1
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McGuire J, Taguchi T, Tombline G, Paige V, Janelsins M, Gilmore N, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Hyaluronidase inhibitor delphinidin inhibits cancer metastasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14958. [PMID: 38942920 PMCID: PMC11213947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, with metastasis being a key contributor to its lethality. Abundant high molecular mass hyaluronic acid, a major non-protein component of extracellular matrix, protects naked mole rats from cancer and reduces cancer incidence in mice. Hyaluronidase plays a critical role in degrading hyaluronic acid and is frequently overexpressed in metastatic cancer. Here we investigated the potential of targeting hyaluronidases to reduce metastasis. A high throughput screen identified delphinidin, a natural plant compound found in fruits and vegetables, as a potent hyaluronidase inhibitor. Delphinidin-mediated inhibition of hyaluronidase activity led to an increase in high molecular weight hyaluronic acid in cell culture and in mouse tissues, and reduced migration and invasion behavior of breast, prostate, and melanoma cancer cells. Moreover, delphinidin treatment suppressed melanoma metastasis in mice. Our study provides a proof of principle that inhibition of hyaluronidase activity suppresses cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, we identified a natural compound delphinidin as a potential anticancer therapeutic. Thus, we have identified a path for clinical translation of the cancer resistance mechanism identified in the naked mole rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy McGuire
- Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Box CU 420658, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Taketo Taguchi
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gregory Tombline
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Paige
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Janelsins
- Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Box CU 420658, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nikesha Gilmore
- Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Box CU 420658, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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2
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Guo S, Kolan S, Li G, Hammarström CL, Grimolizzi F, Stuhr LEB, Skålhegg BS. Reduced EO771-induced tumour growth and increased overall-survival of mice ablated for immune cell-specific catalytic subunit Cβ2 of protein kinase A. Immunol Lett 2024; 268:106884. [PMID: 38908524 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Ablation of the immune-specific catalytic subunit Cβ2 of protein kinase A is associated with a proinflammatory phenotype and increased sensitivity to autoimmunity in mice. Here we show that tumour growth of the adenocarcinoma cell line EO771 in the breast and in the lung after injection into the mammary fat pad and tail vein, respectively, was significantly reduced in mice ablated for Cβ2 compared to wild-type mice. In both cases, the breast and lung tumours showed increased infiltration of immune cells in the mice lacking Cβ2 compared to wild-type mice. Despite this, it appeared that solid tissue- versus intravenously injected EO771 cells evoked different immune responses. This was reflected by significantly increased levels of splenic proinflammatory immune cells and circulating cytokines in Cβ2 ablated mice carrying breast- but not the lung tumours. Moreover, Cβ2 ablated mice injected with EO771 cells showed increased overall survival compared to wild-type mice. Taken together, our results suggest for a role for immune cell-specific Cβ2 in protecting against tumour growth induced by EO771 cells in mice that is reflected in improved overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shrikant Kolan
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Franco Grimolizzi
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn Steen Skålhegg
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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3
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Marlin S, Goepp M, Desiderio A, Rougé S, Aldekwer S, Le Guennec D, Goncalves-Mendes N, Talvas J, Farges MC, Rossary A. Long-Term High-Fat Diet Limits the Protective Effect of Spontaneous Physical Activity on Mammary Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6221. [PMID: 38892407 PMCID: PMC11172547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is influenced by factors such as diet, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and postmenopausal status, which are all linked to prolonged hormonal and inflammatory exposure. Physical activity offers protection against breast cancer by modulating hormones, immune responses, and oxidative defenses. This study aimed to assess how a prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) affects the effectiveness of physical activity in preventing and managing mammary tumorigenesis. Ovariectomised C57BL/6 mice were provided with an enriched environment to induce spontaneous physical activity while being fed HFD. After 44 days (short-term, ST HFD) or 88 days (long-term, LT HFD), syngenic EO771 cells were implanted into mammary glands, and tumour growth was monitored until sacrifice. Despite similar physical activity and food intake, the LT HFD group exhibited higher visceral adipose tissue mass and reduced skeletal muscle mass. In the tumour microenvironment, the LT HFD group showed decreased NK cells and TCD8+ cells, with a trend toward increased T regulatory cells, leading to a collapse of the T8/Treg ratio. Additionally, the LT HFD group displayed decreased tumour triglyceride content and altered enzyme activities indicative of oxidative stress. Prolonged exposure to HFD was associated with tumour growth despite elevated physical activity, promoting a tolerogenic tumour microenvironment. Future studies should explore inter-organ exchanges between tumour and tissues.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Female
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Oxidative Stress
- Carcinogenesis
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/prevention & control
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Marlin
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Marie Goepp
- Resolution Therapeutics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Adrien Desiderio
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Stéphanie Rougé
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Sahar Aldekwer
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Delphine Le Guennec
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Nicolas Goncalves-Mendes
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Jérémie Talvas
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Marie-Chantal Farges
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
| | - Adrien Rossary
- UNH—Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAe, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.M.); (A.D.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (D.L.G.); (N.G.-M.); (J.T.)
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4
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Elfstrum AK, Rumahorbo AH, Reese LE, Nelson EV, McCluskey BM, Schwertfeger KL. LYVE-1-expressing Macrophages Modulate the Hyaluronan-containing Extracellular Matrix in the Mammary Stroma and Contribute to Mammary Tumor Growth. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1380-1397. [PMID: 38717149 PMCID: PMC11141485 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages represent a heterogeneous myeloid population with diverse functions in normal tissues and tumors. While macrophages expressing the cell surface marker lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) have been identified in stromal regions of the normal mammary gland and in the peritumoral stroma, their functions within these regions are not well understood. Using a genetic mouse model of LYVE-1+ macrophage depletion, we demonstrate that loss of LYVE-1+ macrophages is associated with altered extracellular matrix remodeling in the normal mammary gland and reduced mammary tumor growth in vivo. In further studies focused on investigating the functions of LYVE-1+ macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, we demonstrate that LYVE-1 expression correlates with an increased ability of macrophages to bind, internalize, and degrade hyaluronan. Consistent with this, we show that depletion of LYVE-1+ macrophages correlates with increased hyaluronan accumulation in both the normal mammary gland and in mammary tumors. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing of macrophages isolated from these tumors reveals that depletion of LYVE-1+ macrophages in tumors drives a shift in the majority of the remaining macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype, as well as an increase in CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Together, these findings indicate that LYVE-1+ macrophages represent a tumor-promoting anti-inflammatory subset of macrophages that contributes to hyaluronan remodeling in the tumor microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE We have identified a macrophage subset in mouse mammary tumors associated with tumor structural components. When this macrophage subset is absent in tumors, we report a delay in tumor growth and an increase in antitumor immune cells. Understanding the functions of distinct macrophage subsets may allow for improved therapeutic strategies for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis K. Elfstrum
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Annisa H. Rumahorbo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lyndsay E. Reese
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Emma V. Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Braedan M. McCluskey
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kathryn L. Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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5
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Mahmood N, Arakelian A, Szyf M, Rabbani SA. Methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2 (Mbd2) drives breast cancer progression through the modulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:959-974. [PMID: 38556549 PMCID: PMC11058268 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (Mbd2), a reader of DNA methylation, has been implicated in different types of malignancies, including breast cancer. However, the exact role of Mbd2 in various stages of breast cancer growth and progression in vivo has not been determined. To test whether Mbd2 plays a causal role in mammary tumor growth and metastasis, we performed genetic knockout (KO) of Mbd2 in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice and compared mammary tumor progression kinetics between the wild-type (PyMT-Mbd2+/+) and KO (PyMT-Mbd2-/-) groups. Our results demonstrated that deletion of Mbd2 in PyMT mice impedes primary tumor growth and lung metastasis at the experimental endpoint (postnatal week 20). Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of primary tumors revealed that Mbd2 deletion abrogates the expression of several key determinants involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, such as neural cadherin (N-cadherin) and osteopontin. Importantly, loss of the Mbd2 gene impairs the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is required for PyMT-mediated oncogenic transformation, growth, and survival of breast tumor cells. Taken together, the results of this study provide a rationale for further development of epigenetic therapies targeting Mbd2 to inhibit the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A3J1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A1A3, Canada
| | - Ani Arakelian
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A3J1, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Shafaat A Rabbani
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A3J1, Canada.
