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Xu X, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhu Y, Wang J, Guo J. Favorable Immunotherapy Plus Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Outcome of Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients with Low CDK5 Expression. Cancer Res Treat 2023; 55:1321-1336. [PMID: 37024096 PMCID: PMC10582544 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2022.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapy (IO) plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has become the first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma, despite the lack of prognostic biomarkers. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) affects the tumor microenvironment, which may influence the efficacy of TKI+IO. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two cohorts from our center (Zhongshan Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma [ZS-MRCC] cohort, Zhongshan High-risk Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma [ZS-HRRCC] cohort) and one cohort from a clinical trial (JAVELIN-101) were enrolled. The expression of CDK5 of each sample was determined by RNA sequencing. Immune infiltration and T cell function were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Response and progression-free survival (PFS) were set as primary endpoints. RESULTS Patients of low CDK5 expression showed higher objective response rate (60.0% vs. 23.3%) and longer PFS in both cohorts (ZS-MRCC cohort, p=0.014; JAVELIN-101 cohort, p=0.040). CDK5 expression was enhanced in non-responders (p < 0.05). In the ZS-HRRCC cohort, CDK5 was associated with decreased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, which was proved by immunohistochemistry (p < 0.05) and flow cytometry (Spearman's ρ=-0.49, p < 0.001). In the high CDK5 subgroup, CD8+ T cells revealed a dysfunction phenotype with decreased granzyme B, and more regulatory T cells were identified. A predictive score was further constructed by random forest, involving CDK5 and T cell exhaustion features. The RFscore was also validated in both cohorts. By utilizing the model, more patients might be distinguished from the overall cohort. Additionally, only in the low RFscore did TKI+IO outperform TKI monotherapy. CONCLUSION High-CDK5 expression was associated with immunosuppression and TKI+IO resistance. RFscore based on CDK5 may be utilized as a biomarker to determine the optimal treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Zhaoyi Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
China
| | - Yanjun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
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Jabeur R, Corbel C, Loyer P, Le Parc A, Le Grand A, Comte A, Bach S, André-Leroux G, Sire O, Ben Mansour H, Le Tilly V. Identification of Novel Compounds Inhibiting the Kinase Activity of the CDK5/p25 Complex via Direct Binding to p25. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1452-1463. [PMID: 37074084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen, the gold standard drug for endocrine therapy for breast cancer, modulates the phosphorylation status of the TAU protein in Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting CDK5 kinase activity. Its binding to p25 prevents CDK5/p25 complexation and hence a decrease of CDK5 activity. In breast tumors, this complex is involved in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, as well as in the disease's prognosis. Still, the molecular stability of the CDK5/p25 complex following tamoxifen exposure in this cancer type has not yet been clearly deciphered. Here, we report the functional characterization of CDK5 and its p25 regulatory subunit in the absence and presence of tamoxifen. In addition, two novel inhibitors of the kinase activity of the CDK5/p25 complex are identified, both of which would reduce the risk of recurrence of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers and prevent drawbacks induced by tamoxifen exposure. Accordingly, 6His-CDK5 and 6His-p25 have been expressed and purified. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements have been used to assess that the two proteins do form an active complex, and thermodynamic parameters of their interaction were measured. It was also confirmed that tamoxifen directly binds to p25 and inhibits CDK5 kinase activity. Similar observations were obtained using 4-hydroxytamoxifen, an active metabolized form of tamoxifen. Two novel compounds have been identified here that harbor a benzofuran moiety and were shown to target directly p25, and their bindings resulted in decreased CDK5 kinase activity. This encouraging alternative opens the way to the ensuing chemical optimization of this scaffold. It also promises a more specific therapeutic approach that may both tackle the pathological signaling in breast cancer and provide a potential new drug for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riheb Jabeur
- IRDL UMR CNRS 6027, Université Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied on the Environment─APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mahdia, University of Monastir, TN5121 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Caroline Corbel
- IRDL UMR CNRS 6027, Université Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRAE, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Arnaud Comte
- Compound Library, ICBMS UMR 5246 CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Bach
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, FR2424, Plateforme de criblage KISSf (Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening facility), Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Olivier Sire
- IRDL UMR CNRS 6027, Université Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied on the Environment─APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mahdia, University of Monastir, TN5121 Monastir, Tunisia
