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Wang S, Qi X, Liu D, Xie D, Jiang B, Wang J, Wang X, Wu G. The implications for urological malignancies of non-coding RNAs in the the tumor microenvironment. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:491-505. [PMID: 38249783 PMCID: PMC10796827 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Urological malignancies are a major global health issue because of their complexity and the wide range of ways they affect patients. There's a growing need for in-depth research into these cancers, especially at the molecular level. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) – these don't code for proteins but are crucial in controlling genes – and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is no longer seen as just a background factor but as an active player in cancer progression. Understanding how ncRNAs and the TME interact is key for finding new ways to diagnose and predict outcomes in urological cancers, and for developing new treatments. This article reviews the basic features of ncRNAs and goes into detail about their various roles in the TME, focusing specifically on how different ncRNAs function and act in urological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochen Qi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Dequan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Deqian Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
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2
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Abida, Eltaib L, Alhazmi BH, Alzahrani AR, Asdaq SMB, Ali A, Aldhafiri FJ, Alruwaili WT, Al-Hajeili M, Abdulkhaliq AA, Rabaan AA, Imran M. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR: A biomarker and therapeutic target in urological tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155549. [PMID: 39173467 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) significantly influence gene regulation across epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels through their interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins. There is growing evidence of lncRNAs' critical roles in the emergence and progression of various diseases, including urological tumors (UTs), such as cancers of the kidney, bladder, and prostate. Research increasingly links lncRNA dysregulation to diverse cellular processes like invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and chromatin remodeling. Among these, HOTAIR stands out for its pivotal role in oncogenesis, impacting treatment resistance, cell migration, proliferation, survival, and genomic integrity. This review provides an overview of HOTAIR's functions, its identification, and its biological significance. Furthermore, it delves into HOTAIR's involvement in UTs, underlining its potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker for innovative approaches to treating these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Eltaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bshayer Hmdan Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmacy, Northern Area Armed Forces Hospital, Hafer Al-batin 39745, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wafaa T Alruwaili
- College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Al-Hajeili
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23624, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf A Abdulkhaliq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Li Z, Wang D, Zhu X. Roles of LncRNA ARSR in tumor proliferation, drug resistance, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03700-4. [PMID: 39251493 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious diseases that threaten human life and health. Among all kinds of diseases, the mortality rate of malignant tumors is the second highest, second only to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Cancer treatment typically involves imaging, surgery, and pathological analysis. When patients are identified as carcinoma by the above means, there are often problems of distant metastasis, delayed treatment, and drug tolerance, indicating that patients have some poor prognosis and overall survival. Hence, the development of novel molecular biomarkers is of great clinical importance. In recent years, as an important mediator of material and information exchange between cells in the tumor microenvironment, lncRNA have attracted widespread attention for their roles in tumor development. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the up-to-date knowledge of lncARSR on diverse cancer types which mainly focuses on tumor proliferation, drug tolerance, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism, highlighting the potential of lncARSR as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and even a therapeutic target. In our final analysis, we provide a synthesized overview of the directions for future inquiry into lncARSR, and we are eager to witness the advancement of research that will elucidate the multifaceted nature of this lncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.
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4
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Tan RZ, Jia J, Li T, Wang L, Kantawong F. A systematic review of epigenetic interplay in kidney diseases: Crosstalk between long noncoding RNAs and methylation, acetylation of chromatin and histone. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116922. [PMID: 38870627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate crosstalk between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and epigenetic modifications such as chromatin/histone methylation and acetylation offer new perspectives on the pathogenesis and treatment of kidney diseases. lncRNAs, a class of transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with no protein-coding potential, are now recognized as key regulatory molecules influencing gene expression through diverse mechanisms. They modulate the epigenetic modifications by recruiting or blocking enzymes responsible for adding or removing methyl or acetyl groups, such as DNA, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and histone methylation and acetylation, subsequently altering chromatin structure and accessibility. In kidney diseases such as acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic nephropathy (DN), glomerulonephritis (GN), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), aberrant patterns of DNA/RNA/histone methylation and acetylation have been associated with disease onset and progression, revealing a complex interplay with lncRNA dynamics. Recent studies have highlighted how lncRNAs can impact renal pathology by affecting the expression and function of key genes involved in cell cycle control, fibrosis, and inflammatory responses. This review will separately address the roles of lncRNAs and epigenetic modifications in renal diseases, with a particular emphasis on elucidating the bidirectional regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in conjunction with DNA/RNA/histone methylation and acetylation, in addition to the potential exacerbating or renoprotective effects in renal pathologies. Understanding the reciprocal relationships between lncRNAs and epigenetic modifications will not only shed light on the molecular underpinnings of renal pathologies but also present new avenues for therapeutic interventions and biomarker development, advancing precision medicine in nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhi Tan
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jian Jia
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Tong Li
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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5