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6
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Akman T, Arendt LM, Geisler J, Kristensen VN, Frigessi A, Köhn-Luque A. Modeling of Mouse Experiments Suggests that Optimal Anti-Hormonal Treatment for Breast Cancer is Diet-Dependent. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:42. [PMID: 38498130 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-023-01253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor positive breast cancer is frequently treated with anti-hormonal treatment such as aromatase inhibitors (AI). Interestingly, a high body mass index has been shown to have a negative impact on AI efficacy, most likely due to disturbances in steroid metabolism and adipokine production. Here, we propose a mathematical model based on a system of ordinary differential equations to investigate the effect of high-fat diet on tumor growth. We inform the model with data from mouse experiments, where the animals are fed with high-fat or control (normal) diet. By incorporating AI treatment with drug resistance into the model and by solving optimal control problems we found differential responses for control and high-fat diet. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to model optimal anti-hormonal treatment for breast cancer in the presence of drug resistance. Our results underline the importance of considering high-fat diet and obesity as factors influencing clinical outcomes during anti-hormonal therapies in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Akman
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, 06790, Etimesgut, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Lisa M Arendt
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus AHUS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnoldo Frigessi
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alvaro Köhn-Luque
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Molière S, Martinet A, Jaulin A, Lodi M, Chamaraux-Tran TN, Alpy F, Bierry G, Tomasetto C. Fast Ultrasound Scanning is a Rapid, Sensitive, Precise and Cost-Effective Method to Monitor Tumor Grafts in Mice. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2024; 29:2. [PMID: 38289494 PMCID: PMC10827948 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-024-09555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In preclinical studies, accurate monitoring of tumor dynamics is crucial for understanding cancer biology and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Traditional methods like caliper measurements and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) have limitations, prompting the need for improved imaging techniques. This study introduces a fast-scan high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) protocol for the longitudinal assessment of syngeneic breast tumor grafts in mice, comparing its performance with caliper, BLI measurements and with histological analysis. The E0771 mammary gland tumor cell line, engineered to express luciferase, was orthotopically grafted into immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. Tumor growth was monitored longitudinally at multiple timepoints using caliper measurement, HFUS, and BLI, with the latter two modalities assessed against histopathological standards post-euthanasia. The HFUS protocol was designed for rapid, anesthesia-free scanning, focusing on volume estimation, echogenicity, and necrosis visualization. All mice developed tumors, only 20.6% were palpable at day 4. HFUS detected tumors as small as 2.2 mm in average diameter from day 4 post-implantation, with an average scanning duration of 47 s per mouse. It provided a more accurate volume assessment than caliper, with a lower average bias relative to reference tumor volume. HFUS also revealed tumor necrosis, correlating strongly with BLI in terms of tumor volume and cellularity. Notable discrepancies between HFUS and BLI growth rates were attributed to immune cell infiltration. The fast HFUS protocol enables precise and efficient tumor assessment in preclinical studies, offering significant advantages over traditional methods in terms of speed, accuracy, and animal welfare, aligning with the 3R principle in animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Molière
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Illkirch, France.
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Department of Radiology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.
- Breast and Thyroid Imaging Unit, ICANS, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Arthur Martinet
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amélie Jaulin
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Massimo Lodi
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thien-Nga Chamaraux-Tran
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Anesthesiology, Groupe Hospitalier Saint Vincent, Clinique Sainte Barbe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabien Alpy
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Bierry
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Radiology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
- Engineering Science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube), Integrative Multimodal Imaging in Healthcare, UMR 7357, University of Strasbourg-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Tomasetto
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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8
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Liu S, Benito-Martin A, Pelissier Vatter FA, Hanif SZ, Liu C, Bhardwaj P, Sethupathy P, Farghli AR, Piloco P, Paik P, Mushannen M, Dong X, Otterburn DM, Cohen L, Bareja R, Krumsiek J, Cohen-Gould L, Calto S, Spector JA, Elemento O, Lyden DC, Brown KA. Breast adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles from obese women alter tumor cell metabolism. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57339. [PMID: 37929643 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast adipose tissue is an important contributor to the obesity-breast cancer link. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles containing selective cargo, such as miRNAs, that act locally or circulate to distant sites to modulate target cell functions. Here, we find that long-term education of breast cancer cells with EVs obtained from breast adipose tissue of women who are overweight or obese (O-EVs) results in increased proliferation. RNA-seq analysis of O-EV-educated cells demonstrates increased expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, such as ATP synthase and NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase. O-EVs increase respiratory complex protein expression, mitochondrial density, and mitochondrial respiration in tumor cells. The mitochondrial complex I inhibitor metformin reverses O-EV-induced cell proliferation. Several miRNAs-miR-155-5p, miR-10a-3p, and miR-30a-3p-which promote mitochondrial respiration and proliferation, are enriched in O-EVs relative to EVs from lean women. O-EV-induced proliferation and mitochondrial activity are associated with stimulation of the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K pathway, and are reversed upon silencing of P70S6K. This study reveals a new facet of the obesity-breast cancer link with human breast adipose tissue-derived EVs causing metabolic reprogramming of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Liu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Alberto Benito-Martin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio (UAX), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fanny A Pelissier Vatter
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Z Hanif
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Liu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alaa R Farghli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Phoebe Piloco
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Paik
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malik Mushannen
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Leslie Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leona Cohen-Gould
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Core Laboratories Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Calto
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason A Spector
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David C Lyden
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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9
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Macaraniag C, Zhou J, Li J, Putzbach W, Hay N, Papautsky I. Microfluidic isolation of breast cancer circulating tumor cells from microvolumes of mouse blood. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1859-1867. [PMID: 37528726 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has shown significant research and clinical implications in cancer. Particularly, the isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in preclinical studies can provide crucial information about disease progression and therefore may guide treatment decisions. Microfluidic isolation systems have played a considerable role in CTC isolation for cancer studies, disease diagnosis, and prognosis. CTCs are often studied using preclinical animal models such as xenografts or syngeneic models. However, most isolation systems are tested on human cell lines and human blood, whereas less validation studies are done on preclinical samples such as CTCs from mouse models. Here, we demonstrate and evaluate a complete workflow of a sized-based inertial microfluidic device to isolate CTCs from blood using exclusively mouse blood and mouse cancer cell lines. We then incorporate the cytospin, a commonly used method for enumeration of small number of cells in a glass slide to quantify the total cell yield of our workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Macaraniag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William Putzbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nissim Hay
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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10