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A review on cyclin-dependent kinase 5: An emerging drug target for neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123259. [PMID: 36641018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is the serine/threonine-directed kinase mainly found in the brain and plays a significant role in developing the central nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that CDK5 is activated by specific cyclins regulating its expression and activity. P35 and p39 activate CDK5, and their proteolytic degradation produces p25 and p29, which are stable products involved in the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, a significant hallmark of various neurological diseases. Numerous high-affinity inhibitors of CDK5 have been designed, and some are marketed drugs. Roscovitine, like other drugs, is being used to minimize neurological symptoms. Here, we performed an extensive literature analysis to highlight the role of CDK5 in neurons, synaptic plasticity, DNA damage repair, cell cycle, etc. We have investigated the structural features of CDK5, and their binding mode with the designed inhibitors is discussed in detail to develop attractive strategies in the therapeutic targeting of CDK5 for neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides deeper mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of CDK5 inhibitors and their implications in the clinical management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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4
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Bader JM, Deigendesch N, Misch M, Mann M, Koch A, Meissner F. Proteomics separates adult-type diffuse high-grade gliomas in metabolic subgroups independent of 1p/19q codeletion and across IDH mutational status. Cell Rep Med 2022; 4:100877. [PMID: 36584682 PMCID: PMC9873829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas are malignant neuroepithelial tumors with poor survival rates in combined chemoradiotherapy. The current WHO classification is based on IDH1/2 mutational and 1p/19q codeletion status. Glioma proteome alterations remain undercharacterized despite their promise for a better molecular patient stratification and therapeutic target identification. Here, we use mass spectrometry to characterize 42 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from IDH-wild-type (IDHwt) gliomas, IDH-mutant (IDHmut) gliomas with and without 1p/19q codeletion, and non-neoplastic controls. Based on more than 5,500 quantified proteins and 5,000 phosphosites, gliomas separate by IDH1/2 mutational status but not by 1p/19q status. Instead, IDHmut gliomas split into two proteomic subtypes with widespread perturbations, including aerobic/anaerobic energy metabolism. Validations with three independent glioma proteome datasets confirm these subgroups and link the IDHmut subtypes to the established proneural and classic/mesenchymal subtypes in IDHwt glioma. This demonstrates common phenotypic subtypes across the IDH status with potential therapeutic implications for patients with IDHmut gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Maximilian Bader
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Misch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arend Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Felix Meissner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Machine Learning-Based Virtual Screening for the Identification of Cdk5 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810653. [PMID: 36142566 PMCID: PMC9502400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is an atypical proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase well-characterized for its role in the central nervous system rather than in the cell cycle. Indeed, its dysregulation has been strongly implicated in the progression of synaptic dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), and also in the development and progression of a variety of cancers. For this reason, Cdk5 is considered as a promising target for drug design, and the discovery of novel small-molecule Cdk5 inhibitors is of great interest in the medicinal chemistry field. In this context, we employed a machine learning-based virtual screening protocol with subsequent molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy evaluations. Our virtual screening studies resulted in the identification of two novel Cdk5 inhibitors, highlighting an experimental hit rate of 50% and thus validating the reliability of the in silico workflow. Both identified ligands, compounds CPD1 and CPD4, showed a promising enzyme inhibitory activity and CPD1 also demonstrated a remarkable antiproliferative activity in ovarian and colon cancer cells. These ligands represent a valuable starting point for structure-based hit-optimization studies aimed at identifying new potent Cdk5 inhibitors.
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Li Y, Yao F, Jiao Z, Su X, Wu T, Peng J, Yang Z, Chen W, Yang A. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 promotes the growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through the microRNA 513c-5p/cell division cycle 25B pathway and is associated with a poor prognosis. Cancer 2022; 128:1775-1786. [PMID: 35143052 PMCID: PMC9303762 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in regulating the growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Methods The authors used multiple methods to detect the levels of CDK5 expression in samples of TSCC and to explore the relation between CDK5 expression and various clinicopathologic factors. In vivo and in vitro cell experiments were performed to detect the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TSCC cells with CDK5 knockdown or overexpression. These studies verified that CDK5 regulates the occurrence and development of TSCC cells through the microRNA 513c‐5p/cell division cycle 25B pathway. Results An elevated level of CDK5 expression in TSCC tissues was identified as an independent risk factor affecting TSCC growth and patient prognosis. Patients who had TSCC with low levels of CDK5 expression had a higher survival rate than those with high levels. Knockdown of CDK5 reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the authors observed that CDK5 regulated the growth of TSCC through the microRNA 513c‐5p/cell division cycle C25B pathway. Conclusions CDK5 functions as an oncogene in TSCC and might serve as a molecular marker for use in the diagnosis and treatment of TSCC. Lay Summary Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is 1 of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, and the survival rate of patients with tongue cancer has been very low. Therefore, it is important to study the molecular mechanism of TSCC progression to identify biomarkers that can be used to improve its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is an atypical member of the cyclin‐dependent kinase family and is involved in regulating the cell cycle. Changes in the cell cycle are of great significance for the occurrence and development of tumor cells; and, in recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that CDK5 exists in a disordered state in cancer cells. In this study, the authors demonstrate that CDK5 functions as an oncogene in TSCC and might serve as a molecular marker for use in the diagnosis and treatment of TSCC.