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Li H, Fei M, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Feng R, Cao J, Qu Y, Xiao H. Identify CTBP1-DT as an immunological biomarker that promotes lipid synthesis and apoptosis resistance in KIRC. Gene 2024; 914:148403. [PMID: 38521112 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Recently, mounting evidence has highlighted the essential function of the C-terminal binding protein-1 divergent transcript (CTBP1-DT) in malignancies. However, its role in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains largely unknown. Our study aimed to identify the potential function of CTBP1-DT in KIRC. RT-qPCR, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox regression analysis, and nomogram analysis were utilized to determine the expression and effects of CTBP1-DT on survival. The subcellular localization of CTBP1-DT was determined using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To investigate the functions of CTBP1-DT in regulating KIRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, lipid synthesis, and apoptosis, we conducted CCK8, EdU, Transwell, and Oil Red O staining and cell apoptosis staining assays. The relationships between CTBP1-DT and the tumor microenvironment were investigated with multiple bioinformatics analysis algorithms and databases, including CYBERSORT, TIMER2, Spearman correlation test, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immunophenoscore (IPS). According to our results, CTBP1-DT is a lncRNA located in the nucleus that is significantly upregulated in KIRC and is correlated with better clinical outcomes. Downregulating CTBP1-DT inhibited cell viability, migration, invasion, and lipid synthesis but triggered cell apoptosis. Additionally, we explored the potential effect of CTBP1-DT in regulating immune cell infiltration in KIRC and other malignancies. Furthermore, CTBP1-DT could be used to predict the effectiveness of targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In conclusion, we identified CTBP1-DT as a potential immunological biomarker and discovered the potential role of CTBP1-DT in regulating lipid synthesis and apoptosis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mintian Fei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qili Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Haibing Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Tian P, Wei J, Li J, Ren J, He C. An oncogenic role of lncRNA SNHG1 promotes ATG7 expression and autophagy involving tumor progression and sunitinib resistance of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:273. [PMID: 38851811 PMCID: PMC11162435 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence in adult kidney. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been recognized as important regulators in the development of RCC. However, whether lncRNA SNHG1 is associated with RCC progression remains to be elucidated. Here, the role of SNHG1 in RCC autophagy and sunitinib resistance was evaluated. Expression of SNHG1 in RCC tissues and cells was assessed using RT-qPCR. Western blot was utilized to measure the levels of autophagy-related molecules and ATG7. RNA pull-down and RIP assays were performed to confirm the molecular axis between SNHG1/PTBP1/ATG7. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were analyzed by CCK-8, EdU, transwell and flow cytometry, respectively. The subcellular localization of SNHG1 was determined by an intracellular fractionation assay. The fluorescence intensity of GFP-LC3 autophagosome in RCC cells was detected. IHC staining was performed to test ATG7 expression in tumor tissues from nude mice. Here, a positive correlation of upregulated SNHG1 with poor prognosis of RCC patients was observed in RCC tissues and cells. SNHG1 knockdown suppressed tumor growth and reversed sunitinib resistance and autophagy of RCC cells. Additionally, SNHG1 was found to directly bind to PTBP1, thereby positively regulating ATG7 expression. Furthermore, we verified that SNHG1 mediated the malignant behavior of RCC cells through the PTBP1/ATG7 axis. To sum up, SNHG1 regulates RCC cell autophagy and sunitinib resistance through the PTBP1/ATG7 axis, which highlights a promising therapeutic target for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Tian
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jinxing Wei
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Junkai Ren
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chaohong He
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan Province, PR China.
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7
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Cantile M, Belli V, Scognamiglio G, Martorana A, De Pietro G, Tracey M, Budillon A. The role of HOTAIR in the modulation of resistance to anticancer therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1414651. [PMID: 38887279 PMCID: PMC11181001 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1414651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Leading anti-tumour therapeutic strategies typically involve surgery and radiotherapy for locally advanced (non-metastatic) cancers, while hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy are the current treatment options for metastatic cancer. Despite the initially high sensitivity rate to anticancer therapies, a large number of patients develop resistance, leading to a poor prognosis. The mechanisms related to drug resistance are highly complex, and long non-coding RNAs appear to play a crucial role in these processes. Among these, the lncRNA homeobox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), widely implicated in cancer initiation and progression, likewise plays a significant role in anticancer drug resistance. It can modulate cell activities such as proliferation, apoptosis, hypoxia, autophagy, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thereby contributing to the development of resistant tumour cells. In this manuscript, we describe different mechanisms of antitumor drug resistance in which HOTAIR is involved and suggest its potential as a therapeutic predictive biomarker for the management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cantile
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Belli
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Martorana
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Pietro
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Maura Tracey
- Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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Hakami MA, Hazazi A, Abdulaziz O, Almasoudi HH, Alhazmi AYM, Alkhalil SS, Alharthi NS, Alhuthali HM, Almalki WH, Gupta G, Khan FR. HOTAIR: A key regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in cancer progression and treatment. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154957. [PMID: 38000201 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR occupies a central position in the complex domain of cancer biology, particularly concerning its intricate interplay with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted interactions between HOTAIR and the Wnt/β-catenin cascade, elucidating their profound function in cancer growth, progression, and therapeutic strategies. The study commences by underscoring the pivotal role of the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in governing essential cellular activities, emphasizing its dysregulation as a linchpin in cancer initiation and advancement. It introduces HOTAIR as a crucial regulatory entity, influencing gene expression in both healthy and diseased. The core of this review plunges into the intricacies of HOTAIR's engagement with Wnt/β-catenin signaling. It unravels how HOTAIR, through epigenetic modifications and transcriptional control, exerts its influence over key pathway constituents, including β-catenin, Wnt ligands, and target genes. This influence drives unchecked cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the review underscores the clinical significance of the HOTAIR-Wnt/β-catenin interplay, elucidating its associations with diverse cancer subtypes, patient prognoses, and prospects as a therapy. It provides insights into ongoing research endeavors to develop HOTAIR-targeted treatments and initiatives to facilitate aberrant Wnt/β-catenin activation. Concluding on a forward-looking note, the article accentuates the broader implications of HOTAIR's involvement in cancer biology, including its contributions to therapy resistance and metastatic dissemination. It underscores the importance of delving deeper into these intricate molecular relationships to pave the way for groundbreaking cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulaziz
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Hussain Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Samia S Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed S Alharthi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences. College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudia Arabia
| | - Hayaa M Alhuthali
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhang Y, Tang J, Wang C, Zhang Q, Zeng A, Song L. Autophagy-related lncRNAs in tumor progression and drug resistance: A double-edged sword. Genes Dis 2024; 11:367-381. [PMID: 37588204 PMCID: PMC10425854 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of cancer are increasing every year worldwide but the survival rate of cancer patients is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor development and drug resistance to improve cancer cure or survival rates. In recent years, autophagy has become a hot topic in the field of oncology research, which plays a double-edged role in tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance. Meanwhile, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has also been shown to regulate autophagy, and the two-sided nature of autophagy determines the dual regulatory role of autophagy-related lncRNAs (ARlncRNAs). Therefore, ARlncRNAs can be effective therapeutic targets for various cancers. Furthermore, the high abundance and stability of ARlncRNAs in tumor tissues make them promising biomarkers. In this review, we summarized the roles and mechanisms of ARlncRNAs in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, drug resistance, angiogenesis, radiation resistance, and immune regulation. In addition, we described the clinical significance of these ARlncRNAs, including as biomarkers/therapeutic targets and their association with clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Jiayu Tang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Clinical Application, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
