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Hassanen EI, Mansour HA, Issa MY, Ibrahim MA, Mohamed WA, Mahmoud MA. Epigallocatechin gallate-rich fraction alleviates histamine-induced neurotoxicity in rats via inactivating caspase-3/JNK signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 193:115021. [PMID: 39322001 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Ingestion of prominent levels of histamine (HIS) leads to dangerous effects on biological systems. The most frequent and active catechin in green tea is epigallocatechin gallate which has strong antioxidant properties. Our research intended to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin gallate-rich fraction (EGCGR) against HIS-inducing neurotoxicity. Six groups of male rats (n = 5) were used as follows: (1) Distilled water, (2&3) EGCGR (100-200 mg/kg BWT/day, respectively), (4) HIS (1750 mg/kg BWT/week, (5&6) HIS + EGCGR. Administration of HIS for 14 days induced severe neurobehavioral changes including depression, incoordination, and loss of spatial memory. Extensive neuronal degeneration with diffuse gliosis was the prominent histopathological lesion observed and confirmed by strong immunostaining of casp-3, Cox-2, and GFAP. Additionally, the HIS group showed a significantly higher MDA level with lower CAT and GSH activity than the control group. Moreover, HIS promoted apoptosis, which is indicated by increasing JNK, and Bax and decreasing Bcl-2 gene expressions. Otherwise, the oral intake of EGCGR with HIS improved all neurotoxicological parameters induced by HIS. We concluded that HIS could cause neurotoxicity via an upset of the equilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants which trigger apoptosis through modulation of JNK signaling pathway. Furthermore, EGCGR has either direct or indirect antihistaminic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Hayam A Mansour
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Marwa Y Issa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Mohamed WA, Hassanen EI, Mansour HA, Ibrahim MA, Azouz RA, Mahmoud MA. Novel insights on the probable mechanism associated with histamine oral model-inducing neuropathological and behavioral toxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23653. [PMID: 38348711 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Histamine (HIS) is an important chemical mediator that causes vasodilation and contributes to anaphylactic reactions. Recently, HIS is an understudied neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its potential role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration is a critical area of research. So, the study's goal is to investigate the consequences of repeated oral intake of HIS on the rat's brain and explore the mechanistic way of its neurotoxicity. Thirty male rats were divided into three groups (n = 10). The following treatments were administered orally to all rats every day for 14 days. Group (1) was given distilled water, whereas groups (2 & 3) were given HIS at dosage levels 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (BWT), respectively. Brain tissue samples were collected at 7- and 14-days from the beginning of the experiment. Our results revealed that continuous oral administration of HIS at both doses for 14 days significantly reduced the BWT and induced severe neurobehavioral changes, including depression, dullness, lethargy, tremors, abnormal walking, and loss of spatial learning and memory in rats. In all HIS receiving groups, HPLC data showed a considerable raise in the HIS contents of the brain. Additionally, the daily consumption of HIS causes oxidative stress that is dose- and time-dependent which is characterized by elevation of malondialdehyde levels along with reduction of catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. The neuropathological lesions were commonly observed in the cerebrum, striatum, and cerebellum and confirmed by the immunohistochemistry staining that demonstrating moderate to strong caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions in all HIS receiving groups, mainly those receiving 500 mg/kg HIS. NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β gene levels were also upregulated at 7- and 14-days in all HIS groups, particularly in those getting 500 mg/kg. We concluded that ROS-induced apoptosis and inflammation was the essential mechanism involved in HIS-mediated neurobehavioral toxicity and histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hayam A Mansour
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Azouz
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Hawkins CJ, Miles MA. Mutagenic Consequences of Sublethal Cell Death Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116144. [PMID: 34200309 PMCID: PMC8201051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human cancers exhibit defects in key DNA damage response elements that can render tumors insensitive to the cell death-promoting properties of DNA-damaging therapies. Using agents that directly induce apoptosis by targeting apoptotic components, rather than relying on DNA damage to indirectly stimulate apoptosis of cancer cells, may overcome classical blocks exploited by cancer cells to evade apoptotic cell death. However, there is increasing evidence that cells surviving sublethal exposure to classical apoptotic signaling may recover with newly acquired genomic changes which may have oncogenic potential, and so could theoretically spur the development of subsequent cancers in cured patients. Encouragingly, cells surviving sublethal necroptotic signaling did not acquire mutations, suggesting that necroptosis-inducing anti-cancer drugs may be less likely to trigger therapy-related cancers. We are yet to develop effective direct inducers of other cell death pathways, and as such, data regarding the consequences of cells surviving sublethal stimulation of those pathways are still emerging. This review details the currently known mutagenic consequences of cells surviving different cell death signaling pathways, with implications for potential oncogenic transformation. Understanding the mechanisms of mutagenesis associated (or not) with various cell death pathways will guide us in the development of future therapeutics to minimize therapy-related side effects associated with DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J. Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Mark A. Miles
