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Chen Z, Wu H, Wang Y, Rao Y, Yan J, Ran B, Zeng Q, Yang X, Cao J, Cao H, Zhu X, Zhang X. Enhancing melanoma therapy by modulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment with an MMP-2 sensitive and nHA/GNE co-encapsulated hydrogel. Acta Biomater 2024; 188:79-92. [PMID: 39241819 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, such as lactic acid and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) overexpression, has been well confirmed to be adverse for tumor therapy. In current study, a tumor microenvironment modulatory hydrogel was successfully developed to treat melanoma by taking advantage of the synergistic effects of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) with well-documented selective anti-tumor action, lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitor (R)-GNE-140 (GNE), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) sensitive peptide. The hydrogel was acquired by the reaction of 4-arm-polyethylene glycol-maleic anhydride (4-arm-PEG-MAL) and MMP-2 sensitive peptide (CC-14), in which nHA and GNE were co-encapsulated physically. The in vitro degradation tests confirmed the accelerated release of nHA and GNE from the hydrogel under less-acidic (pH 6.8) and MMP-2 containing conditions compared to those neutral or without MMP-2 conditions, demonstrating the pH and MMP-2 responsive properties of as-prepared hydrogel. Findings from in vitro cell experiments revealed that the hydrogel could stop the proliferation of melanoma cells by stacking cell cycle via lactic acid metabolic dysregulation and boosting cell apoptosis via nHA direct killing effect. Moreover, after hydrogel treatment, the rate of migration and aggressiveness of melanoma cells both reduced significantly. An in vivo anti-melanoma study showed that the hydrogel could inhibit tumor growth significantly and result in more CD8+ T cells and antigen-presenting cells but less Treg cells infiltration, ultimately leading to an enhanced therapeutic efficacy. As thus, the fabricated hydrogel demonstrated great promise for treating melanoma and could be a new potent strategy for efficient melanoma therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) has the capability of selectively killing cancer cells. The study reported a tumor microenvironment (TME) modulatory hydrogel with the goal of enhancing melanoma therapy efficacy by combining nHA administration with immunosuppressive microenvironment modulation. The hydrogel demonstrated pH and MMP-2 sensitivity. Hence, controlled release of nHA and lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitor (GNE) could be observed, and in situ MMP-2 consumption at the tumor site occurred. The hydrogel effectively inhibited the growth of melanoma cells. Furthermore, hydrogel increased the production of CD8+ T cells and antigen-presenting cells while decreasing the infiltration of Treg cells at the tumor site. This could transform the initial "cold" tumor into a "hot" tumor, ultimately resulting in an enhanced therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong Hospital Beijing AnZhen Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Hongfeng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yifu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yunjia Rao
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong Hospital Beijing AnZhen Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong Hospital Beijing AnZhen Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Bin Ran
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong Hospital Beijing AnZhen Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterials and Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices and NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jun Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Huan Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Yu S, Wang S, Wang X, Xu X. The axis of tumor-associated macrophages, extracellular matrix proteins, and cancer-associated fibroblasts in oncogenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:335. [PMID: 39375726 PMCID: PMC11459962 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex, dynamic network of multiple macromolecules that serve as a crucial structural and physical scaffold for neighboring cells. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), ECM proteins play a significant role in mediating cellular communication between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Revealing the ECM modification of the TME necessitates the intricate signaling cascades that transpire among diverse cell populations and ECM proteins. The advent of single-cell sequencing has enabled the identification and refinement of specific cellular subpopulations, which has substantially enhanced our comprehension of the intricate milieu and given us a high-resolution perspective on the diversity of ECM proteins. However, it is essential to integrate single-cell data and establish a coherent framework. In this regard, we present a comprehensive review of the relationships among ECM, TAMs, and CAFs. This encompasses insights into the ECM proteins released by TAMs and CAFs, signaling integration in the TAM-ECM-CAF axis, and the potential applications and limitations of targeted therapies for CAFs. This review serves as a reliable resource for focused therapeutic strategies while highlighting the crucial role of ECM proteins as intermediates in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Wen ZH, Chang L, Yang SN, Yu CL, Tung FY, Kuo HM, Lu IC, Wu CY, Shih PC, Chen WF, Chen NF. The anti-angiogenic and anti-vasculogenic mimicry effects of GN25 in endothelial and glioma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119799. [PMID: 39043304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Scientists have been exploring anti-angiogenic strategies to inhibit angiogenesis and prevent tumor growth. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) poses a challenge, complicating anti-angiogenesis therapy. A novel drug, GN25 (3-[{1,4-dihydro-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-dioxo-2-naphthalenyl}thio]-propanoic acid), can inhibit tumor formation. This study aims to investigate the microenvironmental effects and molecular mechanisms of GN25 in anti-angiogenesis and anti-VM. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to evaluate the cell viability of different concentrations of GN25 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and Uppsala 87 malignant glioma (U87MG) cells. Functional assays were used to investigate the effects of GN25 on angiogenesis-related processes, whereas gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Western blotting were utilized to assess the influence on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and related signaling pathways. KEY RESULTS GN25 suppressed migration, wound healing, and tube formation in HUVECs and disrupted angiogenesis in a rat aorta ring and zebrafish embryo model. GN25 dose-dependently reduced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and inhibited MMP-2/VEGF secretion in HUVECs. In U87MG cells, GN25 inhibited migration, wound healing, and VM, accompanied by a decrease in MMP-2 and VEGF secretion. The results indicate that GN25 effectively inhibits angiogenesis and VM formation in HUVECs and U87MG cells without affecting preexisting vascular structures. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study elaborated GN25's potential as an anti-angiogenic agent by elucidating its inhibitory effects on classical angiogenesis. VM provides valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies against tumor progression and angiogenesis-related diseases. These results indicate the potential of GN25 as a promising candidate for angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Long Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - San-Nan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ling Yu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tung
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833301, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Shih
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833301, Taiwan.
| | - Nan-Fu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan.
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4
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Moulik S, Karmakar S, Basu A, Ali M, Chatterjee A. Interdependency and differential expression of ERK1 and ERK2 in breast and melanoma cell lines. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2024; 36:27. [PMID: 39278984 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-024-00233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory mechanism of ERK1 and ERK2, their mechanisms of action, and how they impact on development, growth, and homeostasis of different organisms have been given much emphasis for long. ERK1 and 2 though are isoforms of ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase but are coded by two different genes MAPK3 and MAPK1 respectively and show differential expressions and interdependency in different cancer cell lines. Our previous investigations substantially stated the effect of ERK1 and ERK2 on different extracellular molecules like MMPs and integrins, responsible for cell growth and differentiation. Here, we aim to study individual roles of ERK1 and ERK2 and their interdependency in progression and invasiveness in various cancer cell lines. METHODS Different cancer cell lines namely B16F10 (melanoma), MCF7, and MDAMB231 (breast cancer) for studying this particular question were used. Methodologies like gelatin zymography, immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, cell invasion assay, wound healing assay, siRNA transfection, and double transfection procedures were followed for our study. RESULTS Our findings suggest compensation for ERK2 deficiency by pERK1, clear ERK2 predominance in MCF7 cell line, ERK1-ERK2 interdependency in MDAMB231 cells with regard to compensating each other, and significant role of both ERK1 and ERK2 in modulation of MMP9. CONCLUSION If summarized, our results prove the contribution of ERK2 in compensating ERK1 loss and vice versa and an evident role of ERK1 in cancer cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvojit Moulik
- Research and Development Wing, Suraksha Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd., Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sayantani Karmakar
- Research and Development Wing, Suraksha Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd., Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Asmita Basu
- CWF Labs: Transdisciplinary Healthcare & Research, Bolpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahammad Ali
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amitava Chatterjee
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (CNCI), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Shebrain A, Idris OA, Jawad A, Zhang T, Xing Y. Advancements and Challenges in Personalized Therapy for BRAF-Mutant Melanoma: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5409. [PMID: 39336897 PMCID: PMC11432393 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, advancements in the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma have led to the development of BRAF inhibitors, BRAF/MEK inhibitor combinations, anti-PD-1 therapy, and anti-CTLA4 therapy. Although these therapies have shown substantial efficacy in clinical trials, their sustained effectiveness is often challenged by the tumor microenvironment, which is a highly heterogeneous and complex milieu of immunosuppressive cells that affect tumor progression. The era of personalized medicine holds substantial promise for the tailoring of treatments to individual genetic profiles. However, tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion mechanisms contribute to the resistance to immunotherapy. Despite these challenges, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, as exemplified by lifileucel, has demonstrated notable efficacy against BRAF V600-mutant melanoma. Additionally, early response biomarkers, such as COX-2 and MMP2, along with FDG-PET imaging, offer the potential to improve personalized immunotherapy by predicting patient responses and determining the optimal treatment duration. Future efforts should focus on reducing the T-cell harvesting periods and costs associated with TIL therapy to enhance efficiency and accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Shebrain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Omer A Idris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
- Malate Institute for Medical Research, Malate Inc., P.O. Box 23, Grandville, MI 49468, USA
| | - Ali Jawad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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6