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10
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Saadh MJ, Almoyad MAA, Arellano MTC, Maaliw RR, Castillo-Acobo RY, Jalal SS, Gandla K, Obaid M, Abdulwahed AJ, Ibrahem AA, Sârbu I, Juyal A, Lakshmaiya N, Akhavan-Sigari R. Long non-coding RNAs: controversial roles in drug resistance of solid tumors mediated by autophagy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:439-453. [PMID: 37768333 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Current genome-wide studies have indicated that a great number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed from the human genome and appeared as crucial regulators in a variety of cellular processes. Many studies have displayed a significant function of lncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy. Autophagy is a macromolecular procedure in cells in which intracellular substrates and damaged organelles are broken down and recycled to relieve cell stress resulting from nutritional deprivation, irradiation, hypoxia, and cytotoxic agents. Autophagy can be a double-edged sword and play either a protective or a damaging role in cells depending on its activation status and other cellular situations, and its dysregulation is related to tumorigenesis in various solid tumors. Autophagy induced by various therapies has been shown as a unique mechanism of resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Growing evidence is showing the important role of lncRNAs in modulating drug resistance via the regulation of autophagy in a variety of cancers. The role of lncRNAs in drug resistance of cancers is controversial; they may promote or suppress drug resistance via either activation or inhibition of autophagy. Mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate autophagy to affect drug resistance are different, mainly mediated by the negative regulation of micro RNAs. In this review, we summarize recent studies that investigated the role of lncRNAs/autophagy axis in drug resistance of different types of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
| | | | | | - Renato R Maaliw
- College of Engineering, Southern Luzon State University, Lucban, Quezon, Philippines
| | | | - Sarah Salah Jalal
- College of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Kumaraswamy Gandla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Chaitanya, Hanamkonda, India
| | | | | | - Azher A Ibrahem
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115, Iași, Romania.
| | - Ashima Juyal
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Natrayan Lakshmaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Wang Y, Liu X, Gong L, Ding W, Hao W, Peng Y, Zhang J, Cai W, Gao Y. Mechanisms of sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma and associated opportunities for therapeutics. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2937-2955. [PMID: 37740648 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib is the first-line drug for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment. However, patients who received sunitinib treatment will ultimately develop drug resistance after 6-15 months, creating a huge obstacle to the current treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the mechanisms of sunitinib resistance and develop new strategies to overcome it. In this review, the mechanisms of sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma have been summarized based on five topics: activation of bypass or alternative pathway, inadequate drug accumulation, tumour microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, present and potential biomarkers, as well as potential treatment strategies for overcoming sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Ye J, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Wang L, Jiang X, Liu B, He G. Targeting autophagy and beyond: Deconvoluting the complexity of Beclin-1 from biological function to cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4688-4714. [PMID: 38045051 PMCID: PMC10692397 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Beclin-1 is the firstly-identified mammalian protein of the autophagy machinery, which functions as a molecular scaffold for the assembly of PI3KC3 (class III phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase) complex, thus controlling autophagy induction and other cellular trafficking events. Notably, there is mounting evidence establishing the implications of Beclin-1 in diverse tumorigenesis processes, including tumor suppression and progression as well as resistance to cancer therapeutics and CSC (cancer stem-like cell) maintenance. More importantly, Beclin-1 has been confirmed as a potential target for the treatment of multiple cancers. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of the structure, functions, and regulations of Beclin-1, and we discuss recent advances in understanding the controversial roles of Beclin-1 in oncology. Moreover, we focus on summarizing the targeted Beclin-1-regulating strategies in cancer therapy, providing novel insights into a promising strategy for regulating Beclin-1 to improve cancer therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanghui Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, Chengdu 610041, China
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13
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Wang Y, Fu Y, Lu Y, Chen S, Zhang J, Liu B, Yuan Y. Unravelling the complexity of lncRNAs in autophagy to improve potential cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188932. [PMID: 37329993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is well-known as an internal catabolic process that is evolutionarily conserved and performs the key biological function in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is tightly controlled by several autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, which are closely associated with many types of human cancers. However, what has remained controversial is the janus roles of autophagy in cancer progression. Interestingly, the biological function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in autophagy has been gradually understood in different types of human cancers. More recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that several lncRNAs may regulate some ATG proteins and autophagy-related signaling pathways to either activate or inhibit the autophagic process in cancer. Thus, in this review, we summarize the latest advance in the knowledge of the complicated relationships between lncRNAs and autophagy in cancer. Also, the in-depth dissection of the lncRNAs-autophagy-cancers axis involved in this review would shed new light on discovery of more potential cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuqi Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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14
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Fang Y, Tang D, Luo Z. Non-coding RNAs in renal cell carcinoma: Implications for drug resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:115001. [PMID: 37315433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents a malignant tumor of the urinary system. Individuals with early-stage RCC could be cured by surgical treatment, but a considerable number of cases of advanced RCC progress to drug resistance. Recently, numerous reports have demonstrated that a variety of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) contribute to tumor occurrence and development. ncRNAs can act as oncogenic or tumor suppressor genes to regulate proliferation, migration, drug resistance and other processes in RCC cells through a variety of signaling pathways. Considering the lack of treatment options for advanced RCC after drug resistance, ncRNAs may be a good choice as biomarkers of drug resistance in RCC and targets to overcome drug resistance. In this review, we discussed the effects of ncRNAs on drug resistance in RCC and the great potential of ncRNAs as a biomarker of or a new therapeutic method in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Liu
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Hu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Urology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Dongshan Tang
- School of Resources & Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Zhigang Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.
