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Jackeline Pérez-Vega M, Manuel Corral-Ruiz G, Galán-Salinas A, Silva-García R, Mancilla-Herrera I, Barrios-Payán J, Fabila-Castillo L, Hernández-Pando R, Enid Sánchez-Torres L. Acute lung injury is prevented by monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor in an experimental severe malaria mouse model. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152823. [PMID: 38861873 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury caused by severe malaria (SM) is triggered by a dysregulated immune response towards the infection with Plasmodium parasites. Postmortem analysis of human lungs shows diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), the presence of CD8 lymphocytes, neutrophils, and increased expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1). P. berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in C57BL/6 mice reproduces many SM features, including acute lung injury characterized by DAD, CD8+ T lymphocytes and neutrophils in the lung parenchyma, and tissular expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, such as IFNγ, TNFα, ICAM, and VCAM. Since this is related to a dysregulated immune response, immunomodulatory agents are proposed to reduce the complications of SM. The monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF) is an immunomodulatory pentapeptide isolated from axenic cultures of Entamoeba hystolitica. Thus, we evaluated if the MLIF intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment prevented SM-induced acute lung injury. The peptide prevented SM without a parasiticidal effect, indicating that its protective effect was related to modifications in the immune response. Furthermore, peripheral CD8+ leukocytes and neutrophil proportions were higher in infected treated mice. However, the treatment prevented DAD, CD8+ cell infiltration into the pulmonary tissue and downregulated IFNγ. Moreover, VCAM-1 expression was abrogated. These results indicate that the MLIF treatment downregulated adhesion molecule expression, impeding cell migration and proinflammatory cytokine tissular production, preventing acute lung injury induced by SM. Our findings represent a potential novel strategy to avoid this complication in various events where a dysregulated immune response triggers lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Jackeline Pérez-Vega
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Manuel Corral-Ruiz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrian Galán-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl Silva-García
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-Siglo XXI, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ismael Mancilla-Herrera
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Luvia Enid Sánchez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Nguee SYT, Júnior JWBD, Epiphanio S, Rénia L, Claser C. Experimental Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:899581. [PMID: 35677654 PMCID: PMC9168995 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is increasingly gaining recognition as a severe malaria complication because of poor prognostic outcomes, high lethality rate, and limited therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, invasive clinical studies are challenging to conduct and yields insufficient mechanistic insights. These limitations have led to the development of suitable MA-ARDS experimental mouse models. In patients and mice, MA-ARDS is characterized by edematous lung, along with marked infiltration of inflammatory cells and damage of the alveolar-capillary barriers. Although, the pathogenic pathways have yet to be fully understood, the use of different experimental mouse models is fundamental in the identification of mediators of pulmonary vascular damage. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on endothelial activation, leukocyte recruitment, leukocyte induced-endothelial dysfunction, and other important findings, to better understand the pathogenesis pathways leading to endothelial pulmonary barrier lesions and increased vascular permeability. We also discuss how the advances in imaging techniques can contribute to a better understanding of the lung lesions induced during MA-ARDS, and how it could aid to monitor MA-ARDS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Yee Teng Nguee
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carla Claser,
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Srisook C, Glaharn S, Punsawad C, Viriyavejakul P. Apoptotic changes and aquaporin-1 expression in the choroid plexus of cerebral malaria patients. Malar J 2022; 21:43. [PMID: 35151337 PMCID: PMC8841049 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral malaria (CM) is associated with sequestration of parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs) in the capillaries. Often, the association of CM with cerebral oedema is related with high mortality rate. Morphological changes of the choroid plexus (CP) and caspase-3 expression in CM have not been reported. In addition, limited knowledge is known regarding the role of aquaporin (AQP)-1 in CM. The present study evaluated changes in the CP, explored apoptotic changes and AQP-1 expression in CP epithelial cells (CPECs) in fatal CM patients. Methods CP from fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients (5 non-CM [NCM], 16 CM) were retrieved and prepared for histopathological evaluation. Caspase-3 and AQP-1 expressions in CPECs were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results Histologically, apoptotic changes in CPECs were significantly observed in the CM group compared with the NCM and normal control (NC) groups (p < 0.05). These changes included cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation/shrinkage of CPECs and detachment of CPECs from the basement membrane. The apoptotic changes were positively correlated with caspase-3 expression in the nuclei of CPECs. In addition, AQP-1 expression in CPECs was significantly decreased in the CM group compared with the NCM and NC groups (all p < 0.001). A negative correlation (rs = − 0.450, p = 0.024) was documented between caspase-3 expression in the nuclei of CPECs and AQP-1. Conclusions Apoptotic changes and altered AQP-1 expression may contribute to CPEC dysfunction and subsequently reduce cerebrospinal fluid production, affecting the water homeostasis in the brains of patients with CM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04044-6.