The role of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 and its molecular mechanism in regulating the growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) are investigated. The results indicate that cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 is involved in the occurrence and development of TSCC and could possibly serve as a new prognostic marker and molecular target for treating TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zan Jiao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankui Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Circular RNA circRHOT1 contributes to pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer by epigenetically enhancing C-MYC expression through recruiting KAT5. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20372-20382. [PMID: 34406978 PMCID: PMC8436947 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) one of the most prevalent and severe malignancies globally and the molecular mechanisms of NSCLC are poor understood, limiting the development of diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as a sort of critical regulator in cancer progression. In this study, we identities the epigenetic regulation function of circular RNA circRHOT1 in promoting NSCLC cell proliferation. We found that circRHOT1 were elevated in the clinical tumor tissues relative to that in the peritumor tissues from NSCLC patients. circRHOT1 was up-regulated in human lung cancer cell lines compared with normal human lung epithelial cell line. MTT assays revealed that the silencing of circRHOT1 by siRNA suppressed cell viabilities of NSCLC cells. Colony formation and Edu assays confirmed that circRHOT1 knockdown attenuated NSCLC cell proliferation in vitro. Meanwhile, the depletion of circRHOT1 induced NSCLC cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. Mechanically, the depletion of circRHOT1 remarkably reduced c-MYC mRNA and protein expression in NSCLC cells. Inhibition of circRHOT1 reduced the enrichment of transcription active marker histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) and RNA polymerase II on the promoter of c-MYC. RNA pull down analysis showed that circRHOT1 was able to directly interact with acetyltransferase KAT5 in NSCLC cells. In summary, we concluded that circRHOT1 contributed to pathogenesis of NSCLC by epigenetically enhancing c-MYC expression through recruiting KAT5. CircRHOT1 and KAT5 may be used as the potential targets for NSCLC therapy.
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Gao GB, Sun Y, Fang RD, Wang Y, Wang Y, He QY. Post-translational modifications of CDK5 and their biological roles in cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:22. [PMID: 35006426 PMCID: PMC8607427 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) have emerged as important regulatory mechanisms that modulate cancer development in patients. Though CDK5 is an atypical member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, its aberrant expression links to cell proliferation, DNA damage response, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis in cancer. Current studies suggested that, new PTMs on CDK5, including S-nitrosylation, sumoylation, and acetylation, serve as molecular switches to control the kinase activity of CDK5 in the cell. However, a majority of these modifications and their biological significance in cancer remain uncharacterized. In this review, we discussed the role of PTMs on CDK5-mediated signaling cascade, and their possible mechanisms of action in malignant tumors, as well as the challenges and future perspectives in this field. On the basis of the newly identified regulatory signaling pathways of CDK5 related to PTMs, researchers have investigated the cancer therapeutic potential of chemical compounds, small-molecule inhibitors, and competitive peptides by targeting CDK5 and its PTMs. Results of these preclinical studies demonstrated that targeting PTMs of CDK5 yields promising antitumor effects and that clinical translation of these therapeutic strategies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Bin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yue Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Run-Dong Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Do PA, Lee CH. The Role of CDK5 in Tumours and Tumour Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E101. [PMID: 33396266 PMCID: PMC7795262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which belongs to the protein kinase family, regulates neuronal function but is also associated with cancer development and has been proposed as a target for cancer treatment. Indeed, CDK5 has roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune response. Aberrant CDK5 activation triggers tumour progression in numerous types of cancer. In this review, we summarise the role of CDK5 in cancer and neurons and CDK5 inhibitors. We expect that our review helps researchers to develop CDK5 inhibitors as treatments for refractory cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Phamaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team, and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang 100-715, Korea;
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