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Zhu G, Cai H, Xiao Q, Zeng S, Jiang X, Liu D. GRB7 plays a promoting role in the progression of gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1262. [PMID: 38129809 PMCID: PMC10734061 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a clinically common tumor, showing an upward trend of both incidence and mortality. GRB7 has been identified as a vital regulator in tumor progression. This study aims to uncover the biological function of GRB7 in gastric cancer process. METHODS immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using a tissue microarray (TMA), quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of genes. Furthermore, gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MGC-803 were transfected with short hairpin RNAs against GRB7. The biological function of GRB7 in gastric cancer cells were examined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays. Then, in vivo tumor formation assay was conducted to explore the effects of GRB7 on tumor growth. Finally, expression levels of proteins related to cell functions were determined by Western blotting. Coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay was performed to assess the protein-protein interaction. RESULTS GRB7 was up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, and its expression was inversely proportional to survival of gastric cancer patients. Moreover, GRB7 knockdown inhibited proliferative, migratory abilities, as well as promoted cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Further study suggested that GRB7 silencing could suppress gastric cancer tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, our study uncovered an important interaction between GRB7 and MyD88. Silencing MyD88 was observed to alleviate the malignant phenotypes promoted by GRB7 in gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Together, this study provided evidence that GRB7 may be an effective molecular targets for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hu Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shukun Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Donglan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi, 330029, China.
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2
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Fan T, Xiao C, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang L, Tian H, Li C, He J. CXXC finger protein 1 (CFP1) bridges the reshaping of genomic H3K4me3 signature to the advancement of lung adenocarcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:369. [PMID: 37735441 PMCID: PMC10514036 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is a canonical chromatin modification associated with active gene transcription, playing a pivotal role in regulating various cellular functions. Components of the H3K4me3 methyltransferase complex, known as the proteins associated with SET1 (COMPASS), have been implicated in exerting cancer-protective or cancer-inhibitory effects through inducive H3K4me3 modification. However, the role of the indispensable non-catalytic component of COMPASS CXXC-type zinc finger protein 1 (CFP1) in malignant progression remains unclear. We have unveiled that CFP1 promote lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while impairing cell apoptosis through in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, high CFP1 expression was identified as emerged as an adverse prognostic indicator across multiple public and in-house LUAD datasets. Notably, CFP1 deficiency led to dual effects on cancer cell transcriptome including extensive inactivation of cancer-promoting as well as activation of cancer repressors. Combining this with the chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis, we showed that CFP1 ablation reshaped the genomic H3K4me3 distribution signature, with prominent effects on TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways. Collectively, our study proposes that CFP1 mediates tumorigenesis by genomic histone methylation reprogramming, offering insights for future investigations into epigenetic modifications in cancer progression and potential therapeutic advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hengchang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Intervention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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3
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Ershov P, Yablokov E, Mezentsev Y, Ivanov A. Interactomics of CXXC proteins involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. BIOMEDITSINSKAYA KHIMIYA 2022; 68:339-351. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226805339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is an extremely complex and multicomponent biological phenomenon. Proteins containing the CXXC-domain “zinc fingers” (CXXC-proteins) are master regulators of expression of many genes and have conserved functions of methylation of DNA bases and histone proteins. CXXC proteins function as a part of multiprotein complexes, which indicates the fundamental importance of studying post-translational regulation through modulation of the protein-protein interaction spectrum (PPI) in both normal and pathological conditions. In this paper we discuss general aspects of the involvement of CXXC proteins and their protein partners in neoplastic processes, both from the literature data and our own studies. Special attention is paid to recent data on the particular interactomics of the CFP1 protein encoded by the CXXC1 gene located on the human chromosome 18. CFP1 is devoid of enzymatic activity and implements epigenetic regulation of expression through binding to chromatin and a certain spectrum of PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.V. Ershov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - A.S. Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Munquad S, Si T, Mallik S, Das AB, Zhao Z. A Deep Learning-Based Framework for Supporting Clinical Diagnosis of Glioblastoma Subtypes. Front Genet 2022; 13:855420. [PMID: 35419027 PMCID: PMC9000988 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.855420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding molecular features that facilitate aggressive phenotypes in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains a major clinical challenge. Accurate diagnosis of GBM subtypes, namely classical, proneural, and mesenchymal, and identification of specific molecular features are crucial for clinicians for systematic treatment. We develop a biologically interpretable and highly efficient deep learning framework based on a convolutional neural network for subtype identification. The classifiers were generated from high-throughput data of different molecular levels, i.e., transcriptome and methylome. Furthermore, an integrated subsystem of transcriptome and methylome data was also used to build the biologically relevant model. Our results show that deep learning model outperforms the traditional machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, to evaluate the biological and clinical applicability of the classification, we performed weighted gene correlation network analysis, gene set enrichment, and survival analysis of the feature genes. We identified the genotype-phenotype relationship of GBM subtypes and the subtype-specific predictive biomarkers for potential diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Munquad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, India