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Dong Q, Sun Y, Li J, Tian X, Liu S, Fu Y, Luo R, Guo L, Zong B, Lu Q, Ye C, Fu S, Qiu Y. LAMTOR1/mTORC1 promotes CD276 to induce immunosuppression via PI3K/Akt/MMP signaling pathway in Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis of laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104216. [PMID: 39270482 PMCID: PMC11417168 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) causes avian necrotic enteritis, leading to huge economic losses to the poultry industry. This pathogen induces host immunosuppression; however, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Thus, we established a laying hen infection model to explore this mechanism. We randomly divided 20 one-old-day laying hens into the control and infection groups. The infection group was infected intragastrically with 1 × 109 colony-forming units of C. perfringens in 1 mL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) once a day from d 17 to 20; the control group received the same volume of PBS without the bacterium. Twenty-four hours after the last challenge, we sacrificed the laying hens and collected the jejunum for analysis. The infection group presented alterations in blood biochemical parameters and necrotic lesion scores as well as damage to the jejunum. Proteomics revealed 427 upregulated and 291 downregulated proteins in the infection group. In the infection group, CD3, CD4, and CD8 messenger RNA expression (mRNA) expression was decreased; LAMTOR1 and mTORC1 mRNA expression was increased; CD276 protein expression was enhanced; and the PI3K/Akt/MMP pathway was activated in jejunum of laying hens. This is the first study to report CD276 expression in the jejunum related to immunosuppression in a laying hen model of necrotic enteritis. It provides some new key targets to potentially control avian necrotic enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Dong
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yamin Sun
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xinyue Tian
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yunjian Fu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ronghui Luo
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ling Guo
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Bingbing Zong
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qirong Lu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Chun Ye
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shulin Fu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Lazar AM, Costea DO, Popp CG, Mastalier B. Skin Malignant Melanoma and Matrix Metalloproteinases: Promising Links to Efficient Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7804. [PMID: 39063046 PMCID: PMC11277423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin malignant melanoma (MM) is one of the most frequent and aggressive neoplasia worldwide. Its associated high mortality rates are mostly due to its metastases, while diagnosis and treatment of MM in its early stages is of favorable prognostic. Even skin superficial MMs at incipient local stages can already present with lymph node invasion and distant metastases. Therefore, knowledge of the controllable risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms of MM development, spreading, and metastatic pattern, as well as early diagnosis, are essential to decrease the high mortality rates associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma. Genetic factors are incriminated, although lifetime-acquired genetic mutations appear to be even more frequently involved in the development of MM. Skin melanocytes divide only twice per year and have time to accumulate genetic mutations as a consequence of environmental aggressive factors, such as UV exposure. In the search for more promising therapies, matrix metalloproteinases have become of significant interest, such as MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13, which have been linked to more aggressive forms of cancer and earlier metastases. Therefore, the development of specific synthetic inhibitors of MMP secretion or activity could represent a more promising and effective approach to the personalized treatment of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Madalina Lazar
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- General Surgery Clinic, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Ovidiu Costea
- Second Surgery Clinic, Constanta District Clinical Emergency Hospital, 900591 Constanța, Romania
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Ovidius”, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | | | - Bogdan Mastalier
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- General Surgery Clinic, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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Yu J, Yuan Z, Liu J, Deng L, Zhao Y, Wang S, Tang E, Yang X, Li N, An J, Wu L. CCZ1 Accelerates the Progression of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Promoting MMP2/MMP17 Expression. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1468. [PMID: 39062041 PMCID: PMC11274717 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) represents a significant global health concern among females. Identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets is pivotal for improving the prognosis of CSCC. This study investigates the prognostic relevance of CCZ1 in CSCC and elucidates its downstream pathways and targets using a combination of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Transcriptomic analysis of 239 CSCC and 3 normal cervical samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database reveals a marked upregulation of CCZ1 mRNA levels in CSCC, and elevated CCZ1 mRNA levels were associated with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical analysis of clinical samples also confirmed these findings. Furthermore, functional assays, including Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, Transwell, and flow cytometry, elucidated the influence of CCZ1 on CSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression. Remarkably, CCZ1 knockdown suppressed CSCC progression both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CCZ1 knockdown downregulated MMP2 and MMP17 expression. Restoring MMP2 or MMP17 expression rescued phenotypic alterations induced by CCZ1 knockdown. Hence, CCZ1 promotes CSCC progression by upregulating MMP2 and MMP17 expression, emerging as a novel biomarker in CSCC and presenting potential as a therapeutic target in CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (E.T.); (X.Y.); (N.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhenlong Yuan
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (E.T.); (X.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (E.T.); (X.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (E.T.); (X.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Yuting Zhao
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (E.T.); (X.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (E.T.); (X.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Enyu Tang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (E.T.); (X.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (E.T.); (X.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (E.T.); (X.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Jusheng An
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (E.T.); (X.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Lingying Wu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; (J.Y.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (E.T.); (X.Y.); (N.L.)
