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Sriramulu S, Thoidingjam S, Chen WM, Hassan O, Siddiqui F, Brown SL, Movsas B, Green MD, Davis AJ, Speers C, Walker E, Nyati S. BUB1 regulates non-homologous end joining pathway to mediate radioresistance in triple-negative breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:163. [PMID: 38863037 PMCID: PMC11167950 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer subtype often treated with radiotherapy (RT). Due to its intrinsic heterogeneity and lack of effective targets, it is crucial to identify novel molecular targets that would increase RT efficacy. Here we demonstrate the role of BUB1 (cell cycle Ser/Thr kinase) in TNBC radioresistance and offer a novel strategy to improve TNBC treatment. METHODS Gene expression analysis was performed to look at genes upregulated in TNBC patient samples compared to other subtypes. Cell proliferation and clonogenic survivals assays determined the IC50 of BUB1 inhibitor (BAY1816032) and radiation enhancement ratio (rER) with pharmacologic and genomic BUB1 inhibition. Mammary fat pad xenografts experiments were performed in CB17/SCID. The mechanism through which BUB1 inhibitor sensitizes TNBC cells to radiotherapy was delineated by γ-H2AX foci assays, BLRR, Immunoblotting, qPCR, CHX chase, and cell fractionation assays. RESULTS BUB1 is overexpressed in BC and its expression is considerably elevated in TNBC with poor survival outcomes. Pharmacological or genomic ablation of BUB1 sensitized multiple TNBC cell lines to cell killing by radiation, although breast epithelial cells showed no radiosensitization with BUB1 inhibition. Kinase function of BUB1 is mainly accountable for this radiosensitization phenotype. BUB1 ablation also led to radiosensitization in TNBC tumor xenografts with significantly increased tumor growth delay and overall survival. Mechanistically, BUB1 ablation inhibited the repair of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). BUB1 ablation stabilized phospho-DNAPKcs (S2056) following RT such that half-lives could not be estimated. In contrast, RT alone caused BUB1 stabilization, but pre-treatment with BUB1 inhibitor prevented stabilization (t1/2, ~8 h). Nuclear and chromatin-enriched fractionations illustrated an increase in recruitment of phospho- and total-DNAPK, and KAP1 to chromatin indicating that BUB1 is indispensable in the activation and recruitment of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) proteins to DSBs. Additionally, BUB1 staining of TNBC tissue microarrays demonstrated significant correlation of BUB1 protein expression with tumor grade. CONCLUSIONS BUB1 ablation sensitizes TNBC cell lines and xenografts to RT and BUB1 mediated radiosensitization may occur through NHEJ. Together, these results highlight BUB1 as a novel molecular target for radiosensitization in women with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Sriramulu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, 5D-42, MI-48202, USA
| | - Shivani Thoidingjam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, 5D-42, MI-48202, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX-75390, USA
| | - Oudai Hassan
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Farzan Siddiqui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, 5D-42, MI-48202, USA
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI-48824, USA
| | - Stephen L Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, 5D-42, MI-48202, USA
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI-48824, USA
| | - Benjamin Movsas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, 5D-42, MI-48202, USA
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI-48824, USA
| | - Michael D Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Anthony J Davis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX-75390, USA
| | - Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UH Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH-44106, USA
| | - Eleanor Walker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, 5D-42, MI-48202, USA
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI-48824, USA
| | - Shyam Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, 5D-42, MI-48202, USA.
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI-48202, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI-48824, USA.