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Tan SN, Sim SP, Khoo ASB. Matrix association region/scaffold attachment region (MAR/SAR) sequence: its vital role in mediating chromosome breakages in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells via oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. BMC Mol Biol 2018; 19:15. [PMID: 30514321 PMCID: PMC6278157 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-018-0116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is known to be involved in most of the aetiological factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Cells that are under oxidative stress may undergo apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis could be a potential mechanism mediating chromosome breakages in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Additionally, caspase-activated DNase (CAD) may be the vital player in mediating the chromosomal breakages during oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Chromosomal breakage occurs during apoptosis and chromosome rearrangement. Chromosomal breakages tend to cluster in certain regions, such as matrix association region/scaffold attachment region (MAR/SAR). We hypothesised that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis may result in chromosome breaks preferentially at the MAR/SAR sites. The AF9 gene at 9p22 was targeted in this study because 9p22 is a deletion site commonly found in NPC. Results By using MAR/SAR recognition signature (MRS), potential MAR/SAR sites were predicted in the AF9 gene. The predicted MAR/SAR sites precisely match to the experimentally determined MAR/SARs. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce apoptosis in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NP69) and NPC cells (HK1). Nested inverse polymerase chain reaction was employed to identify the AF9 gene cleavages. In the SAR region, the gene cleavage frequency of H2O2-treated cells was significantly higher than that of the non-treated cells. A few chromosomal breakages were detected within the AF9 region which was previously found to be involved in the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL)-AF9 translocation in an acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patient. As for the non-SAR region, no significant difference in the gene cleavage frequency was found between the untreated control and H2O2-treated cells. Furthermore, H2O2-induced cleavages within the SAR region were reduced by caspase-3 inhibitor, which indirectly inhibits CAD. Conclusions These results reaffirm our previous findings that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis could be one of the potential mechanisms underlying chromosome breakages in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. MAR/SAR may play a vital role in defining the location of chromosomal breakages mediated by oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, where CAD is the major nuclease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12867-018-0116-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Nee Tan
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sai-Peng Sim
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Alan S B Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tan SN, Sim SP. Bile acids at neutral and acidic pH induce apoptosis and gene cleavages in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells: implications in chromosome rearrangement. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:409. [PMID: 29649994 PMCID: PMC5898073 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) increases the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) while nasopharyngeal reflux is known to be one of the major aetiological factors of CRS. Bile acid (BA), the component of gastric duodenal contents, has been recognised as a carcinogen. BA-induced apoptosis was suggested to be involved in human malignancies. Cells have the potential and tendency to survive apoptosis. However, cells that evade apoptosis upon erroneous DNA repair may carry chromosome rearrangements. Apoptotic nuclease, caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD) has been implicated in mediating translocation in leukaemia. We hypothesised that BA-induced apoptosis may cause chromosome breaks mediated by CAD leading to chromosome rearrangement in NPC. This study targeted the AF9 gene located at 9p22 because 9p22 is one of the most common deletion sites in NPC. METHODS We tested the ability of BA at neutral and acidic pH in inducing phosphatidylserine (PS) externalisation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption, and caspase 3/7 activity in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial (NP69) and NPC (TWO4) cells. Inverse-PCR (IPCR) was employed to detect AF9 gene cleavages. To investigate the role of CAD in mediating these cleavages, caspase inhibition was performed. IPCR bands representing AF9 cleaved fragments were sequenced. RESULTS BA-treated cells showed higher levels of PS externalisation, ROS production, MMP loss and caspase 3/7 activity than untreated control cells. The effect of BA in the induction of these intracellular events was enhanced by acid. BA at neutral and acidic pH also induced significant cleavage of the AF9 gene. These BA-induced gene cleavages were inhibited by Z-DEVD-FMK, a caspase-3 inhibitor. Intriguingly, a few chromosome breaks were identified within the AF9 region that was previously reported to participate in reciprocal translocation between the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) and AF9 genes in an acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patient. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a role for BA-induced apoptosis in mediating chromosome rearrangements in NPC. In addition, CAD may be a key player in chromosome cleavages mediated by BA-induced apoptosis. Persistent exposure of sinonasal tract to gastric duodenal refluxate may increase genomic instability in surviving cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Nee Tan
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sai-Peng Sim
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
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MicroRNA-34a: A Key Regulator in the Hallmarks of Renal Cell Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3269379. [PMID: 29104726 PMCID: PMC5632457 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3269379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has increased over the past two decades. Recent studies reported microRNAs as promising biomarkers for early cancer detection, accurate prognosis, and molecular targets for future treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. Quantitative real-time PCR for miR-34a and its targets; MET oncogene; gene-regulating apoptosis (TP53INP2 and DFFA); cell proliferation (E2F3); and cell differentiation (SOX2 and TGFB3) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. Clinicopathological parameter correlation and in silico network analysis have also implicated. We found RCC tissues displayed significantly higher miR-34a expression level than their corresponding noncancerous tissues, particularly in chromophobic subtype. MET and E2F3 were significantly upregulated, while TP53INP2 and SOX2 were downregulated. ROC analysis showed high diagnostic performance of miR-34a (AUC = 0.854), MET (AUC = 0.765), and E2F3 (AUC = 0.761). The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression.