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Papa V, Li Pomi F, Borgia F, Vaccaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Alarmins in cutaneous malignant melanoma: An updated overview of emerging evidence on their pathogenetic, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic role. J Dermatol 2024; 51:927-938. [PMID: 38775220 PMCID: PMC11483971 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Malignant cutaneous melanoma is the leading cause of death for skin cancer to date, with globally increasing incidence rates. In this epidemiological scenario, international scientific research is exerting efforts to identify new clinical strategies aimed at the prognostic amelioration of the disease. Very promising and groundbreaking in this context is the scientific interest related to alarmins and their pioneering utility in the setting of the pathogenetic understanding, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for malignant cutaneous melanoma. However, the scientific investigations on this matter should not overlook their still well-presented dual and contradictory role. The aim of our critical analysis is to provide an up-to-date overview of the emerging evidence concerning the dichotomous role of alarmins in the aforementioned clinical settings. Our literature revision was based on the extensive body of both preclinical and clinical findings published on the PubMed database over the past 5 years. In addition to this, we offer a special focus on potentially revolutionary new therapeutic frontiers, which, on the strength of their earliest successes in other clinical areas, could inaugurate a new era of personalized and precision medicine in the field of dermato-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Papa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of DermatologyUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of DermatologyUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR)MessinaItaly
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
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10
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Tian Z, Yu S, Cai R, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhu Y. SH3GL2 and MMP17 as lung adenocarcinoma biomarkers: a machine-learning based approach. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101693. [PMID: 38571554 PMCID: PMC10987888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Using bioinformatics machine learning methods, our research aims to identify the potential key genes associated with Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods We obtained two gene expression profiling microarrays (GSE68571 and GSE74706) from the public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database at the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The purpose was to identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) between the lung adenocarcinoma group and the healthy control group. The limma R package in R was utilized for this analysis. For the differential gene diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, we employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and SVM-RFE screening crossover. To evaluate the performance, ROC curves were plotted. We performed immuno-infiltration analysis using CIBERSORT. Finally, we validated the key genes through qRT-PCR and Western-blot verification, then downregulated MMP17 gene expression, upregulated SH3GL2 gene expression, and performed CCK8 experiments. Results A total of 32 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were identified. Two diagnostic marker genes, SH3GL2 and MMP17, were selected by employing LASSO and SVM-RFE machine learning methods. In Lung adenocarcinoma cells, the expression of MMP17 was observed to be elevated compared to normal lung epithelial cells in the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, a down-regulation of SH3GL2 was found in Lung adenocarcinoma cells (P < 0.05). Finally, we downregulated MMP17 and upregulated SH3GL2 gene expression, then the CCK8 showed that the proliferation of both lung cancer cells was inhibited. Conclusion SH3GL2 and MMP17 are expected to be potential biomarkers for Lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjian Tian
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Shilong Yu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Ruizhi Cai
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Qilun Liu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
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11
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Yao Z, Lu L, Xu Q, Hua S, Wang H, Jiang H. Integrated Analysis Reveals COL4A3 as a Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target in UV-Related Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1429-1446. [PMID: 38911338 PMCID: PMC11192641 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s461959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Background High levels of UV exposure are a significant factor that can trigger the onset and progression of SKCM. Moreover, this exposure is closely linked to the malignancy of the tumor and the prognosis of patients. Our objective is to identify a tumor biomarker database associated with UV exposure, which can be utilized for prognostic analysis and diagnosis and treatment of SKCM. Methods This study used the weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA) and gene mutation frequency analyses to screen for UV-related target genes using the GSE59455 and the cancer genome atlas databases (TCGA). The prognostic model was created using Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses (LASSCO). Furthermore, in vitro experiments further validated that the overexpression or knockdown of COL4A3 could regulate the proliferation and migration abilities of SKMEL28 and A357 melanoma cells. Results A prognostic model was created that included six genes with a high UV-related mutation in SKCM: COL4A3, CHRM2, DSC3, GIMAP5, LAMC2, and PSG7. The model had a strong patient survival correlation (P˂0.001, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.57) and significant predictor (P˂0.001, HR = 3.050). Furthermore, the model negatively correlated with immune cells, including CD8+ T cells (Cor=-0.408, P˂0.001), and M1-type macrophages (Cor=-0.385, P˂0.001), and immune checkpoints, including programmed cell death ligand-1. Moreover, we identified COL4A3 as a molecule with significant predictive functionality. Overexpression of COL4A3 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of SKMEL28 and A357 melanoma cells, while knockdown of COL4A3 yielded the opposite results. And overexpression of COL4A3 enhanced the inhibitory effects of imatinib on the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of SKMEL28 and A357 cells. Conclusion The efficacy of the prognostic model was validated by analyzing the prognosis, immune infiltration, and immune checkpoint profiles. COL4A3 stands out as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for SKCM, offering new strategies for small-molecule targeted drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuochao Yao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianhui Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Hua
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Ibraheem Q. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) in Colorectal Cancer Progression: Correlation With Clinicopathological Features and Impact on Cellular Processes. Cureus 2024; 16:e61941. [PMID: 38978899 PMCID: PMC11229389 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and deadly disease characterized by significant molecular complexity. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) has been implicated in cancer progression due to its role in extracellular matrix degradation, yet comprehensive studies linking MMP2 expression to CRC progression and its molecular mechanisms remain needed. Methodology This study involved 90 CRC patients, with tumor and adjacent normal tissues analyzed via immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess MMP2 expression. The human CRC cell line SW480 was treated with an MMP2 inhibitor, ARP100, and evaluated for changes in cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis using various assays, including MTT, wound-healing, transwell, caspase activity, and western blot analysis. Results High MMP2 expression was significantly associated with advanced tumor stages, lymph node involvement, and metastasis in CRC patients. Compared to normal tissues, MMP2 expression was markedly higher in cancerous tissues. Inhibition of MMP2 in SW480 cells resulted in reduced migration, invasion, and proliferation, and induced apoptosis, evidenced by increased caspase 3 and 9 activities and higher levels of cleaved caspase proteins. Conclusion Elevated MMP2 expression is correlated with advanced CRC and aggressive tumor characteristics. MMP2 inhibition can suppress CRC cell invasiveness, migration, and proliferation while promoting apoptosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Ibraheem
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Histology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
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13
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Kang JY, Cho H, Gil M, Lee H, Park S, Kim KE. The novel prognostic marker SPOCK2 regulates tumour progression in melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15092. [PMID: 38888196 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domain proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2) is a protein that regulates cell differentiation and growth. Recent studies have reported that SPOCK2 plays important roles in the progression of various human cancers; however, the role of SPOCK2 in melanoma remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the roles of SPOCK2 and the related mechanisms in melanoma progression. To evaluate the clinical significance of SPOCK2 expression in patients with melanoma, we analysed the association between SPOCK2 expression and its prognostic value for patients with melanoma using systematic multiomic analysis. Subsequently, to investigate the roles of Spock2 in melanoma progression in vitro and in vivo, we knocked down Spock2 in the B16F10 melanoma cell line. High SPOCK2 levels were positively associated with good prognosis and long survival rate of patients with melanoma. Spock2 knockdown promoted melanoma cell proliferation by inducing the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis. Moreover, Spock2 downregulation significantly increased cell migration and invasion by upregulating MMP2 and MT1-MMP. The increased cell proliferation and migration were inhibited by MAPK inhibitor, and ERK phosphorylation was considerably enhanced in Spock2 knockdown cells. Therefore, Spock2 could function as a tumour suppressor gene to regulate melanoma progression by regulating the MAPK/ERK signalling pathway. Additionally, Spock2 knockdown cell injection induced considerable tumour growth and lung metastasis in C57BL6 mice compared to that in the control group. Our findings suggest that SPOCK2 plays crucial roles in malignant progression of melanoma and functions as a novel therapeutic target of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kang
- Department of Health Industry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeijin Cho
- Department of Health Industry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Health Industry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Health Industry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Shi Z, Yan J, Zhao M, Li S, She T, Qian X. Co-encapsulation of granzyme B and perforin in nanocapsules for tumour therapy: biomimicking immune cells. J Control Release 2024; 369:658-667. [PMID: 38604384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Granzyme B (GrB)-based immunotherapy is of interest for cancer treatment. However, insufficient cellular uptake and a lack of targeting remain challenges to make use of GrB for solid tumour therapy. As GrB induced cell death requires the help of perforin (PFN), we designed a system (nGPM) for the co-delivery of GrB and PFN. Therefore, GrB and PFN were loaded in a porous polymeric nanocapsule rich in acetylcholine analogues and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) responsive peptides. The neutrally charged nGPM nanocapsules showed as long circulating time and accumulated at the tumour sites. Once in the tumour the outside shell of nanocapsules became degraded by overexpressed MMP-2 proteases, resulting in the release of GrB and PFN. We found that the PFN complex formed small pores on the surface of tumour cells which allow GrB to enter the cytoplasm of tumour cells inducing cell apoptosis and tumour suppression significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Shi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; The Third Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Juanjuan Yan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Tiantian She