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15
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Sun K, Chen L, Li Y, Huang B, Yan Q, Wu C, Lai Q, Fang Y, Cai J, Liu Y, Chen J, Wang X, Zhu Y, Dong S, Tan J, Li A, Liu S, Zhang Y. METTL14-dependent maturation of pri-miR-17 regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and induces chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:148. [PMID: 36810285 PMCID: PMC9944299 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
miR-17-5p has been found to be involved in the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC), and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most common RNA modification in eukaryotes. However, whether miR-17-5p contributes to chemotherapy sensitivity in CRC via m6A modification is unclear. In this study, we found that overexpression of miR-17-5p led to less apoptosis and lower drug sensitivity in vitro and in vivo under the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment, which indicated miR-17-5p led to 5-FU chemotherapy resistance. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that miR-17-5p-mediated chemoresistance was associated with mitochondrial homeostasis. miR-17-5p directly bound to the 3' untranslated region of Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), leading to decreased mitochondrial fusion and enhanced mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Meanwhile, methyltransferase-like protein 14 (METTL14) was downregulated in CRC, resulting in lower m6A level. Moreover, the low level of METTL14 promoted the expression of pri-miR-17 and miR-17-5p. Further experiments suggested that m6A mRNA methylation initiated by METTL14 inhibits pri-miR-17 mRNA decay via reducing the recognition of YTHDC2 to the "GGACC" binding site. The METTL14/miR-17-5p/MFN2 signaling axis may play a critical role in 5-FU chemoresistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyue Sun
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Huang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Yan
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changjie Wu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhua Lai
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqun Cai
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinke Wang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Dong
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyu Tan
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Zhang Q, Ren H, Ge L, Zhang W, Song F, Huang P. A review on the role of long non-coding RNA and microRNA network in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:16. [PMID: 36732762 PMCID: PMC9893571 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the second lethal urogenital malignancy with the increasing incidence and mortality in the world. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one major subtype of RCC, which accounts for about 70 to 80% of all RCC cases. Although many innovative therapeutic options have emerged during the last few decades, the efficacy of these treatments for ccRCC patients is very limited. To date, the prognosis of patients with advanced or metastatic ccRCC is still poor. The 5-year survival rate of these patients remains less than 10%, which mainly attributes to the complexity and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). It has been demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform an indispensable role in the initiation and progression of various tumors. They mostly function as sponges for microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate the expression of target genes, finally influence the growth, metastasis, apoptosis, drug resistance and TME of tumor cells. However, the role of lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis in the TME of ccRCC remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarized the biological function of lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis in the pathogenesis of ccRCC, then discussed how lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis regulate the TME, finally highlighted their potential application as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- grid.469325.f0000 0004 1761 325XDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China ,Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Ren
- grid.469325.f0000 0004 1761 325XDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China ,Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luqi Ge
- grid.469325.f0000 0004 1761 325XDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China ,Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- grid.469325.f0000 0004 1761 325XDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifeng Song
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China ,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China ,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Shenoy US, Adiga D, Gadicherla S, Kabekkodu SP, Hunter KD, Radhakrishnan R. HOX cluster-embedded lncRNAs and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188840. [PMID: 36403923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although there has been substantial improvement in the treatment modalities, cancer remains the major cause of fatality worldwide. Metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to oncological therapies are the leading causes of cancer mortality. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex biological process that allows cancer cells to undergo morphological transformation into a mesenchymal phenotype to acquire invasive potential. It encompasses reversible and dynamic ontogenesis by neoplastic cells during metastatic dissemination. Hence, understanding the molecular landscape of EMT is imperative to identify a reliable clinical biomarker to combat metastatic spread. Accumulating evidence reveals the role of HOX (homeobox) cluster-embedded long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in EMT and cancer metastasis. They play a crucial role in the induction of EMT, modulating diverse biological targets. The present review emphasizes the involvement of HOX cluster-embedded lncRNAs in EMT as a molecular sponge, chromatin remodeler, signaling regulator, and immune system modulator. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms behind therapy resistance and the potential use of novel drugs targeting HOX cluster-embedded lncRNAs in the clinical management of distant metastasis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Sangeetha Shenoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikanth Gadicherla
- Deparment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India; Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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18
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Ng MYW, Charsou C, Lapao A, Singh S, Trachsel-Moncho L, Schultz SW, Nakken S, Munson MJ, Simonsen A. The cholesterol transport protein GRAMD1C regulates autophagy initiation and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6283. [PMID: 36270994 PMCID: PMC9586981 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During autophagy, cytosolic cargo is sequestered into double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. The contributions of specific lipids, such as cholesterol, to the membranes that form the autophagosome, remain to be fully characterized. Here, we demonstrate that short term cholesterol depletion leads to a rapid induction of autophagy and a corresponding increase in autophagy initiation events. We further show that the ER-localized cholesterol transport protein GRAMD1C functions as a negative regulator of starvation-induced autophagy and that both its cholesterol transport VASt domain and membrane binding GRAM domain are required for GRAMD1C-mediated suppression of autophagy initiation. Similar to its yeast orthologue, GRAMD1C associates with mitochondria through its GRAM domain. Cells lacking GRAMD1C or its VASt domain show increased mitochondrial cholesterol levels and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting that GRAMD1C may facilitate cholesterol transfer at ER-mitochondria contact sites. Finally, we demonstrate that expression of GRAMD family proteins is linked to clear cell renal carcinoma survival, highlighting the pathophysiological relevance of cholesterol transport proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Yoke Wui Ng
