several tumors, such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, etc. Meanwhile, the ability of tumor invasion and metastasis can be suppressed when Arf6 activity is blocked by the inhibitors or small-interfering RNAs of Arf6. To explore the precisely potential mechanisms between Arf6 and the process of tumor invasion, metastasis and proliferation, we concludes the functions and potential signaling pathways of Arf6 in tumor cells and provides an overview about clinical prospects of Arf6 in the screening, diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of prognosis of neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Radiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhe Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuewei Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shida Pan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yechen Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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14
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EGFR/ARF6 regulation of Hh signalling stimulates oncogenic Ras tumour overgrowth. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14688. [PMID: 28281543 PMCID: PMC5353614 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple signalling events interact in cancer cells. Oncogenic Ras cooperates with Egfr, which cannot be explained by the canonical signalling paradigm. In turn, Egfr cooperates with Hedgehog signalling. How oncogenic Ras elicits and integrates Egfr and Hedgehog signals to drive overgrowth remains unclear. Using a Drosophila tumour model, we show that Egfr cooperates with oncogenic Ras via Arf6, which functions as a novel regulator of Hh signalling. Oncogenic Ras induces the expression of Egfr ligands. Egfr then signals through Arf6, which regulates Hh transport to promote Hh signalling. Blocking any step of this signalling cascade inhibits Hh signalling and correspondingly suppresses the growth of both, fly and human cancer cells harbouring oncogenic Ras mutations. These findings highlight a non-canonical Egfr signalling mechanism, centered on Arf6 as a novel regulator of Hh signalling. This explains both, the puzzling requirement of Egfr in oncogenic Ras-mediated overgrowth and the cooperation between Egfr and Hedgehog. EGFR signalling is required for oncogenic Ras driven tumorigenesis. In this study, using a Drosophila tumour model the authors demonstrate that depletion of Arf6, a Ras-related GTP-binding protein activated by EGFR, supresses oncogenic Ras driven overgrowth via modulation of Hedgehog signalling.
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15
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Grossmann AH, Zhao H, Jenkins N, Zhu W, Richards JR, Yoo JH, Winter JM, Rich B, Mleynek TM, Li DY, Odelberg SJ. The small GTPase ARF6 regulates protein trafficking to control cellular function during development and in disease. Small GTPases 2016; 10:1-12. [PMID: 28001501 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1259710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the small GTPase ARF6 has been implicated in promoting several pathological processes related to vascular instability and tumor formation, growth, and metastasis. ARF6 also plays a vital role during embryonic development. Recent studies have suggested that ARF6 carries out these disparate functions primarily by controlling protein trafficking within the cell. ARF6 helps direct proteins to intracellular or extracellular locations where they function in normal cellular responses during development and in pathological processes later in life. This transport of proteins is accomplished through a variety of mechanisms, including endocytosis and recycling, microvesicle release, and as yet uncharacterized processes. This Commentary will explore the functions of ARF6, while focusing on the role of this small GTPase in development and postnatal physiology, regulating barrier function and diseases associated with its loss, and tumor formation, growth, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie H Grossmann
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,b Department of Pathology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,c ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Helong Zhao
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Noah Jenkins
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,d Department of Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Jackson R Richards
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,e Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Jae Hyuk Yoo
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,e Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Jacob M Winter
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Bianca Rich
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Tara M Mleynek
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Dean Y Li
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,d Department of Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,e Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,f Department of Human Genetics , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,g Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study , Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu , China.,h Department of Cardiology , VA Salt Lake City Health Care System , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,i Navigen Inc. , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,d Department of Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,j Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
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16
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Yu JM, Sun W, Hua F, Xie J, Lin H, Zhou DD, Hu ZW. BCL6 induces EMT by promoting the ZEB1-mediated transcription repression of E-cadherin in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 365:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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