| | - Tapas Si
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bankura Unnayani Institute of Engineering, Bankura, India
| | - Saurav Mallik
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Asim Bikas Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, India
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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5
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Yang LQ, Hu HY, Han Y, Tang ZY, Gao J, Zhou QY, Liu YX, Chen HS, Xu TN, Ao L, Xu Y, Che X, Jiang YB, Xu CW, Zhang XC, Jiang YX, Heger M, Wang XM, Cheng SQ, Pan WW. CpG-binding protein CFP1 promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation by regulating BST2 transcription. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1895-1907. [PMID: 35864225 PMCID: PMC9750859 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have been functionally linked to ovarian cancer development and occurrence. The CXXC zinc finger protein 1 (CFP1) is an epigenetic regulator involved in DNA methylation and histone modification in mammalian cells. However, its role in ovarian cancer cells is unknown. Here, we show that CFP1 protein is highly expressed in human ovarian cancer tissues. Loss of CFP1 inhibited the growth of human ovarian cancer cells, promoted apoptosis, and increased senescence. CFP1 knockdown resulted in reduced levels of SETD1 (a CFP1 partner) and histone H3 trimethylation at the fourth lysine residue (H3K4me3). RNA-sequencing revealed that deletion of CFP1 resulted in mRNA reduction of bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2). Bioinformatics analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that CFP1 binds to the promoter of BST2 and regulates its transcription directly. Overexpression of BST2 rescued the growth inhibitory effect of CFP1 loss. Furthermore, depletion of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases 4 (CRL4) components ROC1 or CUL4A had significantly inhibited the expression of CFP1 and BST2 similar to MLN4924 treatment that blocked cullin neddylation and inactivated CRL4s. In conclusion, CFP1 promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating the transcription of BST2, and the expression of CFP1 was affected by CRL4 ubiquitin ligase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Qing Yang
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Han-Yin Hu
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Yao Han
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Ze-Yi Tang
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Jie Gao
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Qi-Yin Zhou
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Yi-Xuan Liu
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Hao-Sa Chen
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Tu-Nan Xu
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Lei Ao
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Ying Xu
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Xuan Che
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Anesthesiology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Ya-Bo Jiang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Chun-Wei Xu
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, 350014 Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Xian-Chao Zhang
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Institute of Information Network and Artificial Intelligence, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Yu-Xin Jiang
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Michal Heger
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.5645.2000000040459992XLaboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Shu-Qun Cheng
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China ,grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301G60 STI Valley Industry & Innovation Institute, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
| | - Wei-Wei Pan
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China ,grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301G60 STI Valley Industry & Innovation Institute, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001 China
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6
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Chromatin-based, in cis and in trans regulatory rewiring underpins distinct oncogenic transcriptomes in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5450. [PMID: 34521827 PMCID: PMC8440555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a genetically heterogeneous cancer of the bone marrow plasma cells (PC). Distinct myeloma transcriptome profiles are primarily driven by myeloma initiating events (MIE) and converge into a mutually exclusive overexpression of the CCND1 and CCND2 oncogenes. Here, with reference to their normal counterparts, we find that myeloma PC enhanced chromatin accessibility combined with paired transcriptome profiling can classify MIE-defined genetic subgroups. Across and within different MM genetic subgroups, we ascribe regulation of genes and pathways critical for myeloma biology to unique or shared, developmentally activated or de novo formed candidate enhancers. Such enhancers co-opt recruitment of existing transcription factors, which although not transcriptionally deregulated per se, organise aberrant gene regulatory networks that help identify myeloma cell dependencies with prognostic impact. Finally, we identify and validate the critical super-enhancer that regulates ectopic expression of CCND2 in a subset of patients with MM and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite extensive genetic heterogeneity, nearly half of all multiple myeloma (MM) cases are driven by cyclin D2 (CCND2) over-expression. Here the authors dissect the chromatin landscape of MM to provide insights into the transcriptional regulatory landscape driving MM and divergent transcriptomes corresponding to different MM genetic subtypes.
