Targeting androgen receptor signaling with MicroRNAs and Curcumin: a promising therapeutic approach for Prostate Cancer Prevention and intervention

Antiradical and Antioxidant Activity of Compounds Containing 1,3-Dicarbonyl Moiety: An Overview

Free radicals and oxidants may cause various damages both to the lifeworld and different products. A typical solution for the prophylaxis of oxidation-caused conditions is the usage of various antioxidants. Among them, various classes are found-polyphenols, conjugated polyalkenes, and some sulfur and nitrogen derivatives. Regarding the active site in the molecules, a widely discussed group of compounds are 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Among them are natural (e.g., curcumin and pulvinic acids) and synthetic (e.g., 4-hydroxy coumarins, substituted Meldrum's acids) compounds. Herein, information about various compounds containing the 1,3-dicarbonyl moiety is covered, and their antiradical and antioxidant activity, depending on the structure, is discussed.

A comprehensive analysis of ncRNA-mediated interactions reveals potential prognostic biomarkers in prostate adenocarcinoma

As one of common malignancies, prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) has been a growing health problem and a leading cause of cancer-related death. To obtain expression and functional relevant RNAs, we firstly screened candidate hub mRNAs and characterized their associations with cancer. Eight deregulated genes were identified and used to build a risk model (AUC was 0.972 at 10 years) that may be a specific biomarker for cancer prognosis. Then, relevant miRNAs and lncRNAs were screened, and the constructed primarily interaction networks showed the potential cross-talks among diverse RNAs. IsomiR landscapes were surveyed to understand the detailed isomiRs in relevant homologous miRNA loci, which largely enriched RNA interaction network due to diversities of sequence and expression. We finally characterized TK1, miR-222-3p and SNHG3 as crucial RNAs, and the abnormal expression patterns of them were correlated with poor survival outcomes. TK1 was found synthetic lethal interactions with other genes, implicating potential therapeutic target in precision medicine. LncRNA SNHG3 can sponge miR-222-3p to perturb RNA regulatory network and TK1 expression. These results demonstrate that TK1:miR-222-3p:SNHG3 axis may be a potential prognostic biomarker, which will contribute to further understanding cancer pathophysiology and providing potential therapeutic targets in precision medicine.

The Role of Androgen Receptor and microRNA Interactions in Androgen-Dependent Diseases

The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the steroid hormone receptor family of nuclear transcription factors. It is present in the primary/secondary sexual organs, kidneys, skeletal muscles, adrenal glands, skin, nervous system, and breast. Abnormal AR functioning has been identified in numerous diseases, specifically in prostate cancer (PCa). Interestingly, recent studies have indicated a relationship between the AR and microRNA (miRNA) crosstalk and cancer progression. MiRNAs are small, endogenous, non-coding molecules that are involved in crucial cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, or differentiation. On the one hand, AR may be responsible for the downregulation or upregulation of specific miRNA, while on the other hand, AR is often a target of miRNAs due to their regulatory function on AR gene expression. A deeper understanding of the AR–miRNA interactions may contribute to the development of better diagnostic tools as well as to providing new therapeutic approaches. While most studies usually focus on the role of miRNAs and AR in PCa, in this review, we go beyond PCa and provide insight into the most recent discoveries about the interplay between AR and miRNAs, as well as about other AR-associated and AR-independent diseases.