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Banas T, Pitynski K, Okon K, Czerw A. DNA fragmentation factors 40 and 45 (DFF40/DFF45) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein are underexpressed in uterine leiomyosarcomas and may predict survival. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4579-4589. [PMID: 29075126 PMCID: PMC5609795 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s142979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES DNA fragmentation factors 40 and 45 (DFF40 and DFF45) are responsible for final DNA-laddering during apoptosis, whereas Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) is an apoptosis inhibitor. Our aim was to investigate the expression of DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 in uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS), leiomyomas (uLM), and the normal myometrium. Furthermore, the correlation between DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 expression and clinicopathological parameters in leiomyosarcomas was assessed. Their prognostic value in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was also calculated. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 53 cases of uLMS from patients matched for age and menopausal status with 53 cases of uLM and 53 controls of normal myometrium (uM). Case samples of uterine myometrium from leiomyosarcomas (uLMS-M) and leiomyomas (uLM-M) were also studied. Immunohistochemical scoring was undertaken for DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2. RESULTS DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 were significantly underexpressed in uLMS compared with uLMS-M and uM. In uLMS samples, no correlation between the analyzed proteins was observed. Negative DFF40 and Bcl-2, but not DFF45, staining was a predictor of poorer DFS and OS in women with uLMS. uLM showed DFF40 and Bcl-2 overexpression compared with uM and uLM-M, with a significant positive correlation between DFF40 and DFF45. No differences in DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 expression were observed between the uLMS-M, uLM-M, and uM samples, with a significant positive correlation between DFF40 and DFF45 expression. CONCLUSION DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 are significantly underexpressed in uLMS, but only a lack of DFF40 and Bcl-2 negatively influences DFS and OS. Disruption of DFF40 and DFF45 expression was observed in uLMS, but not in uLM or control and case myometrium; this may play a role in tumor pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krzysztof Okon
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow
| | - Aleksandra Czerw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw.,Department of Health Promotion and Postgraduate Education, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
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Decreased Expression of Inhibitor of Caspase-Activated DNase (ICAD) in Renal Cell Carcinoma - Tissue Microarray of Human Samples. J Kidney Cancer VHL 2016; 3:1-11. [PMID: 28326275 PMCID: PMC5345525 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although primary localised tumours of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be treated relatively successfully with surgery, metastatic RCC has poor prognosis because of late diagnosis and resistance to therapies. In the present study, we were interested in profiling the protein expression of “inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase” (ICAD), an apoptosis inhibitor, in kidney cancer and its paired normal kidney. Immunohistochemistry with automated batch staining and morphometry using digital pathology were used to compare ICAD in 121 RCC specimens with their paired normal kidney tissue. Tissue microarray of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue was used. Intensity and localisation of ICAD were compared between normal and cancer samples, and against grading within the cancers. The results demonstrated that, in this cohort, ICAD was highly expressed in the proximal tubular epithelium of normal kidney, and significantly decreased in clear cell RCC tissue (p < 0.05) as well as other subtypes of RCC (p < 0.01) compared with normal kidney. There was a tendency towards nuclear localisation of ICAD in clear cell RCC, but not in other subtypes of RCC. No significant association was found between ICAD intensity and grade of RCC. In summary, down-regulation of ICAD occurs in RCC. ICAD normally inhibits DNA fragmentation and apoptosis; thus, its down-regulation was unexpected in a cancer known for its resistance to apoptosis. However, these RCC samples were from primary, not metastatic, RCC sites, and down-regulated ICAD may be part of a progressive pathway that promotes RCC metastasis.
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