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Chen PA, Chang PC, Yeh WW, Hu TY, Hong YC, Wang YC, Huang WJ, Lin TP. The lncRNA TPT1-AS1 promotes the survival of neuroendocrine prostate cancer cells by facilitating autophagy. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2103-2123. [PMID: 38859837 PMCID: PMC11162664 DOI: 10.62347/imbv8599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The lncRNA tumor protein translationally controlled 1-antisense RNA 1 (TPT1-AS1) is known for its oncogenic role in various cancers, but its impact on the pathological progression of prostate cancer remains unclear. Our previous study demonstrated that the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) regulates neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in prostate cancer (PCA) by derepressing specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including TPT1-AS1. In this study, we revealed that TPT1-AS1 is overexpressed in LNCaP and C4-2B cells after IL-6 and enzalutamide treatment. By analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate adenocarcinoma dataset, we detected upregulated TPT1-AS1 expression in neuroendocrine-associated PCA but not in prostate adenocarcinoma. Single-cell RNA sequencing data further confirmed the increased TPT1-AS1 levels in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) cells. Surprisingly, functional experiments indicated that TPT1-AS1 overexpression had no stimulatory effect on NED in LNCaP cells and that TPT1-AS1 knockdown did not inhibit IL-6-induced NED. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the essential role of TPT1-AS1 in synaptogenesis and autophagy activation in neuroendocrine differentiated PCA cells induced by IL-6 and enzalutamide treatment. TPT1-AS1 was found to regulate the expression of autophagy-related genes that maintain neuroendocrine cell survival through autophagy activation. In conclusion, our data expand the current knowledge of REST-repressed lncRNAs in NED in PCA and highlight the contribution of TPT1-AS1 to protect neuroendocrine cells from cell death rather than inducing NED. Our study suggested that TPT1-AS1 plays a cytoprotective role in NEPC cells; thus, targeting TPT1-AS1 is a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-An Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wayne W Yeh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Tze-Yun Hu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Hong
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - William J Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Sriramulu S, Thoidingjam S, Chen WM, Hassan O, Siddiqui F, Brown SL, Movsas B, Green MD, Davis AJ, Speers C, Walker E, Nyati S. BUB1 regulates non-homologous end joining pathway to mediate radioresistance in triple-negative breast cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.592812. [PMID: 38766122 PMCID: PMC11100764 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer subtype often treated with radiotherapy (RT). Due to its intrinsic heterogeneity and lack of effective targets, it is crucial to identify novel molecular targets that would increase RT efficacy. Here we demonstrate the role of BUB1 (cell cycle Ser/Thr kinase) in TNBC radioresistance and offer a novel strategy to improve TNBC treatment. Methods Gene expression analysis was performed to look at genes upregulated in TNBC patient samples compared to other subtypes. Cell proliferation and clonogenic survivals assays determined the IC 50 of BUB1 inhibitor (BAY1816032) and radiation enhancement ratio (rER) with pharmacologic and genomic BUB1 inhibition. Mammary fat pad xenografts experiments were performed in CB17/SCID. The mechanism through which BUB1 inhibitor sensitizes TNBC cells to radiotherapy was delineated by γ-H2AX foci assays, BLRR, Immunoblotting, qPCR, CHX chase, and cell fractionation assays. Results BUB1 is overexpressed in BC and its expression is considerably elevated in TNBC with poor survival outcomes. Pharmacological or genomic ablation of BUB1 sensitized multiple TNBC cell lines to cell killing by radiation, although breast epithelial cells showed no radiosensitization with BUB1 inhibition. Kinase function of BUB1 is mainly accountable for this radiosensitization phenotype. BUB1 ablation also led to radiosensitization in TNBC tumor xenografts with significantly increased tumor growth delay and overall survival. Mechanistically, BUB1 ablation inhibited the repair of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). BUB1 ablation stabilized phospho-DNAPKcs (S2056) following RT such that half-lives could not be estimated. In contrast, RT alone caused BUB1 stabilization, but pre-treatment with BUB1 inhibitor prevented stabilization (t 1/2 , ∼8 h). Nuclear and chromatin-enriched fractionations illustrated an increase in recruitment of phospho- and total-DNAPK, and KAP1 to chromatin indicating that BUB1 is indispensable in the activation and recruitment of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) proteins to DSBs. Additionally, BUB1 staining of TNBC tissue microarrays demonstrated significant correlation of BUB1 protein expression with tumor grade. Conclusions BUB1 ablation sensitizes TNBC cell lines and xenografts to RT and BUB1 mediated radiosensitization may occur through NHEJ. Together, these results highlight BUB1 as a novel molecular target for radiosensitization in women with TNBC.