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Chara Charsou
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Lapao
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sakshi Singh
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Trachsel-Moncho
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebastian W. Schultz
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve Nakken
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael J. Munson
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway ,grid.418151.80000 0001 1519 6403Present Address: Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Simonsen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway ,grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
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19
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Hashemi M, Mirzaei S, Barati M, Hejazi ES, Kakavand A, Entezari M, Salimimoghadam S, Kalbasi A, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Sethi G. Curcumin in the treatment of urological cancers: Therapeutic targets, challenges and prospects. Life Sci 2022; 309:120984. [PMID: 36150461 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Urological cancers include bladder, prostate and renal cancers that can cause death in males and females. Patients with urological cancers are mainly diagnosed at an advanced disease stage when they also develop resistance to therapy or poor response. The use of natural products in the treatment of urological cancers has shown a significant increase. Curcumin has been widely used in cancer treatment due to its ability to trigger cell death and suppress metastasis. The beneficial effects of curcumin in the treatment of urological cancers is the focus of current review. Curcumin can induce apoptosis in the three types of urological cancers limiting their proliferative potential. Furthermore, curcumin can suppress invasion of urological cancers through EMT inhibition. Notably, curcumin decreases the expression of MMPs, therefore interfering with urological cancer metastasis. When used in combination with chemotherapy agents, curcumin displays synergistic effects in suppressing cancer progression. It can also be used as a chemosensitizer. Based on pre-clinical studies, curcumin administration is beneficial in the treatment of urological cancers and future clinical applications might be considered upon solving problems related to the poor bioavailability of the compound. To improve the bioavailability of curcumin and increase its therapeutic index in urological cancer suppression, nanostructures have been developed to favor targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryamsadat Barati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic (Fundamental) Science, Shahr Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadat Hejazi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Kakavand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
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20
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Functions and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA HOTAIR in cancer chemotherapy resistance. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:383. [PMID: 36100611 PMCID: PMC9470550 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been one of the most important treatments for advanced cancer in recent decades. Although the sensitivity rate of initial chemotherapy is high, patients with chemotherapy resistant tumors, experience tumor recurrence. In recent years, many studies have shown that homeobox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is involved in many pathological processes including carcinogenesis. The abnormal regulation of a variety of cell functions by HOTAIR, such as apoptosis, the cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, autophagy, self-renewal, and metabolism, is associated with chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the biology and mechanism underlying the role of HOTAIR in tumor behavior and its potential as a biomarker for predicting the effect of chemotherapy. In this manuscript, we review the mechanisms underlying HOTAIR-related drug resistance and discuss the limitations of current knowledge and propose potential future directions.
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21
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Xie W, Chu M, Song G, Zuo Z, Han Z, Chen C, Li Y, Wang ZW. Emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs in chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 83:303-318. [PMID: 33207266 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in the world due to the lack of early symptoms, metastasis occurrence and chemoresistance. Therefore, early diagnosis by detection of biomarkers, blockade of metastasis, and overcoming chemoresistance are the effective strategies to improve the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Accumulating evidence has revealed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in modulating chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer. In this review article, we will summarize the role of lncRNAs in drug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells, including HOTTIP, HOTAIR, PVT1, linc-ROR, GAS5, UCA1, DYNC2H1-4, MEG3, TUG1, HOST2, HCP5, SLC7A11-AS1 and CASC2. We also highlight the function of circRNAs, such as circHIPK3 and circ_0000284, in regulation of drug sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, we describe a number of compounds, including curcumin, genistein, resveratrol, quercetin, and salinomycin, which may modulate the expression of lncRNAs and enhance chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancers. Therefore, targeting specific lncRNAs and cicrRNAs could contribute to reverse chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells. We hope this review might stimulate the studies of lncRNAs and cicrRNAs, and develop the new therapeutic strategy via modulating these noncoding RNAs to promote chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangkai Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Man Chu
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gendi Song
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyi Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Chenbin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yuyun Li
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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22
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The role of long non-coding RNAs in angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy resistance in cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:397-407. [PMID: 35505957 PMCID: PMC9038520 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of tumor genesis and development. They can modulate gene expression of transcriptional regulation, epigenetic regulation of chromatin modification, and post-transcriptional regulation, thus influencing the biological behavior of tumors, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, and migration. Tumor angiogenesis not only provides nutrients and helps excrete metabolites, but it also opens a pathway for tumor metastasis. Anti-angiogenic therapy has become one of the effective treatment methods for tumor. But its drug resistance leads to the limitation of clinical application. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs are closely related to tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy resistance, which provides a new direction for tumor research. lncRNAs are expected to be new targets for tumor therapy. For the first time to our knowledge, this paper reviews advancement of lncRNAs in tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy resistance and further discusses their potential clinical application.