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David T, Mallavialle A, Faget J, Alcaraz LB, Lapierre M, du Roure PD, Laurent-Matha V, Mansouri H, Jarlier M, Martineau P, Roger P, Guiu S, Chardès T, Liaudet-Coopman E. Anti-cathepsin D immunotherapy triggers both innate and adaptive anti-tumour immunity in breast cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 38030588 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poorer outcomes than other breast cancers (BC), including HER2+ BC. Cathepsin D (CathD) is a poor prognosis marker overproduced by BC cells, hypersecreted in the tumour microenvironment with tumour-promoting activity. Here, we characterized the immunomodulatory activity of the anti-CathD antibody F1 and its improved Fab-aglycosylated version (F1M1) in immunocompetent mouse models of TNBC (C57BL/6 mice harbouring E0771 cell grafts) and HER2-amplified BC (BALB/c mice harbouring TUBO cell grafts). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CathD expression was evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence, and antibody binding to CathD by ELISA. Antibody anti-tumour efficacy was investigated in mouse models. Immune cell recruitment and activation were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunophenotyping, and RT-qPCR. KEY RESULTS F1 and F1M1 antibodies remodelled the tumour immune landscape. Both antibodies promoted innate antitumour immunity by preventing the recruitment of immunosuppressive M2-polarized tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and by activating natural killer cells in the tumour microenvironment of both models. This translated into a reduction of T-cell exhaustion markers in the tumour microenvironment that could be locally supported by enhanced activation of anti-tumour antigen-presenting cell (M1-polarized TAMs and cDC1 cells) functions. Both antibodies inhibited tumour growth in the highly-immunogenic E0771 model, but only marginally in the immune-excluded TUBO model, indicating that anti-CathD immunotherapy is more relevant for BC with a high immune cell infiltrate, as often observed in TNBC. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION Anti-CathD antibody-based therapy triggers the anti-tumour innate and adaptive immunity in preclinical models of BC and is a promising immunotherapy for immunogenic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée David
- IRCM, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Julien Faget
- IRCM, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marion Lapierre
- IRCM, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Hanane Mansouri
- IRCM, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
- RHEM, IRCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Roger
- IRCM, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Pathology, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Séverine Guiu
- IRCM, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Chardès
- IRCM, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
- Centre national de la recherche Scientifique, CNRS, Paris, France
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11
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Rasmussen M, Alvik K, Kannen V, Olafsen NE, Erlingsson LAM, Grimaldi G, Takaoka A, Grant DM, Matthews J. Loss of PARP7 Increases Type I Interferon Signaling in EO771 Breast Cancer Cells and Prevents Mammary Tumor Growth by Increasing Antitumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3689. [PMID: 37509350 PMCID: PMC10377955 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP7 is a member of the ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like (ARTD) family and acts as a repressor of type I interferon (IFN) signaling. PARP7 inhibition causes tumor regression by enhancing antitumor immunity, which is dependent on the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) activity, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. To better understand PARP7's role in cancer, we generated and characterized PARP7 knockout (Parp7KO) EO771 mouse mammary cancer cells in vitro and in a preclinical syngeneic tumor model using catalytic mutant Parp7H532A mice. Loss of PARP7 expression or inhibition of its activity increased type I IFN signaling, as well as the levels of interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) and specifically unphosphorylated-ISGF3 regulated target genes. This was partly because PARP7's modification of the RelA subunit of nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB). PARP7 loss had no effect on tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. In contrast, injection of wildtype cells into Parp7H532A mice resulted in smaller tumors compared with cells injected into Parp7+/+ mice. Parp7H532A mice injected with Parp7KO cells failed to develop tumors and those that developed regressed. Our data highlight the importance of PARP7 in the immune cells and further support targeting PARP7 for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karoline Alvik
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vinicius Kannen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ninni E Olafsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Linnea A M Erlingsson
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Giulia Grimaldi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Akinori Takaoka
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, 7 Chome Kita 15 Jonishi, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Denis M Grant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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12
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Perez-Lanzon M, Carbonnier V, Cordier P, De Palma FDE, Petrazzuolo A, Klein C, Arbaretaz F, Mangane K, Stoll G, Martins I, Fohrer Ting H, Paillet J, Mouillet-Richard S, Le Corre D, Xiao W, Sroussi M, Desdouets C, Laurent-Puig P, Pol J, Lopez-Otin C, Maiuri MC, Kroemer G. New hormone receptor-positive breast cancer mouse cell line mimicking the immune microenvironment of anti-PD-1 resistant mammary carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007117. [PMID: 37344100 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progress in breast cancer (BC) research relies on the availability of suitable cell lines that can be implanted in immunocompetent laboratory mice. The best studied mouse strain, C57BL/6, is also the only one for which multiple genetic variants are available to facilitate the exploration of the cancer-immunity dialog. Driven by the fact that no hormone receptor-positive (HR+) C57BL/6-derived mammary carcinoma cell lines are available, we decided to establish such cell lines. METHODS BC was induced in female C57BL/6 mice using a synthetic progesterone analog (medroxyprogesterone acetate, MPA) combined with a DNA damaging agent (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, DMBA). Cell lines were established from these tumors and selected for dual (estrogen+progesterone) receptor positivity, as well as transplantability into C57BL/6 immunocompetent females. RESULTS One cell line, which we called B6BC, fulfilled these criteria and allowed for the establishment of invasive estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors with features of epithelial to mesenchymal transition that were abundantly infiltrated by myeloid immune populations but scarcely by T lymphocytes, as determined by single-nucleus RNA sequencing and high-dimensional leukocyte profiling. Such tumors failed to respond to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade, but reduced their growth on treatment with ER antagonists, as well as with anthracycline-based chemotherapy, which was not influenced by T-cell depletion. Moreover, B6BC-derived tumors reduced their growth on CD11b blockade, indicating tumor sustainment by myeloid cells. The immune environment and treatment responses recapitulated by B6BC-derived tumors diverged from those of ER+ TS/A cell-derived tumors in BALB/C mice, and of ER- E0771 cell-derived and MPA/DMBA-induced tumors in C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSIONS B6BC is the first transplantable HR+ BC cell line derived from C57BL/6 mice and B6BC-derived tumors recapitulate the complex tumor microenvironment of locally advanced HR+ BC naturally resistant to PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Perez-Lanzon
- Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent Carbonnier
- Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Cordier
- Team 'Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology', Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma
- Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Adriana Petrazzuolo
- Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Klein
- Centre d'Histologie, d'Imagerie cellulaire et de Cytométrie (CHIC), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France, UMRS1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Arbaretaz
- Centre d'Histologie, d'Imagerie cellulaire et de Cytométrie (CHIC), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France, UMRS1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Khady Mangane
- Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Gautier Stoll
- Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Helene Fohrer Ting
- Centre d'Histologie, d'Imagerie cellulaire et de Cytométrie (CHIC), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France, UMRS1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Paillet
- Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- Team 'Personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, therapeutic optimization', Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Le Corre
- Team 'Personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, therapeutic optimization', Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Wenjjin Xiao
- Team 'Personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, therapeutic optimization', Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Marine Sroussi
- Team 'Personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, therapeutic optimization', Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Desdouets
- Team 'Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology', Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Team 'Personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, therapeutic optimization', Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Institut Universitaire de France, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Carlos Lopez-Otin
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncologia (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Institut Universitaire de France, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France-HP, Paris, France
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13
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Wu C, Zhong Q, Shrestha R, Wang J, Hu X, Li H, Rouchka EC, Yan J, Ding C. Reactive myelopoiesis and FX-expressing macrophages triggered by chemotherapy promote cancer lung metastasis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167499. [PMID: 36976637 PMCID: PMC10243818 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that certain cytotoxic drugs enhance metastasis, but the importance of host responses triggered by chemotherapy in regulating cancer metastasis has not been fully explored. Here, we showed that multidose gemcitabine (GEM) treatment promoted breast cancer lung metastasis in a transgenic spontaneous breast cancer model. GEM treatment significantly increased accumulation of CCR2+ macrophages and monocytes in the lungs of tumor-bearing as well as tumor-free mice. These changes were largely caused by chemotherapy-induced reactive myelopoiesis biased toward monocyte development. Mechanistically, enhanced production of mitochondrial ROS was observed in GEM-treated BM Lin-Sca1+c-Kit+ cells and monocytes. Treatment with the mitochondria targeted antioxidant abrogated GEM-induced hyperdifferentiation of BM progenitors. In addition, GEM treatment induced upregulation of host cell-derived CCL2, and knockout of CCR2 signaling abrogated the pro-metastatic host response induced by chemotherapy. Furthermore, chemotherapy treatment resulted in the upregulation of coagulation factor X (FX) in lung interstitial macrophages. Targeting activated FX (FXa) using FXa inhibitor or F10 gene knockdown reduced the pro-metastatic effect of chemotherapy. Together, these studies suggest a potentially novel mechanism for chemotherapy-induced metastasis via the host response-induced accumulation of monocytes/macrophages and interplay between coagulation and inflammation in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijun Wu
- UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center and
| | | | - Rejeena Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | | | - Hong Li
- UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center and
| | - Eric C. Rouchka
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville J.B. Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chuanlin Ding
- UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center and
- Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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14
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Kim DJ, Anandh S, Null JL, Przanowski P, Bhatnagar S, Kumar P, Shelton SE, Grundy EE, Chiappinelli KB, Kamm RD, Barbie DA, Dudley AC. Priming a vascular-selective cytokine response permits CD8 + T-cell entry into tumors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2122. [PMID: 37055433 PMCID: PMC10101959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) has immunomodulatory and anti-neoplastic activity, especially when paired with cancer immunotherapies. Here we explore the immunoregulatory functions of DNMT1 in the tumor vasculature of female mice. Dnmt1 deletion in endothelial cells (ECs) impairs tumor growth while priming expression of cytokine-driven cell adhesion molecules and chemokines important for CD8+ T-cell trafficking across the vasculature; consequently, the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is enhanced. We find that the proangiogenic factor FGF2 promotes ERK-mediated DNMT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation to repress transcription of the chemokines Cxcl9/Cxcl10 in ECs. Targeting Dnmt1 in ECs reduces proliferation but augments Th1 chemokine production and extravasation of CD8+ T-cells, suggesting DNMT1 programs immunologically anergic tumor vasculature. Our study is in good accord with preclinical observations that pharmacologically disrupting DNMT1 enhances the activity of ICB but suggests an epigenetic pathway presumed to be targeted in cancer cells is also operative in the tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Joong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Swetha Anandh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jamie L Null
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Piotr Przanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sarah E Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Erin E Grundy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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15
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Lambouras M, Roelofs C, Pereira M, Gruber E, Vieusseux JL, Lanteri P, Johnstone CN, Muntz F, O’Toole S, Ooms LM, Mitchell CA, Anderson RL, Britt KL. Functional and Phenotypic Characterisations of Common Syngeneic Tumour Cell Lines as Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065666. [PMID: 36982737 PMCID: PMC10053941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers (ER+ BCas) are the most common form of BCa and are increasing in incidence, largely due to changes in reproductive practices in recent decades. Tamoxifen is prescribed as a component of standard-of-care endocrine therapy for the treatment and prevention of ER+ BCa. However, it is poorly tolerated, leading to low uptake of the drug in the preventative setting. Alternative therapies and preventatives for ER+ BCa are needed but development is hampered due to a paucity of syngeneic ER+ preclinical mouse models that allow pre-clinical experimentation in immunocompetent mice. Two ER-positive models, J110 and SSM3, have been reported in addition to other tumour models occasionally shown to express ER (for example 4T1.2, 67NR, EO771, D2.0R and D2A1). Here, we have assessed ER expression and protein levels in seven mouse mammary tumour cell lines and their corresponding tumours, in addition to their cellular composition, tamoxifen sensitivity and molecular phenotype. By immunohistochemical assessment, SSM3 and, to a lesser extent, 67NR cells are ER+. Using flow cytometry and transcript expression we show that SSM3 cells are luminal in nature, whilst D2.0R and J110 cells are stromal/basal. The remainder are also stromal/basal in nature; displaying a stromal or basal Epcam/CD49f FACS phenotype and stromal and basal gene expression signatures are overrepresented in their transcript profile. Consistent with a luminal identity for SSM3 cells, they also show sensitivity to tamoxifen in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the data indicate that the SSM3 syngeneic cell line is the only definitively ER+ mouse mammary tumour cell line widely available for pre-clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lambouras
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Charlotte Roelofs
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Melrine Pereira
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Emily Gruber
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jessica L. Vieusseux
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick Lanteri
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Cameron N. Johnstone
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Fenella Muntz
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sandra O’Toole
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Australian Clinical Labs, Sydney, NSW 2153, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Ooms
- Cancer Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christina A. Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Robin L. Anderson
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Kara L. Britt
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-38599-7110
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16
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Virassamy B, Caramia F, Savas P, Sant S, Wang J, Christo SN, Byrne A, Clarke K, Brown E, Teo ZL, von Scheidt B, Freestone D, Gandolfo LC, Weber K, Teply-Szymanski J, Li R, Luen SJ, Denkert C, Loibl S, Lucas O, Swanton C, Speed TP, Darcy PK, Neeson PJ, Mackay LK, Loi S. Intratumoral CD8 + T cells with a tissue-resident memory phenotype mediate local immunity and immune checkpoint responses in breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:585-601.e8. [PMID: 36827978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with a tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cell phenotype are associated with favorable prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the relative contribution of CD8+ TRM cells to anti-tumor immunity and immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in breast cancer remains unknown. Here, we show that intratumoral CD8+ T cells in murine mammary tumors transcriptionally resemble those from TNBC patients. Phenotypic and transcriptional studies established two intratumoral sub-populations: one more enriched in markers of terminal exhaustion (TEX-like) and the other with a bona fide resident phenotype (TRM-like). Treatment with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy resulted in expansion of these intratumoral populations, with the TRM-like subset displaying significantly enhanced cytotoxic capacity. TRM-like CD8+ T cells could also provide local immune protection against tumor rechallenge and a TRM gene signature extracted from tumor-free tissue was significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes in TNBC patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Virassamy
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Franco Caramia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Savas
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sneha Sant
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jianan Wang
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan N Christo
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ann Byrne
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie Clarke
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emmaline Brown
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhi Ling Teo
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bianca von Scheidt
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Freestone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke C Gandolfo
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karsten Weber
- German Breast Cancer Group, GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Julia Teply-Szymanski
- German Breast Cancer Group, GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, University Marburg-Giessen, Campus Marburg, Germany
| | - Ran Li
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Luen
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carsten Denkert
- German Breast Cancer Group, GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, University Marburg-Giessen, Campus Marburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Cancer Group, GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Lucas
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Computational Cancer Genomics Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Terence P Speed
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Paul J Neeson
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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17
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NSC243928 Treatment Induces Anti-Tumor Immune Response in Mouse Mammary Tumor Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051468. [PMID: 36900259 PMCID: PMC10000927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NSC243928 induces cell death in triple-negative breast cancer cells in a LY6K-dependent manner. NSC243928 has been reported as an anti-cancer agent in the NCI small molecule library. The molecular mechanism of NSC243928 as an anti-cancer agent in the treatment of tumor growth in the syngeneic mouse model has not been established. With the success of immunotherapies, novel anti-cancer drugs that may elicit an anti-tumor immune response are of high interest in the development of novel drugs to treat solid cancer. Thus, we focused on studying whether NSC243928 may elicit an anti-tumor immune response in the in vivo mammary tumor models of 4T1 and E0771. We observed that NSC243928 induced immunogenic cell death in 4T1 and E0771 cells. Furthermore, NSC243928 mounted an anti-tumor immune response by increasing immune cells such as patrolling monocytes, NKT cells, B1 cells, and decreasing PMN MDSCs in vivo. Further studies are required to understand the exact mechanism of NSC243928 action in inducing an anti-tumor immune response in vivo, which can be used to determine a molecular signature associated with NSC243928 efficacy. NSC243928 may be a good target for future immuno-oncology drug development for breast cancer.