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7
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Yang Y, Yang Y, Chan K, Couture JF. Analyzing the impact of CFP1 mutational landscape on epigenetic signaling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21790. [PMID: 34320252 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100427r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CXXC Zinc finger protein 1 (CFP1) is a multitasking protein playing essential roles during various developmental processes. Its ability to interact with several proteins contribute to several epigenetic events. Here, we review CFP1's functions and its impact on DNA methylation and the post-translational modification of histone proteins such as lysine acetylation and methylation. We will also discuss the potential role of CFP1 in carcinogenesis and the impact of the mutations identified in patients suffering from various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidai Yang
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yaqing Yang
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kin Chan
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Couture
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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8
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Parajón E, Surcel A, Robinson DN. The mechanobiome: a goldmine for cancer therapeutics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C306-C323. [PMID: 33175572 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00409.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is dependent on heightened mechanical adaptation, both for the cells' ability to change shape and to interact with varying mechanical environments. This type of adaptation is dependent on mechanoresponsive proteins that sense and respond to mechanical stress, as well as their regulators. Mechanoresponsive proteins are part of the mechanobiome, which is the larger network that constitutes the cell's mechanical systems that are also highly integrated with many other cellular systems, such as gene expression, metabolism, and signaling. Despite the altered expression patterns of key mechanobiome proteins across many different cancer types, pharmaceutical targeting of these proteins has been overlooked. Here, we review the biochemistry of key mechanoresponsive proteins, specifically nonmuscle myosin II, α-actinins, and filamins, as well as the partnering proteins 14-3-3 and CLP36. We also examined a wide range of data sets to assess how gene and protein expression levels of these proteins are altered across many different cancer types. Finally, we determined the potential of targeting these proteins to mitigate invasion or metastasis and suggest that the mechanobiome is a goldmine of opportunity for anticancer drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleana Parajón
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexandra Surcel
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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9
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Characterization of the expression and prognostic value of 14-3-3 isoforms in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19597-19617. [PMID: 33052135 PMCID: PMC7732302 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation proteins (14-3-3) participate in the tumorigenesis and progression of numerous malignances, but their precise prognostic values in breast cancer (BrCa) remain unknown. Here, we investigated the expression profiles and prognostic roles of 14-3-3 isoforms by employing multiple online databases. The transcriptional levels of most 14-3-3 isoforms in BrCa tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues. High mRNA expression of 14-3-3 beta/sigma/theta/zeta was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) in BrCa patients, while high mRNA expression of 14-3-3 epsilon was notably related to favorable OS. High mRNA expression of 14-3-3 beta/gamma/sigma/theta/zeta was significantly associated with poor relapse-free survival (RFS) in BrCa patients. A high mutation rate of 14-3-3 was determined to be associated with poor clinical outcomes. In addition, 14-3-3 expression was correlated with the infiltration of specific immune cells types. Analysis of the breast-specific protein-protein interaction (PPI) network suggested that 14-3-3 proteins were involved in several potential oncogenic mechanisms in BrCa. Finally, we performed experimentally validated their oncogenic roles in BrCa. Overall, our findings systematically elucidate the expression and distinct prognostic value of 14-3-3 isoforms in BrCa, which may provide potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for BrCa.
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