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23
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Non-coding RNAs associated with autophagy and their regulatory role in cancer therapeutics. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7025-7037. [PMID: 35534587 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer widely affects the world's health population and ranks second leading cause of death globally. Because of poor prognosis of various types of cancer such as sarcoma, lymphoma, adenomas etc., their high recurrence and metastasis rate and low early diagnosis rate have become concern lately. Role of autophagy in cancer progression is being studied since long. Autophagy is cell's self-degradative mechanism towards stress and has role in degradation of the cytoplasmic macromolecules which has potential to damage other cytosolic molecules. Autophagy can promote as well as inhibit tumorigenesis depending upon the associated protein combinations in cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not code for protein but play essential role in modulation of gene expression. At transcriptional level, different ncRNAs like lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs directly or indirectly affect different stages of autophagy like autophagy-dependent and non-apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. This review focuses on the involvement of ncRNAs in autophagy and the modulation of several cancer signal transduction pathways in cancers such as lung, breast, prostate, pancreatic, thyroid, and kidney cancer.
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Chen G, Song H, Yang Z, Du T, Zheng Y, Lu Z, Zhang K, Wei D. AQP5 Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:890193. [PMID: 35619903 PMCID: PMC9128544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.890193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. The identification of effective molecular markers is of great significance for diagnosis and treatment. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water channel proteins that exhibit several properties and play regulatory roles in human carcinogenesis. However, the association between Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) expression and prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in PAAD has not been reported. Methods AQP5 mRNA expression, methylation, and protein expression data in PAAD were analyzed using GEPIA, UALCAN, HAP, METHSURV, and UCSC databases. AQP5 expression in PAAD patients and cell lines from our cohort was examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The LinkedOmics database was used to study signaling pathways related to AQP5 expression. TIMER and TISIDB were used to analyze correlations among AQP5, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and immunomodulators. Survival was analyzed using TCGA and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases. Results In this study, we investigated AQP5 expression in PAAD and determined whether the expression of AQP5 is a strong prognostic biomarker for PAAD. We searched and analyzed public cancer databases (GEO, TCGA, HAP, UALCAN, GEPIA, etc.) to conclude that AQP5 expression levels were upregulated in PAAD. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that high AQP5 expression positively correlated with poor prognosis. Using TIMER and TISIDB, we found that the expression of AQP5 was associated with different tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially macrophages. We found that hypomethylation of the AQP5 promoter region was responsible for its high expression in PAAD. Conclusions AQP5 can serve as a novel biomarker to predict prognosis and immune infiltration in PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haiyang Song
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Zelong Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianshu Du
- People’s Liberation Army (PLA) of Institute of Orthopedics Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Medical Innovation Center, Fourth Military Medical Univeristy, Xi’an, China
| | - Zifan Lu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Department of Catheterization Room, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Di Wei
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Non-coding RNA-mediated autophagy in cancer: A protumor or antitumor factor? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188642. [PMID: 34715268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, usually referred to as macroautophagy, is a cytoprotective behavior that helps cells, especially cancer cells, escape crises. However, the role of autophagy in cancer remains controversial. The induction of autophagy is favorable for tumor growth, as it can degrade damaged cell components accumulated during nutrient deficiency, chemotherapy, or other stresses in a timely manner. Whereas the antitumor effect of autophagy might be closely related to its crosstalk with metabolism, immunomodulation, and other pathways. Recent studies have verified that lncRNAs and circRNAs modulate autophagy in carcinogenesis, cancer cells proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemoresistance via multiple mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory relationships between ncRNAs and autophagy in cancer might resolve chemoresistance and also offer intervention strategies for cancer therapy. This review systematically displays the regulatory effects of lncRNAs and circRNAs on autophagy in the contexts of cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy and provides a novel insight into cancer therapy.
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ceRNAs in Cancer: Mechanism and Functions in a Comprehensive Regulatory Network. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:4279039. [PMID: 34659409 PMCID: PMC8516523 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4279039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs have been shown with powerful ability in post-transcriptional regulation, enabling intertwined RNA crosstalk and global molecular interaction in a large amount of dysfunctional conditions including cancer. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are those competitively binding with shared microRNAs (miRNAs), freeing their counterparts from miRNA-induced degradation, thus actively influencing and connecting with each other. Constantly updated analytical approaches boost outstanding advancement achieved in this burgeoning hotspot in multilayered intracellular communication, providing new insights into pathogenesis and clinical treatment. Here, we summarize the mechanisms and correlated factors under this RNA interplay and deregulated transcription profile in neoplasm and tumor progression, underscoring the great significance of ceRNAs for diagnostic values, monitoring biomarkers, and prognosis evaluation in cancer.