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18
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Gong Z, Li Q, Shi J, Li P, Hua L, Shultz LD, Ren G. Immunosuppressive reprogramming of neutrophils by lung mesenchymal cells promotes breast cancer metastasis. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd5204. [PMID: 36800412 PMCID: PMC10067025 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add5204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant innate immune cells, function as crucial regulators of the adaptive immune system in diverse pathological conditions, including metastatic cancer. However, it remains largely unknown whether their immunomodulatory functions are intrinsic or acquired within the pathological tissue environment. Here, using mouse models of metastatic breast cancer in the lungs, we show that, although neutrophils isolated from bone marrow (BM) or blood are minimally immunosuppressive, lung-infiltrating neutrophils are robustly suppressive of both T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. We found that this tissue-specific immunosuppressive capacity of neutrophils exists in the steady state and is reinforced by tumor-associated inflammation. Acquisition of potent immunosuppression activity by lung-infiltrating neutrophils was endowed by the lung-resident stroma, specifically CD140a+ mesenchymal cells (MCs) and largely via prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), the rate-limiting enzyme for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis. MC-specific deletion of Ptgs2 or pharmacological inhibition of PGE2 receptors reversed lung neutrophil-mediated immunosuppression and mitigated lung metastasis of breast cancer in vivo. These lung stroma-targeting strategies substantially improved the therapeutic efficacy of adoptive T cell-based immunotherapy in treating metastatic disease in mice. Collectively, our results reveal that the immunoregulatory effects of neutrophils are induced by tissue-resident stroma and that targeting tissue-specific stromal factors represents an effective approach to boost tissue-resident immunity against metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Qing Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Peishan Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Li Hua
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | - Guangwen Ren
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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19
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Liu S, Benito-Martin A, Pelissier Vatter FA, Hanif SZ, Liu C, Bhardwaj P, Sethupathy P, Farghli AR, Piloco P, Paik P, Mushannen M, Otterburn DM, Cohen L, Bareja R, Krumsiek J, Cohen-Gould L, Calto S, Spector JA, Elemento O, Lyden D, Brown KA. Breast adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles from women with obesity stimulate mitochondrial-induced dysregulated tumor cell metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527715. [PMID: 36798307 PMCID: PMC9934680 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast adipose tissue is an important contributor to the obesity-breast cancer link. Dysregulated cell metabolism is now an accepted hallmark of cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles containing selective cargo, such as miRNAs, that act locally or circulate to distant sites to modulate target cell functions. Here, we found that long-term education of breast cancer cells (MCF7, T47D) with EVs from breast adipose tissue of women who are overweight or obese (O-EVs) leads to sustained increased proliferative potential. RNA-Seq of O-EV-educated cells demonstrates increased expression of genes, such as ATP synthase and NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase, involved in oxidative phosphorylation. O-EVs increase respiratory complex protein expression, mitochondrial density, and mitochondrial respiration in tumor cells. Mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, metformin, reverses O-EV-induced cell proliferation. Several miRNAs, miR-155-5p, miR-10a-3p, and miR-30a-3p, which promote mitochondrial respiration and proliferation, are enriched in O-EVs relative to EVs from lean women. O-EV-induced proliferation and mitochondrial activity are associated with stimulation of the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K pathway, and are reversed upon silencing of P70S6K. This study reveals a new facet of the obesity-breast cancer link with human breast adipose tissue-derived EVs causing the metabolic reprogramming of ER+ breast cancer cells.
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20
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Wang R, Bhatt AB, Minden-Birkenmaier BA, Travis OK, Tiwari S, Jia H, Rosikiewicz W, Martinot O, Childs E, Loesch R, Tossou G, Jamieson S, Finkelstein D, Xu B, Labelle M. ZBTB18 restricts chromatin accessibility and prevents transcriptional adaptations that drive metastasis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq3951. [PMID: 36608120 PMCID: PMC9821869 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metastases arise from rare cancer cells that successfully adapt to the diverse microenvironments encountered during dissemination through the bloodstream and colonization of distant tissues. How cancer cells acquire the ability to appropriately respond to microenvironmental stimuli remains largely unexplored. Here, we report an epigenetic pliancy mechanism that allows cancer cells to successfully metastasize. We find that a decline in the activity of the transcriptional repressor ZBTB18 defines metastasis-competent cancer cells in mouse models. Restoration of ZBTB18 activity reduces chromatin accessibility at the promoters of genes that drive metastasis, such as Tgfbr2, and this prevents TGFβ1 pathway activation and consequently reduces cell migration and invasion. Besides repressing the expression of metastatic genes, ZBTB18 also induces widespread chromatin closing, a global epigenetic adaptation previously linked to reduced phenotypic flexibility. Thus, ZBTB18 is a potent chromatin regulator, and the loss of its activity enhances chromatin accessibility and transcriptional adaptations that promote the phenotypic changes required for metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishan Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Solid Tumor Program, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Akshita B. Bhatt
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Solid Tumor Program, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Minden-Birkenmaier
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Solid Tumor Program, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Olivia K. Travis
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Solid Tumor Program, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Srishti Tiwari
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Solid Tumor Program, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hong Jia
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Solid Tumor Program, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ophelie Martinot
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Solid Tumor Program, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Eleanor Childs
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Solid Tumor Program, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Robin Loesch
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Solid Tumor Program, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Guenole Tossou
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Solid Tumor Program, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sophie Jamieson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Myriam Labelle
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Solid Tumor Program, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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21
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Co-Targeting Luminal B Breast Cancer with S-Adenosylmethionine and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Reduces Primary Tumor Growth and Progression, and Metastasis to Lungs and Bone. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010048. [PMID: 36612044 PMCID: PMC9818024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most prevalent cancer in females and has a high rate of mortality, especially due to increased metastasis to skeletal and non-skeletal sites. Despite the marked clinical accomplishment of immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy in patients with several cancers, it has had limited success in luminal subtypes of BCa. Accordingly, recent efforts have focused on combination therapy with CPI, including epigenetic modulators, to increase response rates of CPI in luminal BCa. We have previously shown that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the ubiquitous methyl donor, has strong anti-cancer effects in various cancers, including all subtypes of BCa. In the current study, we took a novel approach and examined the effect of CPI alone and in combination with SAM on tumor growth and metastasis in a syngeneic mouse model of luminal B BCa. We showed that SAM decreases cell proliferation, colony-formation (survival), and invasion of luminal B BCa cell lines (Eo771, R221A) in vitro. In in vivo studies, in Eo771 tumor-bearing mice, either SAM or anti-PD-1 antibody treatment alone significantly reduced tumor growth and progression, while the SAM+anti-PD-1 combination treatment had the highest anti-cancer efficacy of all groups. The SAM+anti-PD-1 combination reduced the percentage of animals with lung metastasis, as well as total metastatic lesion area, compared to control. Additionally, the SAM+anti-PD-1 combination significantly reduced the skeletal lesion area and protected tibial integrity to a greater extent than the monotherapies in an Eo771 bone metastasis model. Transcriptome analysis of Eo771 primary tumors revealed significant downregulation of pro-metastatic genes, including Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and related pathways. On the other hand, CD8+ T cell infiltration, CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity (elevated granzymes), and immunostimulatory genes and pathways were significantly upregulated by the combination treatment. The results presented point to a combination of SAM with CPI as a possible treatment for luminal B BCa that should be tested in clinical studies.