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Xiaomin Qian
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
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Gou Z, Li J, Liu J, Yang N. The hidden messengers: cancer associated fibroblasts-derived exosomal miRNAs as key regulators of cancer malignancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1378302. [PMID: 38694824 PMCID: PMC11061421 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1378302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a class of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a key role in controlling cancer cell invasion and metastasis, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to chemotherapy. CAFs mediate their activities by secreting soluble chemicals, releasing exosomes, and altering the extracellular matrix (ECM). Exosomes contain various biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. microRNA (miRNA), a 22-26 nucleotide non-coding RNA, can regulate the cellular transcription processes. Studies have shown that miRNA-loaded exosomes secreted by CAFs engage in various regulatory communication networks with other TME constituents. This study focused on the roles of CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs in generating cancer malignant characteristics, including immune modulation, tumor growth, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and treatment resistance. This study thoroughly examines miRNA's dual regulatory roles in promoting and suppressing cancer. Thus, changes in the CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients, and their specificity can be used to develop newer therapies. This review also discusses the pressing problems that require immediate attention, aiming to inspire researchers to explore more novel avenues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Gou
- Bethune First Clinical School of Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Lv D, Fei Y, Chen H, Wang J, Han W, Cui B, Feng Y, Zhang P, Chen J. Crosstalk between T lymphocyte and extracellular matrix in tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340702. [PMID: 38690275 PMCID: PMC11058664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex three-dimensional structure composed of proteins, glycans, and proteoglycans, constituting a critical component of the tumor microenvironment. Complex interactions among immune cells, extracellular matrix, and tumor cells promote tumor development and metastasis, consequently influencing therapeutic efficacy. Hence, elucidating these interaction mechanisms is pivotal for precision cancer therapy. T lymphocytes are an important component of the immune system, exerting direct anti-tumor effects by attacking tumor cells or releasing lymphokines to enhance immune effects. The ECM significantly influences T cells function and infiltration within the tumor microenvironment, thereby impacting the behavior and biological characteristics of tumor cells. T cells are involved in regulating the synthesis, degradation, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix through the secretion of cytokines and enzymes. As a result, it affects the proliferation and invasive ability of tumor cells as well as the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying T lymphocyte-ECM interactions in the tumor immune microenvironment and their potential application in immunotherapy. It provides novel insights for the development of innovative tumor therapeutic strategies and drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Limami Y, Pinon A, Wahnou H, Oudghiri M, Liagre B, Simon A, Duval RE. Ursolic Acid's Alluring Journey: One Triterpenoid vs. Cancer Hallmarks. Molecules 2023; 28:7897. [PMID: 38067626 PMCID: PMC10707789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease characterized by various hallmarks, including uncontrolled cell growth, evasion of apoptosis, sustained angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and metastasis, among others. Traditional cancer therapies often target specific hallmarks, leading to limited efficacy and the development of resistance. Thus, there is a growing need for alternative strategies that can address multiple hallmarks concomitantly. Ursolic acid (UA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, has recently emerged as a promising candidate for multitargeted cancer therapy. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the anticancer properties of UA, focusing on its ability to modulate various cancer hallmarks. The literature reveals that UA exhibits potent anticancer effects through diverse mechanisms, including the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis, inhibition of metastasis, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, UA has demonstrated promising activity against different cancer types (e.g., breast, lung, prostate, colon, and liver) by targeting various cancer hallmarks. This review discusses the molecular targets and signaling pathways involved in the anticancer effects of UA. Notably, UA has been found to modulate key signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin, which play crucial roles in cancer development and progression. Moreover, the ability of UA to destroy cancer cells through various mechanisms (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, inhibiting cell growth, dysregulating cancer cell metabolism, etc.) contributes to its multitargeted effects on cancer hallmarks. Despite promising anticancer effects, this review acknowledges hurdles related to UA's low bioavailability, emphasizing the need for enhanced therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness Limami
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (H.W.); (M.O.)