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Integrated mRNA and miRNA Transcriptomic Analyses Reveals Divergent Mechanisms of Sunitinib Resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174401. [PMID: 34503211 PMCID: PMC8430814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a frequent cancer that causes more than 100,000 deaths every year. Treatment with drugs that target enzymes that help tumours grow such as sunitinib have greatly improved the prospects for ccRCC patients, however a large proportion of patients become resistant. We created sunitinib resistant cell lines and identified consequent changes in gene (and miRNA) expression by microarray analyses. Using this approach, we identified different pathways of resistance suggesting that tumour cells have many ways to overcome sunitinib treatment. We were able to overcome resistance in cells by inhibiting a protein, PD-L1, that is targeted by many immunotherapeutics currently in use for ccRCC patients suggesting a combination of immunotherapy and sunitinib may benefit patients. In addition, we identified miRNAs that are common to multiple resistance mechanisms suggesting they may be useful targets for future studies. Abstract The anti-angiogenic therapy sunitinib remains the standard first-line treatment for meta static clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, acquired resistance develops in nearly all responsive patients and represents a major source of treatment failure. We used an integrated miRNA and mRNA transcriptomic approach to identify miRNA:target gene interactions involved in sunitinib resistance. Through the generation of stably resistant clones in three ccRCC cell lines (786-O, A498 and Caki-1), we identified non-overlapping miRNA:target gene networks, suggesting divergent mechanisms of sunitinib resistance. Surprisingly, even though the genes involved in these networks were different, they shared targeting by multiple members of the miR-17~92 cluster. In 786-O cells, targeted genes were related to hypoxia/angiogenic pathways, whereas, in Caki-1 cells, they were related to inflammatory/proliferation pathways. The immunotherapy target PD-L1 was consistently up-regulated in resistant cells, and we demonstrated that the silencing of this gene resulted in an increase in sensitivity to sunitinib treatment only in 786-O-resistant cells, suggesting that some ccRCC patients might benefit from combination therapy with PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. In summary, we demonstrate that, although there are clearly divergent mechanisms of sunitinib resistance in ccRCC subtypes, the commonality of miRNAs in multiple pathways could be targeted to overcome sunitinib resistance.
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Cui Y, Zhang S, Miao C, Liang C, Chen X, Yan T, Bu H, Dong H, Li J, Li J, Wang Z, Liu B. Identification of autophagy-related long non-coding RNA prognostic and immune signature for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3317-3331. [PMID: 34532256 PMCID: PMC8421821 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies over the past decade have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in the tumorigenesis and progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Meanwhile, autophagy has been demonstrated to regulate KIRC pathogenesis and targeting therapy resistance. However, the prognostic value of autophagy-related lncRNAs in KIRC patients has not been reported before. METHODS In this study, we obtained transcriptome data of 611 KIRC cases from the TCGA database and 258 autophagy-related mRNAs from the HADb database to identify autophagy-related lncRNAs by co-expression network. A prognostic model was then established basing on these autophagy-related lncRNAs, dividing patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Survival analysis, clinical variables dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, univariate/multivariate Cox analyses, and clinical correlation analysis were performed based on risk signature with R language. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was then performed to investigate the potential mechanism of the risk signature promoting KIRC progression with GSEA software. CIBERSORT algorithm was performed to assess the impact of these lncRNAs on the infiltration of immune cells. RESULTS A total of 17 lncRNAs were screened out and all these lncRNAs were found significantly related to KIRC patients' overall survival in subsequent survival analyses. Besides, the overall survival time in the high-risk group was much poorer than in the low-risk group. The ROC analysis revealed that the prognostic value of risk signature was better than age, gender, grade, and N stage. Univariate/multivariate analyses suggested that the risk signature was an independent predictive factor for KIRC patients. Immune and autophagy related pathways were dramatically enriched in high-risk and low-risk groups, respectively, and lncRNAs related immune cells were identified by CIBERSORT. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our identified 17 autophagy-related lncRNAs had prognostic value for KIRC patients which may function in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankang Cui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenkui Miao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengtao Bu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junchen Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bianjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xin X, Li Q, Fang J, Zhao T. LncRNA HOTAIR: A Potential Prognostic Factor and Therapeutic Target in Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679244. [PMID: 34367966 PMCID: PMC8340021 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators of gene expression and physiological processes. LncRNAs are a class of ncRNAs of 200 nucleotides in length. HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), a trans-acting lncRNA with regulatory function on transcription, can repress gene expression by recruiting chromatin modifiers. HOTAIR is an oncogenic lncRNA, and numerous studies have determined that HOTAIR is highly upregulated in a wide variety of human cancers. In this review, we briefly summarize the impact of lncRNA HOTAIR expression and functions on different human solid tumors, and emphasize the potential of HOTAIR on tumor prognosis and therapy. Here, we review the recent studies that highlight the prognostic potential of HOTAIR in drug resistance and survival, and the progress of therapies developed to target HOTAIR to date. Furthermore, targeting HOTAIR results in the suppression of HOTAIR expression or function. Thus, HOTAIR knockdown exhibits great therapeutic potential in various cancers, indicating that targeting lncRNA HOTAIR may serve as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. We also propose that preclinical studies involving HOTAIR are required to provide a better understanding of the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of its expression and function in different human cancers and to explore effective methods of targeting HOTAIR and engineering efficient and targeted drug delivery methods in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Xin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qianan Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jinyong Fang