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22
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Gong Z, Li Q, Shi J, Liu ET, Shultz LD, Ren G. Lipid-laden lung mesenchymal cells foster breast cancer metastasis via metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and natural killer cells. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1960-1976.e9. [PMID: 36476935 PMCID: PMC9819197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the distant organ environment is known to support metastasis of primary tumors, its metabolic roles in this process remain underdetermined. Here, in breast cancer models, we found lung-resident mesenchymal cells (MCs) accumulating neutral lipids at the pre-metastatic stage. This was partially mediated by interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HILPDA) that subsequently represses adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity in lung MCs. MC-specific ablation of the ATGL or HILPDA genes in mice reinforced and reduced lung metastasis of breast cancer respectively, suggesting a metastasis-promoting effect of lipid-laden MCs. Mechanistically, lipid-laden MCs transported their lipids to tumor cells and natural killer (NK) cells via exosome-like vesicles, leading to heightened tumor cell survival and proliferation and NK cell dysfunction. Blockage of IL-1β, which was effective singly, improved the efficacy of adoptive NK cell immunotherapy in mitigating lung metastasis. Collectively, lung MCs metabolically regulate tumor cells and anti-tumor immunity to facilitate breast cancer lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Qing Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Edison T Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | - Guangwen Ren
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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23
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Hartmann L, Osen W, Eichmüller OL, Kordaß T, Furkel J, Dickes E, Reid C, Debus J, Brons S, Abdollahi A, Moustafa M, Rieken S, Eichmüller SB. Carbon ion irradiation plus CTLA4 blockade elicits therapeutic immune responses in a murine tumor model. Cancer Lett 2022; 550:215928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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24
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Gong Z, Li Q, Shi J, Wei J, Li P, Chang CH, Shultz LD, Ren G. Lung fibroblasts facilitate pre-metastatic niche formation by remodeling the local immune microenvironment. Immunity 2022; 55:1483-1500.e9. [PMID: 35908547 PMCID: PMC9830653 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumors are drivers of pre-metastatic niche formation, but the coordination by the secondary organ toward metastatic dissemination is underappreciated. Here, by single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence, we identified a population of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)-expressing adventitial fibroblasts that remodeled the lung immune microenvironment. At steady state, fibroblasts in the lungs produced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which drove dysfunctional dendritic cells (DCs) and suppressive monocytes. This lung-intrinsic stromal program was propagated by tumor-associated inflammation, particularly the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, supporting a pre-metastatic niche. Genetic ablation of Ptgs2 (encoding COX-2) in fibroblasts was sufficient to reverse the immune-suppressive phenotypes of lung-resident myeloid cells, resulting in heightened immune activation and diminished lung metastasis in multiple breast cancer models. Moreover, the anti-metastatic activity of DC-based therapy and PD-1 blockade was improved by fibroblast-specific Ptgs2 deletion or dual inhibition of PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4. Collectively, lung-resident fibroblasts reshape the local immune landscape to facilitate breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Qing Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jian Wei
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Peishan Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | | | - Guangwen Ren
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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25
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Regev O, Kizner M, Roncato F, Dadiani M, Saini M, Castro-Giner F, Yajuk O, Kozlovski S, Levi N, Addadi Y, Golani O, Ben-Dor S, Granot Z, Aceto N, Alon R. ICAM-1 on Breast Cancer Cells Suppresses Lung Metastasis but Is Dispensable for Tumor Growth and Killing by Cytotoxic T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849701. [PMID: 35911772 PMCID: PMC9328178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast tumors and their derived circulating cancer cells express the leukocyte β2 integrin ligand Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). We found that elevated ICAM-1 expression in breast cancer cells results in a favorable outcome and prolonged survival of breast cancer patients. We therefore assessed the direct in vivo contribution of ICAM-1 expressed by breast cancer cells to breast tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in syngeneic immunocompetent mice hosts using spontaneous and experimental models of the lung metastasis of the C57BL/6-derived E0771 cell line, a luminal B breast cancer subtype. Notably, the presence of ICAM-1 on E0771 did not alter tumor growth or the leukocyte composition in the tumor microenvironment. Interestingly, the elimination of Tregs led to the rapid killing of primary tumor cells independently of tumor ICAM-1 expression. The in vivo elimination of a primary E0771 tumor expressing the ovalbumin (OVA) model neoantigen by the OVA-specific OVA-tcr-I mice (OT-I) transgenic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) also took place normally in the absence of ICAM-1 expression by E0771 breast cancer target cells. The whole lung imaging of these cells by light sheet microscopy (LSM) revealed that both Wild type (WT)- and ICAM-1-deficient E0771 cells were equally disseminated from resected tumors and accumulated inside the lung vasculature at similar magnitudes. ICAM-1-deficient breast cancer cells developed, however, much larger metastatic lesions than their control counterparts. Strikingly, the vast majority of these cells gave rise to intravascular tumor colonies both in spontaneous and experimental metastasis models. In the latter model, ICAM-1 expressing E0771- but not their ICAM-1-deficient counterparts were highly susceptible to elimination by neutrophils adoptively transferred from E0771 tumor-bearing donor mice. Ex vivo, neutrophils derived from tumor-bearing mice also killed cultured E0771 cells via ICAM-1-dependent interactions. Collectively, our results are a first indication that ICAM-1 expressed by metastatic breast cancer cells that expand inside the lung vasculature is involved in innate rather than in adaptive cancer cell killing. This is also a first indication that the breast tumor expression of ICAM-1 is not required for CTL-mediated killing but can function as a suppressor of intravascular breast cancer metastasis to lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Regev
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marina Kizner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francesco Roncato
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Dadiani
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Massimo Saini
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesc Castro-Giner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olga Yajuk
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stav Kozlovski
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nehora Levi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ronen Alon,
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26