| | - Aline Pinon
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (A.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Hicham Wahnou
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (H.W.); (M.O.)
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (H.W.); (M.O.)
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (A.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Alain Simon
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (A.P.); (B.L.)
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Cardile A, Passarini C, Zanrè V, Fiore A, Menegazzi M. Hyperforin Enhances Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression Triggering Lipid Peroxidation in BRAF-Mutated Melanoma Cells and Hampers the Expression of Pro-Metastatic Markers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1369. [PMID: 37507910 PMCID: PMC10376533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperforin (HPF) is an acylphloroglucinol compound found abundantly in Hypericum perforatum extract which exhibits antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. Our recent study revealed a potent antimelanoma effect of HPF, which hinders melanoma cell proliferation, motility, colony formation, and induces apoptosis. Furthermore, we have identified glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX-4), a key enzyme involved in cellular protection against iron-induced lipid peroxidation, as one of the molecular targets of HPF. Thus, in three BRAF-mutated melanoma cell lines, we investigated whether iron unbalance and lipid peroxidation may be a part of the molecular mechanisms underlying the antimelanoma activity of HPF. Initially, we focused on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which catalyzes the heme group into CO, biliverdin, and free iron, and observed that HPF treatment triggered the expression of this inducible enzyme. In order to investigate the mechanism involved in HO-1 induction, we verified that HPF downregulates the BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH-1) transcription factor, an inhibitor of the heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) gene transcription. Remarkably, we observed a partial recovery of cell viability and an increase in the expression of the phosphorylated and active form of retinoblastoma protein when we suppressed the HMOX-1 gene using HMOX-1 siRNA while HPF was present. This suggests that the HO-1 pathway is involved in the cytostatic effect of HPF in melanoma cells. To explore whether lipid peroxidation is induced, we conducted cytofluorimetric analysis and observed a significant increase in the fluorescence of the BODIPY C-11 probe 48 h after HPF administration in all tested melanoma cell lines. To discover the mechanism by which HPF triggers lipid peroxidation, along with the induction of HO-1, we examined the expression of additional proteins associated with iron homeostasis and lipid peroxidation. After HPF administration, we confirmed the downregulation of GPX-4 and observed low expression levels of SLC7A11, a cystine transporter crucial for the glutathione production, and ferritin, able to sequester free iron. A decreased expression level of these proteins can sensitize cells to lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, HPF treatment resulted in increased expression levels of transferrin, which facilitates iron uptake, and LC3B proteins, a molecular marker of autophagy induction. Indeed, ferritin and GPX-4 have been reported to be digested during autophagy. Altogether, these findings suggest that HPF induced lipid peroxidation likely through iron overloading and decreasing the expression of proteins that protect cells from lipid peroxidation. Finally, we examined the expression levels of proteins associated with melanoma cell invasion and metastatic potential. We observed the decreased expression of CD133, octamer-4, tyrosine-kinase receptor AXL, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, and metalloproteinase-2 following HPF treatment. These findings provide further support for our previous observations, demonstrating the inhibitory effects of HPF on cell motility and colony formation in soft agar, which are both metastasis-related processes in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cardile
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Carlotta Passarini
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Zanrè
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
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