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Shastri MD, Allam VSRR, Shukla SD, Jha NK, Paudel KR, Peterson GM, Patel RP, Hansbro PM, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Interleukin-13: A pivotal target against influenza-induced exacerbation of chronic lung diseases. Life Sci 2021; 283:119871. [PMID: 34352260 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable, chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) affect millions of individuals worldwide. The course of these CRDs (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis) are often punctuated by microbial infections that may result in hospitalization and are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as reduced quality of life. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a key protein that regulates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. There has been much interest in IL-13 from the last two decades. This cytokine is believed to play a decisive role in the exacerbation of inflammation during the course of viral infections, especially, in those with pre-existing CRDs. Here, we discuss the common viral infections in CRDs, as well as the potential role that IL-13 plays in the virus-induced disease pathogenesis of CRDs. We also discuss, in detail, the immune-modulation potential of IL-13 that could be translated to in-depth studies to develop IL-13-based therapeutic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur D Shastri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia.
| | | | - Shakti D Shukla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gregory M Peterson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia
| | - Rahul P Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Kengkoom K, Angkhasirisap W, Kanjanapruthipong T, Tungtrakanpoung R, Tuentam K, Phansom N, Ampawong S. Streptozotocin induces alpha-2u globulin nephropathy in male rats during diabetic kidney disease. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:105. [PMID: 33663503 PMCID: PMC7934450 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-2u globulin nephropathy mainly shows toxicological pathology only in male rats induced by certain chemicals and drugs, such as levamisole (antiparasitic and anticancer drugs). Streptozotocin (STZ) is also an anticancer-antibiotic agent that has been used for decades to induce a diabetic kidney disease model in rodents. The purpose of this study is to determine if STZ causes alpha-2u globulin nephropathy in male rats during an advanced stage of diabetic kidney disease. Alpha-2u globulin nephropathy, water absorption and filtration capacities (via aquaporin [AQP]-1, - 2, - 4 and - 5) and mitochondrial function (through haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein [HDHD]-3 and NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit [NDUFS]-1 proteins) were examined in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat model. RESULTS More than 80% of severe clinical illness rats induced by STZ injection simultaneously exhibited alpha-2u globulin nephropathy with mitochondrial degeneration and filtration apparatus especially pedicels impairment. They also showed significantly upregulated AQP-1, - 2, - 4 and - 5, HDHD-3 and NDUFS-1 compared with those of the rats without alpha-2u globulin nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS STZ-induced alpha-2u globulin nephropathy during diabetic kidney disease in association with deterioration of pedicels, renal tubular damage with adaptation and mitochondrial driven apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Kengkoom
- Academic Service Division, National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, 999, Salaya, Puttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Wannee Angkhasirisap
- Academic Service Division, National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, 999, Salaya, Puttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Tapanee Kanjanapruthipong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Rongdej Tungtrakanpoung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, 99, Moo 9, Phitsanulok-NakornSawan Road, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Khwanchanok Tuentam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, 99, Moo 9, Phitsanulok-NakornSawan Road, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Naphatson Phansom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, 99, Moo 9, Phitsanulok-NakornSawan Road, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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Sivakorn C, Promthong K, Dekumyoy P, Viriyavejakul P, Ampawong S, Pakdee W, Chaisiri K, Watthanakulpanich D. Case Report: The First Direct Evidence of Gnathostoma spinigerum Migration through Human Lung. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1129-1134. [PMID: 32588815 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Gnathostomiasis is a helminthic infection caused by the third-stage larvae of nematodes of the genus Gnathostoma. The life cycle in humans starts with an enteric phase, with the worm perforating the gastric or intestinal mucosa to reach the peritoneal cavity and migrating through the human body. Subsequent penetration through the diaphragm may produce pleuropulmonary symptoms. We herein present a previously healthy 56-year-old Thai man from Southern Thailand who was an ex-smoker presented with chronic dry cough progressing to hemoptysis after consuming grilled swamp eels and freshwater fish. Chest computed tomography showed consolidation at the lingular segment, and the differential diagnosis was primary lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. The lung tissue biopsied during bronchoscopy displayed segments of organisms with the phenotypic characteristics of Gnathostoma spp., and abundant eosinophils were seen in the alveolar tissue. Gnathostoma spinigerum infection was confirmed by a Western blot assay for G. spinigerum-specific 24-kDa reactive band. The patient received albendazole, and a follow-up chest radiograph revealed improvement in the consolidation in the lung and reduction in hemoptysis. We report the first direct evidence including pathology and immunohistochemistry of Gnathostoma invasion via the human lung, with clinical and radiographic presentations mimicking either malignancy or chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaisith Sivakorn