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Burn OK, Farrand K, Pritchard T, Draper S, Tang CW, Mooney AH, Schmidt AJ, Yang SH, Williams GM, Brimble MA, Kandasamy M, Marshall AJ, Clarke K, Painter GF, Hermans IF, Weinkove R. Glycolipid-peptide conjugate vaccines elicit CD8 + T-cell responses and prevent breast cancer metastasis. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1401. [PMID: 35795321 PMCID: PMC9250805 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Metastasis is the principal cause of breast cancer mortality. Vaccines targeting breast cancer antigens have yet to demonstrate clinical efficacy, and there remains an unmet need for safe and effective treatment to reduce the risk of metastasis, particularly for people with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Certain glycolipids can act as vaccine adjuvants by specifically stimulating natural killer T (NKT) cells to provide a universal form of T-cell help. Methods We designed and made a series of conjugate vaccines comprising a prodrug of the NKT cell-activating glycolipid α-galactosylceramide covalently linked to tumor-expressed peptides, and assessed these using E0771- and 4T1-based breast cancer models in vivo. We employed peptides from the model antigen ovalbumin and from clinically relevant breast cancer antigens HER2 and NY-ESO-1. Results Glycolipid-peptide conjugate vaccines that activate NKT cells led to antigen-presenting cell activation, induced inflammatory cytokines, and, compared with peptide alone or admixed peptide and α-galactosylceramide, specifically enhanced CD8+ T-cell responses against tumor-associated peptides. Primary tumor growth was delayed by vaccination in all tumor models. Using 4T1-based cell lines expressing HER2 or NY-ESO-1, a single administration of the relevant conjugate vaccine prevented tumor colonisation of the lung following intravenous inoculation of tumor cells or spontaneous metastasis from breast, respectively. Conclusion Glycolipid-peptide conjugate vaccines that activate NKT cells prevent lung metastasis in breast cancer models and warrant investigation as adjuvant therapies for high-risk breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine University of Otago Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Kathryn Farrand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand
| | - Tara Pritchard
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand
| | - Sarah Draper
- Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Ching-Wen Tang
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand
| | - Anna H Mooney
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand
| | | | - Sung H Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre Auckland New Zealand
| | - Matheswaran Kandasamy
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Kate Clarke
- Wellington Blood & Cancer Centre Capital & Coast District Health Board Wellington New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre Auckland New Zealand
| | - Robert Weinkove
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine University of Otago Wellington Wellington New Zealand.,Wellington Blood & Cancer Centre Capital & Coast District Health Board Wellington New Zealand
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27
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Tracking fluorescently labeled IL-15 and anti-PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment and draining lymph nodes. J Immunol Methods 2022; 505:113253. [PMID: 35358495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has become vital in discovering new targets for effective immunotherapies and enhancing current treatments. However, localization and distribution of immune cells and treatment biomolecules are poorly characterized to date. In this study, a murine Luminal B mammary adenocarcinoma model received a combinatorial treatment of fluorescently labeled anti-PD-1-Cy3 and IL-15 complex-Cy5 injected interperitoneally and intratumorally, respectively. Fluorescent labeling allowed for the visualization of the distribution of IL-15 complexes and anti-PD-1, as well as their localization to immune cells in the TME and tumor-draining lymph node. Using fluorescent microscopy and light sheet microscopy of whole-clarified tumors and draining lymph nodes, the localization of IL-15 complexes was found to be distributed around the periphery of the tumor at 4 h post injection and medially located at the center of the tumor at 24 h post injection, corresponding with high densities of CD8 cells in the tumor present at 48 h and 72 h post injection. Anti-PD-1 was distributed around the perimeter of the tumor and colocalized to IL-15 in the draining lymph nodes 24 h post injection. Colocalization of IL-15 was also established with NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and macrophages. This study develops a novel method to spatiotemporally track fluorescently labeled immunotherapeutic biomolecules in vivo, with implications for optimizing and further understanding the pharmacokinetics of clinical immunotherapies.
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28
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Vergato C, Doshi KA, Roblyer D, Waxman DJ. Type-I interferon signaling is essential for robust metronomic chemo-immunogenic tumor regression in murine breast cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:246-257. [PMID: 36187936 PMCID: PMC9524291 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with breast cancer have a poor prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Here, we investigated the potential of chemo-immunogenic therapy as an avenue of treatment. We utilized two syngeneic mouse mammary tumor models, 4T1 and E0771, to examine the chemo-immunogenic potential of cyclophosphamide and the mechanistic contributions of cyclophosphamide-activated type-I interferon (IFN) signaling to therapeutic activity. Chemically-activated cyclophosphamide induced robust IFNα/β receptor-1-dependent signaling linked to hundreds of IFN-stimulated gene responses in both cell lines. Further, in 4T1 tumors, cyclophosphamide given on a medium-dose, 6-day intermittent metronomic schedule induced strong IFN signaling but comparatively weak immune cell infiltration associated with long-term tumor growth stasis. Induction of IFN signaling was somewhat weaker in E0771 tumors but was followed by widespread downstream gene responses, robust immune cell infiltration and extensive, prolonged tumor regression. The immune dependence of these effective anti-tumor responses was established by CD8 T-cell immunodepletion, which blocked cyclophosphamide-induced E0771 tumor regression and led to tumor stasis followed by regrowth. Strikingly, IFNα/β receptor-1 antibody blockade was even more effective in preventing E0771 immune cell infiltration and blocked the major tumor regression induced by cyclophosphamide treatment. Type-I IFN signaling is thus essential for the robust chemo-immunogenic response of these tumors to cyclophosphamide administered on a metronomic schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Vergato
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kshama A. Doshi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J. Waxman
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding Author: David J. Waxman, Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215. Phone: 617-353-7401; E-mail:
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29
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Adipose Tissue-Breast Cancer Crosstalk Leads to Increased Tumor Lipogenesis Associated with Enhanced Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111881. [PMID: 34769312 PMCID: PMC8585035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify therapeutic targets for breast cancer by investigating the metabolic symbiosis between breast cancer and adipose tissue. To this end, we compared orthotopic E0771 breast cancer tumors that were in direct contact with adipose tissue with ectopic E0771 tumors in mice. Orthotopic tumors grew faster and displayed increased de novo lipogenesis compared to ectopic tumors. Adipocytes release large amounts of lactate, and we found that both lactate pretreatment and adipose tissue co-culture augmented de novo lipogenesis in E0771 cells. Continuous treatment with the selective FASN inhibitor Fasnall dose-dependently decreased the E0771 viability in vitro. However, daily Fasnall injections were effective only in 50% of the tumors, while the other 50% displayed accelerated growth. These opposing effects of Fasnall in vivo was recapitulated in vitro; intermittent Fasnall treatment increased the E0771 viability at lower concentrations and suppressed the viability at higher concentrations. In conclusion, our data suggest that adipose tissue enhances tumor growth by stimulating lipogenesis. However, targeting lipogenesis alone can be deleterious. To circumvent the tumor's ability to adapt to treatment, we therefore believe that it is necessary to apply an aggressive treatment, preferably targeting several metabolic pathways simultaneously, together with conventional therapy.