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Thomas D, Palczewski M, Kuschman H, Hoffman B, Yang H, Glynn S, Wilson D, Kool E, Montfort W, Chang J, Petenkaya A, Chronis C, Cundari T, Sappa S, Islam K, McVicar D, Fan Y, Chen Q, Meerzaman D, Sierk M. Nitric oxide inhibits ten-eleven translocation DNA demethylases to regulate 5mC and 5hmC across the genome. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4131804. [PMID: 38645113 PMCID: PMC11030528 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4131804/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation at cytosine bases of eukaryotic DNA (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) is a heritable epigenetic mark that can regulate gene expression in health and disease. Enzymes that metabolize 5mC have been well-characterized, yet the discovery of endogenously produced signaling molecules that regulate DNA methyl-modifying machinery have not been described. Herein, we report that the free radical signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) can directly inhibit the Fe(II)/2-OG-dependent DNA demethylases ten-eleven translocation (TET) and human AlkB homolog 2 (ALKBH2). Physiologic NO concentrations reversibly inhibited TET and ALKBH2 demethylase activity by binding to the mononuclear non-heme iron atom which formed a dinitrosyliron complex (DNIC) preventing cosubstrates (2-OG and O2) from binding. In cancer cells treated with exogenous NO, or cells endogenously synthesizing NO, there was a global increase in 5mC and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in DNA, the substrates for TET, that could not be attributed to increased DNA methyltransferase activity. 5mC was also elevated in NO-producing cell-line-derived mouse xenograft and patient-derived xenograft tumors. Genome-wide DNA methylome analysis of cells chronically treated with NO (10 days) demonstrated enrichment of 5mC and 5hmC at gene-regulatory loci which correlated to changes in the expression of NO-regulated tumor-associated genes. Regulation of DNA methylation is distinctly different from canonical NO signaling and represents a novel epigenetic role for NO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianne Palczewski
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hannah Kuschman
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | | - Hao Yang
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry
| | - Sharon Glynn
- University of Galway, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, D. of Pathology
| | | | - Eric Kool
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry, School of Humanities and Sciences
| | | | - Jenny Chang
- Houston Methodist, Department of Medicine and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Aydolun Petenkaya
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | - Constantinos Chronis
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | | | - Sushma Sappa
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Daniel McVicar
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research
| | - Yu Fan
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology
| | - Qingrong Chen
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology
| | - Michael Sierk
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology
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Kumar H, Gupta NV, Jain R, Madhunapantula SV, Babu CS, Kesharwani SS, Dey S, Jain V. A review of biological targets and therapeutic approaches in the management of triple-negative breast cancer. J Adv Res 2023; 54:271-292. [PMID: 36791960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, aggressive phenotype of breast cancer with associated chemoresistance. The development of chemo- or radioresistance could be attributed to diverse tumor microenvironments, overexpression of membrane proteins (transporters), epigenetic changes, and alteration of the cell signaling pathways/genes associated with the development of cancer stem cells (CSCs). AIM OF REVIEW Due to the diverse and heterogeneous nature of TNBC, therapeutic response to the existing modalities offers limited scope and thus results in reccurance after therapy. To establish landmark therapeutic efficacy, a number of novel therapeutic modalities have been proposed. In addition, reversal of the resistance that developed during treatment may be altered by employing appropriate therapeutic modalities. This review aims to discuss the plethora of investigations carried out, which will help readers understand and make an appropriate choice of therapy directed toward complete elimination of TNBC. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This manuscript addresses the major contributory factors from the tumor microenvironment that are responsible for the development of chemoresistance and poor prognosis. The associated cellular events and molecular mechanism-based therapeutic interventions have been explained in detail. Inhibition of ABC transporters, cell signaling pathways associated with CSCs, and epigenetic modification offers promising results in this regard. TNBC progression, invasion, metastasis and recurrence can also be inhibited by blocking multiple cell signaling pathways, targeting specific receptors/epigenetic targets, disrupting bioenergetics and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - N Vishal Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Rupshee Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - C Saravana Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | | | - Surajit Dey
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India.