- Department of Science and Education, Jinhua Guangfu Oncology Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Cao H, Tong H, Zhu J, Xie C, Qin Z, Li T, Liu X, He W. A Glycolysis-Based Long Non-coding RNA Signature Accurately Predicts Prognosis in Renal Carcinoma Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:638980. [PMID: 33868376 PMCID: PMC8047215 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.638980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) varies greatly among different risk groups, and the traditional indicators have limited effect in the identification of risk grade in patients with RCC. The purpose of our study is to explore a glycolysis-based long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) signature and verify its potential clinical significance in prognostic prediction of RCC patients. Methods In this study, RNA data and clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate cox regression displayed six significantly related lncRNAs (AC124854.1, AC078778.1, EMX2OS, DLGAP1-AS2, AC084876.1, and AC026401.3) which were utilized in construction of risk score by a formula. The accuracy of risk score was verified by a series of statistical methods such as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, nomogram and Kaplan-Meier curves. Its potential clinical significance was excavated by gene enrichment analysis. Results Kaplan-Meier curves and ROC curves showed reliability of the risk score to predict the prognosis of RCC patients. Stratification analysis indicated that the risk score was independent predictor compare to other traditional clinical parameters. The clinical nomogram showed highly rigorous with index of 0.73 and precisely predicted 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival time of RCC patients. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) depicted the top ten correlated pathways in both high-risk group and low-risk group. There are 6 lncRNAs and 25 related mRNAs including 36 lncRNA-mRNA links in lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Conclusion This research demonstrated that glycolysis-based lncRNAs possessed an important value in survival prediction of RCC patients, which would be a potential target for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Urology, Rongchang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Tong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlong Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenchen Xie
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zijia Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tinghao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyang He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Wei Y, Zhou K, Wang C, Du X, Xiao Q, Chen C. Adsorption of miR-218 by lncRNA HOTAIR regulates PDE7A and affects glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:2973-2983. [PMID: 33425098 PMCID: PMC7791379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of targeted adsorption of miR-218 by long-chain non-coding RNAHOTAIR to regulate PDE7A on glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. METHODS The expressions of lncRNA HOTAIR, miR-218, and PDE7A in glioma tissues and normal parcancer tissues, NHA and glioma cell lines were determined, and correlations among the three genes were analyzed. The subcellular localization of lncRNA HOTAIR was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the targeted relationship between lncRNA HOTAIR/miR-218/PDE7A. Glioma cells were grouped to receive intervention of lncRNA HOTAIR or miR-218. MTT, transwell, and flow cytometry were performed to determine the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of cells. RESULTS Compared with the normal tissues and cells, the expression of lncRNA HOTAIR was increased while miR-218 was suppressed in glioma tissues samples and cells (all P<0.05). Inhibition of lncRNA HOTAIR expression, was able to induce apoptosis and suppress the proliferation and invasion of cells (all P<0.05). LncRNA HOTAIR is mainly localized in the cytoplasm, and is able to adsorb miR-218 as ceRNA. The effect of knockdown of HOTAIR on glioma cells could be partially rescued by miR-218 inhibitor. The expression of PDE7A was enhanced in glioma tissues and cells compared to normal tissues and cells (all P<0.05), which positively correlated with the expression of HOTAIR (r=0.546, P<0.05) and negatively correlated with the expression of miR-218 (r=0.363, P<0.05). The targeted relationship between miR-218 and PDE7A was validated: Overexpression of miR-218 was able to suppress the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells and restrain apoptosis compared to the miR-NC group (all P<0.05). The effect of miR-218 on glioma cells could be partially rescued by PDE7A. CONCLUSION lncRNA HOTAIR can adsorb miR-218 to regulate expression of PDE7A and promote the malignant biologic behavior of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigong Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang (Jinyang Hospital) Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang (Jinyang Hospital) Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang (Jinyang Hospital) Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang (Jinyang Hospital) Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang (Jinyang Hospital) Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Changyi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang (Jinyang Hospital) Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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Competing endogenous RNAs and cancer: How coding and non-coding molecules cross-talk can impinge on disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 130:105874. [PMID: 33227395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancers are characterized by several dramatic biological changes. Among the many post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, microRNAs are known as fine-tune regulators for their transcript silencing ability. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are transcripts that share microRNA binding elements and can compete for them, thus regulating each other indirectly. ceRNA networks interconnect the regulatory control of different transcript classes of the coding and non-coding space and co-operate with other cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms. Altered ceRNA networks are involved in tumor formation and progression as well as in chemoresistance, in invasion and in the onset of metastases. The analysis of changes in the balance between ceRNA transcripts could offer hints to identify novel pathways for diagnosis, prognosis and therapies in precision medicine interventions. Moreover, the possibility to query highly specific tumor databases, such as TCGA, and to combine clinical data, transcript expression and sequence information is allowing to develop specific predictive tools for precision medicine.
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Zhang C, Huang C, Yang P, Li C, Li M. Eldecalcitol induces apoptosis and autophagy in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells by accumulating ROS to suppress the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109841. [PMID: 33217539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eldecalcitol (ED-71) is a new type of vitamin D analog, and vitamin D has been reported to have therapeutic effects in infectious disease, autoimmune disease, and cancer. However, the anti-cancer effect of ED-71 remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the anti-cancer effect of ED-71 in human osteosarcoma cells and to identify the related mechanism. The CCK8 assay results showed that ED-71 inhibited MG-63 cell viability in dose and time dependent manners. Cloning and Transwell invasion assays showed that ED-71 inhibited clonal and invasion ability of MG-63 cells. Flow cytometry results showed ED-71 the G2/M cycle arrest rate, apoptosis, and intracellular ROS. Western blot was used to detect cleaved-caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, LC3-II/LC3-I, and P62 levels and the mTOR pathway. The increase of LC3-II and P62 indicated that ED-71 induced the formation of autophagosomes and inhibited autophagy flux. Furthermore, ED-71-induced apoptosis was weakened after adding 3-methyladenine and ED-71-induced early autophagy was weakened by caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK), which indicated the two processes active each other in the presence of ED-71. Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment reversed the ED-71-treatment outcomes, including increased apoptosis and autophagy and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, our results reveal that ED-71 induced G2/M arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in MG-63 cells by accumulating ROS to suppress the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaotao Zhang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Congshan Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China.
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