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30
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Huang W, Liu Y, Luz A, Berrong M, Meyer JN, Zou Y, Swann E, Sundaramoorthy P, Kang Y, Jauhari S, Lento W, Chao N, Racioppi L. Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase 2 Regulates the Expansion of Tumor-Induced Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754083. [PMID: 34712241 PMCID: PMC8546266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a hetero geneous group of cells, which can suppress the immune response, promote tumor progression and impair the efficacy of immunotherapies. Consequently, the pharmacological targeting of MDSC is emerging as a new immunotherapeutic strategy to stimulate the natural anti-tumor immune response and potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapies. Herein, we leveraged genetically modified models and a small molecule inhibitor to validate Calcium-Calmodulin Kinase Kinase 2 (CaMKK2) as a druggable target to control MDSC accumulation in tumor-bearing mice. The results indicated that deletion of CaMKK2 in the host attenuated the growth of engrafted tumor cells, and this phenomenon was associated with increased antitumor T cell response and decreased accumulation of MDSC. The adoptive transfer of MDSC was sufficient to restore the ability of the tumor to grow in Camkk2-/- mice, confirming the key role of MDSC in the mechanism of tumor rejection. In vitro studies indicated that blocking of CaMKK2 is sufficient to impair the yield of MDSC. Surprisingly, MDSC generated from Camkk2-/- bone marrow cells also showed a higher ability to terminally differentiate toward more immunogenic cell types (e.g inflammatory macrophages and dendritic cells) compared to wild type (WT). Higher intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in Camkk2-/- MDSC, increasing their susceptibility to apoptosis and promoting their terminal differentiation toward more mature myeloid cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a known CaMKK2 proximal target controlling the oxidative stress response, fine-tunes ROS accumulation in MDSC. Accordingly, failure to activate the CaMKK2-AMPK axis can account for the elevated ROS levels in Camkk2-/- MDSC. These results highlight CaMKK2 as an important regulator of the MDSC lifecycle, identifying this kinase as a new druggable target to restrain MDSC expansion and enhance the efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yaping Liu
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Anthony Luz
- Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mark Berrong
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yujing Zou
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Excel Swann
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Pasupathi Sundaramoorthy
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shekeab Jauhari
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William Lento
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nelson Chao
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Luigi Racioppi
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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31
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Zunica ERM, Axelrod CL, Cho E, Spielmann G, Davuluri G, Alexopoulos SJ, Beretta M, Hoehn KL, Dantas WS, Stadler K, King WT, Pergola K, Irving BA, Langohr IM, Yang S, Hoppel CL, Gilmore LA, Kirwan JP. Breast cancer growth and proliferation is suppressed by the mitochondrial targeted furazano[3,4-b]pyrazine BAM15. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:36. [PMID: 34627389 PMCID: PMC8502397 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced metabolic plasticity and diversification of energy production is a hallmark of highly proliferative breast cancers. This contributes to poor pharmacotherapy efficacy, recurrence, and metastases. We have previously identified a mitochondrial-targeted furazano[3,4-b]pyrazine named BAM15 that selectively reduces bioenergetic coupling efficiency and is orally available. Here, we evaluated the antineoplastic properties of uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production in breast cancer using BAM15. METHODS The anticancer effects of BAM15 were evaluated in human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and murine luminal B, ERα-negative EO771 cells as well as in an orthotopic allograft model of highly proliferative mammary cancer in mice fed a standard or high fat diet (HFD). Untargeted transcriptomic profiling of MDA-MB-231 cells was conducted after 16-h exposure to BAM15. Additionally, oxidative phosphorylation and electron transfer capacity was determined in permeabilized cells and excised tumor homogenates after treatment with BAM15. RESULTS BAM15 increased proton leak and over time, diminished cell proliferation, migration, and ATP production in both MDA-MB-231 and EO771 cells. Additionally, BAM15 decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, while inducing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species accumulation in MDA-MB-231 and EO771 cells. Untargeted transcriptomic profiling of MDA-MB-231 cells further revealed inhibition of signatures associated with cell survival and energy production by BAM15. In lean mice, BAM15 lowered body weight independent of food intake and slowed tumor progression compared to vehicle-treated controls. In HFD mice, BAM15 reduced tumor growth relative to vehicle and calorie-restricted weight-matched controls mediated in part by impaired cell proliferation, mitochondrial respiratory function, and ATP production. LC-MS/MS profiling of plasma and tissues from BAM15-treated animals revealed distribution of BAM15 in adipose, liver, and tumor tissue with low abundance in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data indicate that mitochondrial uncoupling may be an effective strategy to limit proliferation of aggressive forms of breast cancer. More broadly, these findings highlight the metabolic vulnerabilities of highly proliferative breast cancers which may be leveraged in overcoming poor responsiveness to existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R M Zunica
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA.,Clinical Oncology and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,Department of Translational Services, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Eunhan Cho
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Gangarao Davuluri
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Wagner S Dantas
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Disease, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - William T King
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,Department of Translational Services, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Kathryn Pergola
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,Department of Translational Services, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Brian A Irving
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Shengping Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
| | - L Anne Gilmore
- Clinical Oncology and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA. .,Department of Translational Services, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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32
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Clarke R, Jones BC, Sevigny CM, Hilakivi-Clarke LA, Sengupta S. Experimental models of endocrine responsive breast cancer: strengths, limitations, and use. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:762-783. [PMID: 34532657 PMCID: PMC8442978 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancers characterized by expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER; ESR1) represent approximately 70% of all new cases and comprise the largest molecular subtype of this disease. Despite this high prevalence, the number of adequate experimental models of ER+ breast cancer is relatively limited. Nonetheless, these models have proved very useful in advancing understanding of how cells respond to and resist endocrine therapies, and how the ER acts as a transcription factor to regulate cell fate signaling. We discuss the primary experimental models of ER+ breast cancer including 2D and 3D cultures of established cell lines, cell line- and patient-derived xenografts, and chemically induced rodent models, with a consideration of their respective general strengths and limitations. What can and cannot be learned easily from these models is also discussed, and some observations on how these models may be used more effectively are provided. Overall, despite their limitations, the panel of models currently available has enabled major advances in the field, and these models remain central to the ability to study mechanisms of therapy action and resistance and for hypothesis testing that would otherwise be intractable or unethical in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Clarke
- The Hormel Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Brandon C Jones
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Catherine M Sevigny
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Leena A Hilakivi-Clarke
- The Hormel Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Surojeet Sengupta
- The Hormel Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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A compendium of kinetic modulatory profiles identifies ferroptosis regulators. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:665-674. [PMID: 33686292 PMCID: PMC8159879 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell death can be executed by regulated apoptotic and nonapoptotic pathways, including the iron-dependent process of ferroptosis. Small molecules are essential tools for studying the regulation of cell death. Using time-lapse imaging and a library of 1,833 bioactive compounds, we assembled a large compendium of kinetic cell death modulatory profiles for inducers of apoptosis and ferroptosis. From this dataset we identify dozens of ferroptosis suppressors, including numerous compounds that appear to act via cryptic off-target antioxidant or iron chelating activities. We show that the FDA-approved drug bazedoxifene acts as a potent radical trapping antioxidant inhibitor of ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. ATP-competitive mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, by contrast, are on-target ferroptosis inhibitors. Further investigation revealed both mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent mechanisms that link amino acid metabolism to ferroptosis sensitivity. These results highlight kinetic modulatory profiling as a useful tool to investigate cell death regulation.
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34
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Bushnell GG, Deshmukh AP, den Hollander P, Luo M, Soundararajan R, Jia D, Levine H, Mani SA, Wicha MS. Breast cancer dormancy: need for clinically relevant models to address current gaps in knowledge. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:66. [PMID: 34050189 PMCID: PMC8163741 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the USA. Although advances in treatment over the past several decades have significantly improved the outlook for this disease, most women who are diagnosed with estrogen receptor positive disease remain at risk of metastatic relapse for the remainder of their life. The cellular source of late relapse in these patients is thought to be disseminated tumor cells that reactivate after a long period of dormancy. The biology of these dormant cells and their natural history over a patient's lifetime is largely unclear. We posit that research on tumor dormancy has been significantly limited by the lack of clinically relevant models. This review will discuss existing dormancy models, gaps in biological understanding, and propose criteria for future models to enhance their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace G Bushnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abhijeet P Deshmukh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dongya Jia
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics and Departments of Physics and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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35
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Reduced Lamin A/C Does Not Facilitate Cancer Cell Transendothelial Migration but Compromises Lung Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102383. [PMID: 34069191 PMCID: PMC8157058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the nuclear lamina of tumor cells influences tumor growth and migration are highly disputed. Lamin A and its variant lamin C are key lamina proteins that control nucleus stiffness and chromatin conformation. Downregulation of lamin A/C in two prototypic metastatic lines, B16F10 melanoma and E0771 breast carcinoma, facilitated cell squeezing through rigid pores, and reduced heterochromatin content. Surprisingly, both lamin A/C knockdown cells grew poorly in 3D spheroids within soft agar, and lamin A/C deficient cells derived from spheroids transcribed lower levels of the growth regulator Yap1. Unexpectedly, the transendothelial migration of both cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, through lung capillaries, was not elevated by lamin A/C knockdown and their metastasis in lungs was even dramatically reduced. Our results are the first indication that reduced lamin A/C content in distinct types of highly metastatic cancer cells does not elevate their transendothelial migration (TEM) capacity and diapedesis through lung vessels but can compromise lung metastasis at a post extravasation level.
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