Expression of microtubule-associated protein TPX2 in human gastric carcinoma and its prognostic significance

Epigenetic and Tumor Microenvironment for Prognosis of Patients with Gastric Cancer

BACKGROUND

Epigenetics studies heritable or inheritable mechanisms that regulate gene expression rather than altering the DNA sequence. However, no research has investigated the link between TME-related genes (TRGs) and epigenetic-related genes (ERGs) in GC.

METHODS

A complete review of genomic data was performed to investigate the relationship between the epigenesis tumor microenvironment (TME) and machine learning algorithms in GC.

RESULTS

Firstly, TME-related differential expression of genes (DEGs) performed non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering analysis and determined two clusters (C1 and C2). Then, Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates suggested that cluster C1 predicted a poorer prognosis. The Cox-LASSO regression analysis identified eight hub genes (SRMS, MET, OLFML2B, KIF24, CLDN9, RNF43, NETO2, and PRSS21) to build the TRG prognostic model and nine hub genes (TMPO, SLC25A15, SCRG1, ISL1, SOD3, GAD1, LOXL4, AKR1C2, and MAGEA3) to build the ERG prognostic model. Additionally, the signature's area under curve (AUC) values, survival rates, C-index scores, and mean squared error (RMS) curves were evaluated against those of previously published signatures, which revealed that the signature identified in this study performed comparably. Meanwhile, based on the IMvigor210 cohort, a statistically significant difference in OS between immunotherapy and risk scores was observed. It was followed by LASSO regression analysis which identified 17 key DEGs and a support vector machine (SVM) model identified 40 significant DEGs, and based on the Venn diagram, eight co-expression genes (ENPP6, VMP1, LY6E, SHISA6, TMEM158, SYT4, IL11, and KLK8) were discovered.

CONCLUSION

The study identified some hub genes that could be useful in predicting prognosis and management in GC.

Effect of KIF22 on promoting proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells via MAPK-ERK pathways

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most globally prevalent cancers in the world. The pathogenesis of GC has not been fully elucidated, and there still lacks effective targeted therapeutics. The influence of altered kinesin superfamily protein 22 (KIF22) expression in GC progression is still unclearly. The aim of this study was to investigate the KIF22 effects on GC and related mechanisms.

Methods

Gastric carcinoma tissues and matching non-cancerous tissues were collected from patients with GC who have accepted a radical gastrectomy in Lanzhou University Second Hospital from May 2013 to December 2014. The expression of KIF22 was examined in GC of 67 patients and 20 para-carcinoma tissues by immunochemical staining. The relationship between the expression of KIF22 and clinicopathologic characteristics was next investigated in the remaining 52 patients except for 15 patients who did not complete follow-up for 5 years. Cell viability was performed via 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and colony formation assay in the MGC-803 and BGC-823 GC cells. Cell scratch and trans-well invasion assay was performed to assess migration ability in the MGC-803 and BGC-823 GC cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) pathway enrichment analysis was performed to explore the potential functions. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. In addition, the two GC cell lines were used to elucidate the underlying mechanism of KIF22 in GC in vitro via assessing the effects on mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular regulated protein kinases (MAPK/ERK) signal transduction pathway-related expressions by Western blotting assays. The differences were compared by t tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Chi-squared tests.

Results

The study showed that KIF22 was up-regulated in GC, and KIF22 high expression was significantly related to differentiation degree (χ² = 12.842, P = 0.002) and poorly overall survivals. GSEA pathway enrichment analysis showed that KIF22 was correlated with the cell cycle. Silence of KIF22 decreased the ability of the proliferation and migration in gastric cells, induced G1/S phase cell cycle arrest via regulating the MAPK-ERK pathways.

Conclusions

KIF22 protein level was negatively correlated with prognosis. KIF22 knockdown might inhibit proliferation and metastasis of GC cells via the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway.

The clinical significance and prognostic value of Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 expressions in human tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) is a microtubule-associated protein that plays a pivotal part in the formation of spindles. There is accumulating evidence that the expression of TPX2 is upregulated in many kinds of human cancers and that this protein is involved in the occurrence and progression of tumors. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between the overexpression of TPX2 and poor prognosis in cancer patients. A total of 18 eligible studies encompassing 3115 patients were included by searching relevant databases. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled under random-/fixed-effect models. After calculation, the results showed that patients with increased TPX2 expression had a significantly shorter overall survival (HR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.70-2.86), and disease-free survival (HR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.67-2.64). In addition, it was found that increased TPX2 expression was significantly associated with TNM stage (OR = 2.17; 95% CI:1.42-3.32), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.98; 95% CI: 2.28-3.89), distant metastasis (OR = 2.25; 95% CI:1.03-4.92), and vascular invasion (OR = 2.22; 95% CI:1.26-3.91). Nevertheless, there was no significant correlation between increased expression of TPX2 and either gender, tumor differentiation, or tumor size. Thus, we can come to the conclusion that the overexpression of TPX2 is related to poor clinical outcomes and can be used as a biomarker for the prognosis of patients with cancer.

Prognostic and clinical value of Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancers: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Accumulating studies have indicated that Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) was overexpressed in various types of human cancers. However, the prognostic and clinical value of TPX2 in gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers was not well-understood. This study was aimed to comprehensively explore the prognostic and clinical significance of TPX2 in GI tract cancers.

