The importance of miRNA-630 in human diseases with an especial focus on cancers

miR-143 promotes cell proliferation, invasion and migration via directly binding to BRD2 in lens epithelial cells

OBJECTIVE

Cataract causes the greatest number of blindnesses worldwide. This study aims to investigate the role of miR-143 in lens epithelial cells.

METHODS

Clustering analysis was conducted to systematically compare miRNA expression levels across cataract and myopia. The levels of miR-143 and Bromodomain containing 2 (BRD2) were determined using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay in lens epithelial cells. Transwell and wound healing assays were conducted to detect cell invasive and migratory abilities. The regulation relationship between MiR-143 and BRD2 was assessed using dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. BRD2 was knocked down using siRNA-BRD2, and siRNA-BRD2, and miR-143 inhibitors were transfected into cells with lipofectamine 2000.

RESULTS

Through retrieving five databases, 2690 miRNAs were selected. Volcano plot results demonstrated that 200 miRNAs were differentially expressed between cataract and myopia, in which 152 miRNAs were upregulated and 48 miRNAs downregulated in myopia compared with cataract. MiR-143 was upregulated in cataract compared with myopia (P<0.05). MiR-143 inhibitor suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of lens epithelial cells (all P<0.05). Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that BRD2 was a miR-143 target gene in SRA01/04 cells. Knockdown of BRD2 promoted SRA01/04 cell proliferation, invasion and migration (all P<0.05). In addition, silencing of BRD2 partially reversed the functions of miR-143 inhibitor on proliferation, invasion and migration (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

MiR-143 suppresses lens epithelial cell proliferation, invasion and migration by regulating BRD2, which may support a novel therapeutic strategy for cataract patients.

Acovenoside A as a novel therapeutic approach to boost taxol and carboplatin apoptotic and antiproliferative activities in NSCLC: Interplay of miR-630/miR-181a and apoptosis genes

The aim of the present study is to explore the potential anticancer effect of the cardenolide; acovenoside A against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), understand its molecular mechanism in inducing apoptosis and show the effect of its combination with carboplatin and taxol. MTT assay showed that the combination of acovenoside A with taxol and carboplatin caused 78.9% cytotoxicity reflecting the synergistic effect. The triple combination showed the best growth inhibition efficiency where the number of cells at the G2/M phase was decreased and boosted up apoptotic and necrotic activity. The combination also showed the most remarkable increase in gene expression of Bax and p53 and the least level of Bcl2. The gene expression of miRNA181a and miRNA630 was significantly upregulated in cell lines treated with the combination. The present study has proven that the underlying mechanism of acovenoside A is partially attributed to the upregulation of miR-630 and miR-181a gene expressions which in turn targets the intrinsic apoptosis genes as p53, Bax and Bcl2 as well as caspase 3. The present study is the first to address the valuable effect of using acovenoside A together with carboplatin and taxol in the treatment of NSCLC via exerting apoptotic, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic effects..

miRNAs driving diagnosis, prognosis and progression in Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive form of skin malignancy with a high recurrence commonly within two to three years of initial diagnosis. The incidence of MCC has nearly doubled in the past few decades. Options for diagnosing, assessing, and treating MCC are limited. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules that play an important role in controlling many different aspects of cell biology. Many miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in distinct types of cancer, with some serving as tumor suppressors and others as oncomiRs. Therefore, the future holds great promise for the utilization of miRNAs in enhancing diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches for MCC. Accordingly, the goal of this article is to compile, summarize, and discuss the latest research on miRNAs in MCC, highlighting their potential clinical utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

Emerging roles and mechanisms of miR-206 in human disorders: a comprehensive review

As a member of the miR-1 family, miR-206 is located between IL-17 and PKHD1 genes in human. This miRNA has been shown to be involved in the pathogenic processes in a variety of human disorders including cancers, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, epilepsy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Hirschsprung disease, muscular dystrophies, pulmonary arterial hypertension, sepsis and ulcerative colitis. In the current review, we summarize the role of miR-206 in both malignant and non-malignant situations and explain its possible therapeutic implications.

LINC01234 Accelerates the Progression of Breast Cancer via the miR-525-5p/Cold Shock Domain-Containing E1 Axis

Backgrounds. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are strongly associated with the development of breast cancer (BC). As yet, the function of LINC01234 in BC remains unknown. Methods. Using biological information, the potential lncRNA, miRNA, and target gene were predicted. LINC01234 and miR-525-5p expression in BC tissues was detected using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to determine the distribution of LINC01234. Cell proliferation was analyzed using CCK-8 assay, colony formation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, and apoptosis evaluated using flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to evaluate protein expression. Dual-luciferase® reporter, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to analyze the binding relationships among LINC01234, miR-525-5p, and cold shock domain-containing E1 (CSDE1). Results. We screened out LINC01234, found to be significantly increased in BC tissues, associated with a poor prognosis, and positively correlated with tumor size of BC. Knockdown of LINC01234 suppressed BC cell growth and facilitated apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter®, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that LINC01234 and CSDE1 directly interacted with miR-525-5p. Upregulation of miR-525-5p and suppression of CSDE1 inhibited BC cell growth and induced cell apoptosis. Conclusion. Upregulation of LINC01234 contributes to the development of BC through the miR-525-5p/CSDE1 axis. LINC01234 may be one of the potential diagnostic and treatment targets for BC.