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Santamaria G, Cioce M, Rizzuto A, Fazio VM, Viglietto G, Lucibello M. Harnessing the value of TCTP in breast cancer treatment resistance: an opportunity for personalized therapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:447-467. [PMID: 37842235 PMCID: PMC10571059 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Early identification of breast cancer (BC) patients at a high risk of progression may aid in therapeutic and prognostic aims. This is especially true for metastatic disease, which is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. Growing evidence indicates that the translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) may be a clinically relevant marker for identifying poorly differentiated aggressive BC tumors. TCTP is an intriguing protein with pleiotropic functions, which is involved in multiple signaling pathways. TCTP may also be involved in stress response, cell growth and proliferation-related processes, underlying its potential role in the initiation of metastatic growth. Thus, TCTP marks specific cancer cell sub-populations with pronounced stress adaptation, stem-like and immune-evasive properties. Therefore, we have shown that in vivo phospho-TCTP levels correlate with the response of BC cells to anti-HER2 agents. In this review, we discuss the clinical relevance of TCTP for personalized therapy, specific TCTP-targeting strategies, and currently available therapeutic agents. We propose TCTP as an actionable clinically relevant target that could potentially improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Santamaria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Mario Cioce
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome 00128, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome 00133, Italy
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Antonia Rizzuto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome 00128, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Maria Lucibello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Catanzaro 88100, Italy
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Li Y, Li F, Sun Z, Li J. A review of literature: role of long noncoding RNA TPT1-AS1 in human diseases. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:306-315. [PMID: 36112261 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human diseases are multifactorial processes mainly driven by the intricate interactions of genetic and environmental factors. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a type of non-coding RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the dysregulation of lncRNAs is associated with complex biological as well as pathological processes through various mechanism, especially the regulation of gene transcription and related signal transduction pathways. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have explored lncRNA-based clinical applications in different diseases. For instance, the lncRNA Tumor Protein Translationally Controlled 1 (TPT1) Antisense RNA 1 (TPT1-AS1) was found to be dysregulated in several types of disease and strongly associated with patient prognosis and diverse clinical features. Recent studies have also documented that TPT1-AS1 modulates numerous biological processes through multiple mechanisms, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, invasion, migration, radiosensitivity, chemosensitivity, stemness, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. Furthermore, TPT1-AS1 was regarded as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of several human diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of TPT1-AS1 in human diseases with the aspects of its expression, relevant clinical characteristics, molecular mechanisms, biological functions, and subsequent clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fulei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zongzong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Shaji SK, Drishya G, Sunilkumar D, Suravajhala P, Kumar GB, Nair BG. Systematic understanding of anti-tumor mechanisms of Tamarixetin through network and experimental analyses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3966. [PMID: 35273218 PMCID: PMC8913656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamarixetin, a flavonoid derived from Quercetin, was shown to possess anti-cancer properties in various types of cancer. However, the mechanism of action of this compound is not well understood. Observations from reverse docking and network pharmacology analysis, were validated by cell based studies to analyse the chemotherapeutic potential and elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of Tamarixetin in breast cancer. In silico analysis using reverse docking and PPI analysis clearly indicated that out of 35 proteins targeted by Tamarixetin, the top 3 hub genes, namely, AKT1, ESR1 and HSP90AA1, were upregulated in breast tumor tissues and more importantly showed strong negative correlation to breast cancer patient survival. Furthermore, the KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment of target proteins of Tamarixetin in 33 pathways which are mainly involved in neoplastic signalling. In vitro cell-based studies demonstrated that Tamarixetin could inhibit cell proliferation, induce ROS and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cell death. Tamarixetin induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and inhibited the migration as well as the invasion of breast cancer cells. Taken together, the combination of in silico and in vitro approaches used in the present study clearly provides evidence for the chemotherapeutic potential of Tamarixetin in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu K Shaji
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - G Drishya
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Damu Sunilkumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Geetha B Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India.
| | - Bipin G Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Clappana P.O, Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India.
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9
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Long Noncoding RNAs: Recent Insights into Their Role in Male Infertility and Their Potential as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413579. [PMID: 34948376 PMCID: PMC8708977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are composed of nucleotides located in the nucleus and cytoplasm; these are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and are greater than 200 nt in length. LncRNAs fulfill important functions in a variety of biological processes, including genome imprinting, cell differentiation, apoptosis, stem cell pluripotency, X chromosome inactivation and nuclear transport. As high throughput sequencing technology develops, a substantial number of lncRNAs have been found to be related to a variety of biological processes, such as development of the testes, maintaining the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells, and regulating spermatocyte meiosis. These indicate that lncRNAs can be used as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for male infertility. However, only a few comprehensive reviews have described the role of lncRNAs in male reproduction. In this paper, we summarize recent findings relating to the role of lncRNAs in spermatogenesis, their potential as biomarkers for male infertility and the relationship between reproductive arrest and transgenerational effects. Finally, we suggest specific targets for the treatment of male infertility from the perspective of lncRNAs.
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