METHODS

Eligible studies were systematically retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database. The eligible studies were collected to evaluate the association of TPX2 with prognosis and clinicopathological features, with the pooling hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULT

The meta-analysis suggested that overexpression of TPX2 protein was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.60-2.80, P <.001) in GI tract cancers, the subgroup meta-analysis also confirmed the prognostic value of TPX2 protein. Furthermore, clinical significances of TPX2 protein in gastric cancer were discussed.

CONCLUSION

Upregulated TPX2 protein was correlated with poor clinical outcomes, suggesting that TPX2 protein can serve as a promising predictive biomarker in patients with GI tract cancers.

Prognostic role of targeting protein for Xklp2 in solid tumors: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The prognostic role of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) in solid tumors has been investigated in several researches, but the results remain controversial. Here we present a meta-analysis to systematically review the association between TPX2 expression levels and prognosis of human solid tumors.

METHODS

Studies published until December 2017 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO, 13 studies (2134 patients) were collected for analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) from individual studies were calculated by the application of Mantel-Haenszel random effect model. Pooled ORs were estimated by Z test. Publication bias and interstudy heterogeneity analyses were also performed.

RESULTS

TPX2 overexpression was associated with poor OS at 3 and 5 years [OR = 4.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.27-6.56, P < .00001; OR = 4.05, 95% CI: 2.32-7.07, P < .00001, respectively] of solid tumors. Similar results were observed with DFS at 3 and 5 years (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.83-6.14, P < .0001; OR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.74-4.98, P < .0001, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed that increased TPX2 expression was related to worse prognosis of gastric cancer and hepatocellular cancer, while irrelevant to esophageal squamous cell cancer at 5-year survival rate.

CONCLUSIONS

Overexpression of TPX2 is related to poor survival rate in most solid tumors, which indicates that the expression level of TPX2 is a significant prognostic parameter and potential therapeutic target in various solid tumors.

Identification of Potential Key Genes Associated With the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Based on Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis

Background and Objective: Despite striking advances in multimodality management, gastric cancer (GC) remains the third cause of cancer mortality globally and identifying novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is urgently demanded. The study aimed to identify potential key genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of GC.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes between GC and normal gastric tissue samples were screened by an integrated analysis of multiple gene expression profile datasets. Key genes related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of GC were identified by employing protein–protein interaction network and Cox proportional hazards model analyses.

Results: We identified nine hub genes (TOP2A, COL1A1, COL1A2, NDC80, COL3A1, CDKN3, CEP55, TPX2, and TIMP1) which might be tightly correlated with the pathogenesis of GC. A prognostic gene signature consisted of CST2, AADAC, SERPINE1, COL8A1, SMPD3, ASPN, ITGBL1, MAP7D2, and PLEKHS1 was constructed with a good performance in predicting overall survivals.

Conclusion: The findings of this study would provide some directive significance for further investigating the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to facilitate the molecular targeting therapy of GC.

Overexpression of TPX2 is associated with progression and prognosis of prostate cancer

Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) activates Aurora kinase A during mitosis and targets its activity to the mitotic spindle, serving an important role in mitosis. It has been associated with different types of cancer and is considered to promote tumor growth. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of TPX2 in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). It was identified that TPX2 expression in PCa tissues was increased compared with benign prostate tissues. Microarray analysis demonstrated that TPX2 was positively associated with the Gleason score, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, clinicopathological stage, metastasis, overall survival and biochemical relapse-free survival. In vitro studies revealed that the high expression of TPX2 in PCa cells improved proliferative, invasive and migratory abilities, and repressed apoptosis of the PCa cells, without affecting tolerance to docetaxel. The results suggested that TPX2 serves as a tumorigenesis-promoting gene in PCa, and a potential therapeutic target for patients with PCa.

Pathological significance of MAD2L1 in breast cancer: an immunohistochemical study and meta analysis

The aberrant expression of mitotic arrest deficient 2-like 1 (MAD2L1) has been found to promote tumor formation by inducing chromosomal instability and aneuploidy in cells. In breast cancer (BRCA), limited studies have been focused on MAD2L1 expression and its impact on tumor progression. Thus, we conducted this study to comprehensively analyze MAD2L1 expression and its clinicopathological significance as well as diagnostic value for BRCA. Immunohistochemistry was performed with the 209 invasive ductal BRCA samples and the corresponding adjacent tissues to investigate MAD2L1 expression in BRCA and its relationship between clinicopathological features of BRCA. Then, the clinicopathological role of MAD2L1 was confirmed by RNA-sequencing or microarray data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO). Particularly, summarized receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was plotted to explore the diagnostic capacity of MAD2L1 in BRCA. The results showed that MAD2L1 presented overexpression in BRCA and was significantly associated with higher clinical stage and histological grade of BRCA. A significant correlation was also found between MAD2L1 expression and several tumor indicators including ER, P53, HER-2 and Ki-67. Moreover, area under curve (AUC) value (0.9642) from SROC revealed potential diagnostic value of MAD2L1 for BRCA. In summary, MAD2L1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of BRCA and MAD2L1 detection could improve the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of BRCA.