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Yao S, Liu X, Feng Y, Li Y, Xiao X, Han Y, Xia S. Unveiling the Role of HGF/c-Met Signaling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9101. [PMID: 39201787 PMCID: PMC11354629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by several molecular alterations that contribute to its development and progression. These alterations include the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET). Among these, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET signaling pathway plays a crucial role in NSCLC. In spite of this, the involvement of the HGF/c-MET signaling axis in remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains relatively unexplored. This review explores the biological functions of the HGF/c-MET signaling pathway in both normal and cancerous cells, examining its multifaceted roles in the NSCLC tumor microenvironment, including tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Furthermore, we summarize the current progress and clinical applications of MET-targeted therapies in NSCLC and discuss future research directions, such as the development of novel MET inhibitors and the potential of combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu Xia
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (S.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.L.); (X.X.); (Y.H.)
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Jiang Y, Xie J, Cheng Q, Cai Z, Xu K, Lu W, Wang F, Wu X, Song Y, Lv T, Zhan P. Comprehensive genomic and spatial immune infiltration analysis of survival outliers in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer receiving first-line chemoimmunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112901. [PMID: 39151386 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A minority of patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) exhibit prolonged survival following first-line chemoimmunotherapy, which warrants the use of reliable biomarkers. Here, we investigated the disparities in genomics and immune cell spatial distribution between long- and short-term survival of patients with ES-SCLC. METHODS We retrospectively recruited 11 long-term (>2 years) and 13 short-term (<9 months) ES-SCLC survivors receiving first-line chemoimmunotherapy. The samples were processed using targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), programmed death ligand-1 staining, multiplex immunohistochemical staining for immune cells (mIHC), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and chromosomal instability score measurements. The expression of putative genes in SCLC at the bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing levels, as well as the role of putative genes in pan-cancer immunotherapy cohorts, were analyzed. RESULTS At the genomic level, a greater proportion of the smoking signature and higher TMB (>3.1) were associated with favorable survival. At the single-gene and pathway levels, tNGS revealed that MCL1 and STMN1 amplification and alterations in the apoptosis pathway were more common in short-term survivors, whereas alterations in the DLL3, KMT2B, HGF, EPHA3, ADGRB3, lysine deprivation, and HGF-cMET pathways were observed more frequently in long-term survivors. mIHC analysis of immune cells with different spatial distributions revealed that long-term survivors presented increased numbers of M1-like macrophages in all locations and decreased numbers of CD8+ T cells in the tumor stroma. Bulk transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that high levels of STMN1 and DLL3 represented an immune-suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), whereas HGF indicated an immune-responsive TIME. The expression levels of our putative genes were comparative in both TP53/RB1 mutant-type and TP53/RB1 wild-type. At the single-cell level, STMN1, MCL1, and DLL3 were highly expressed among all molecular subtypes (SCLC-A, SCLC-N, and SCLC-P), with STMN1 being enriched in cell division and G2M checkpoint pathways. CONCLUSIONS For ES-SCLC patients receiving first-line chemoimmunotherapy, alterations in DLL3, KMT2B, HGF, EPHA3, and ADGRB3 and a greater proportion of M1-like macrophages infiltration in all locations were predictors of favorable survival, while MCL1 and STMN1 amplification, as well as a greater proportion of CD8+ T cells infiltrating the tumor stroma, predicted worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Jiang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jingyuan Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qinpei Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zijing Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical School, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Wanjun Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Fufeng Wang
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Song
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical School, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical School, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Ping Zhan
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical School, Nanjing 210002, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210002, China.
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Wang C, Lu X. Targeting MET: Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MET has been considered as a promising drug target for the treatment of MET-dependent diseases, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small molecule MET inhibitors with mainly three types of binding modes (Ia/Ib, II, and III) have been developed. In this Review, we provide an overview of the structural features, activation mechanism, and dysregulation pathway of MET and summarize progress on the development and discovery strategies utilized for MET inhibitors as well as mechanisms of acquired resistance to current approved inhibitors. The insights will accelerate discovery of new generation MET inhibitors to overcome clinical acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Machiraju D, Hassel JC. Targeting the cMET pathway to enhance immunotherapeutic approaches for mUM patients. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1068029. [PMID: 36761417 PMCID: PMC9902905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1068029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most preferential initial site of metastasis for uveal melanoma (mUM), and this preference is associated with rapid mortality in mUM patients. Despite the significant clinical benefits of Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic cutaneous melanoma patients, ICIs have shown little to no benefit in mUM patients. A potential reason for this inefficiency of ICI could be partly devoted to the involvement of the liver itself, thanks to its rich source of growth factors and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Uveal melanoma cells show increased expression of a transmembrane protein called cMET, which is known as the sole receptor for the Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Hyperactivation of cMET by HGF contributes to mUM development, and the liver, being the major source of HGF, may partially explain the metastasis of uveal melanoma cells to the liver. In addition, cMET/HGF signaling has also been shown to mediate resistance to ICI treatment, directly and indirectly, involving tumor and immune cell populations. Therefore, targeting the cMET/HGF interaction may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic regimes for mUM patients. Hence in this minireview, we will discuss the rationale for combining cMET inhibitors/antibodies with leading immune checkpoint inhibitors for treating mUM. We will also briefly highlight the challenges and opportunities in targeting cMET in mUM.
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Ke Z, Pei T, Yang Z, Zhang X, Xu F, Xu Z, Ding J. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of N, N’-bis([1,2,4]triazole[4,3- b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine-6-yl)alkylamine derivatives as potent c-Met antagonists. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221123516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of N, N’-bis([1,2,4]triazole[4,3- b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine-6-yl)alkylamine derivatives is designed, synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition activities against three tumor cell lines and c-Met kinase activity in vitro. These compounds are fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, IR and elemental analysis. Antitumor experiments indicate that some of these compounds exhibit significant inhibition activities against A549, Bewo and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Among them, the IC50 values of 4a indicate better antitumor activities against the A549 (1.21 μM), Bewo (0.68 μM) and MCF-7 (3.74 μM) cell lines than the positive agent cisplatin (9.97 μM for A549, 10.46 μM for Bewo, and 15.03 μM for MCF-7), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglu Ke
- School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Tianyun Pei
- School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Refining and High-Quality Utilization of Biomass, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuanhe Zhang
- School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Zihang Xu
- School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Jixiang Ding
- School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou, P.R. China
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Shen Z, Xue W, Zheng Y, Geng Q, Wang L, Fan Z, Wang W, Yue Y, Zhai Y, Li L, Zhao J. Correction to: Molecular mechanism study of HGF/c-MET pathway activation and immune regulation for a tumor diagnosis model. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:672. [PMID: 34906135 PMCID: PMC8672628 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qishun Geng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The No.7. People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450016, Henan, China
| | - Yunkai Zhai
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.
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