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kingpeth Promthong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Paron Dekumyoy
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wallop Pakdee
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chaisiri
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dorn Watthanakulpanich
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ampawong S, Kengkoom K, Sukphopetch P, Aramwit P, Muangkaew W, Kanjanapruthipong T, Buaban T. Evaluating the effect of rice (Oryza sativa L.: SRNC05053-6-2) crude extract on psoriasis using in vitro and in vivo models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17618. [PMID: 33077734 PMCID: PMC7573619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is mainly caused because of inappropriate immune responses in the epidermis. Rice (Oryza sativa L.: SRNC05053-6-2) consists of anthocyanin, which exhibits strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the role of this black-coloured rice crude extract in alleviating the symptoms of psoriasis using human psoriatic artificial skin and an imiquimod-induced rat psoriasis model. Psoriasis-related genes, cytokines and chemokines were examined; in addition, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and the immunohistopathological features of this condition were studied. The results showed that the rice extract reduced the severity of psoriasis by (1) decreasing the epidermal thickness, acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, epidermal inflammation and degree of apoptosis induction via caspase-3, (2) increasing the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β), (3) reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-20, IL-22 and TNF-α), chemokines (CCL-20) and anti-microbial peptides (psoriasin and β-defensin), (4) enhancing the antioxidative property (Nrf-2), (5) downregulating the levels of psoriasis-associated genes (psoriasin, β-defensin, koebnerisin 15L and koebnerisin 15S) and (6) upregulating the levels of psoriasis-improving genes (caspase-14, involucrin and filaggrin). Thus, the extract appears to exert therapeutic effects on psoriasis through its antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kanchana Kengkoom
- Academic Service Division, National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, 999, Salaya, Puttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Passanesh Sukphopetch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, PhayaThai Road, Phatumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Watcharamat Muangkaew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tapanee Kanjanapruthipong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Theerapong Buaban
- Academic Service Division, National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, 999, Salaya, Puttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
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Ryan N, Anderson K, Volpedo G, Varikuti S, Satoskar M, Satoskar S, Oghumu S. The IL-33/ST2 Axis in Immune Responses Against Parasitic Disease: Potential Therapeutic Applications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:153. [PMID: 32363166 PMCID: PMC7180392 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections pose a wide and varying threat globally, impacting over 25% of the global population with many more at risk of infection. These infections are comprised of, but not limited to, toxoplasmosis, malaria, leishmaniasis and any one of a wide variety of helminthic infections. While a great deal is understood about the adaptive immune response to each of these parasites, there remains a need to further elucidate the early innate immune response. Interleukin-33 is being revealed as one of the earliest players in the cytokine milieu responding to parasitic invasion, and as such has been given the name "alarmin." A nuclear cytokine, interleukin-33 is housed primarily within epithelial and fibroblastic tissues and is released upon cellular damage or death. Evidence has shown that interleukin-33 seems to play a crucial role in priming the immune system toward a strong T helper type 2 immune response, necessary in the clearance of some parasites, while disease exacerbating in the context of others. With the possibility of being a double-edged sword, a great deal remains to be seen in how interleukin-33 and its receptor ST2 are involved in the immune response different parasites elicit, and how those parasites may manipulate or evade this host mechanism. In this review article we compile the current cutting-edge research into the interleukin-33 response to toxoplasmosis, malaria, leishmania, and helminthic infection. Furthermore, we provide insight into directions interleukin-33 research may take in the future, potential immunotherapeutic applications of interleukin-33 modulation and how a better clarity of early innate immune system responses involving interleukin-33/ST2 signaling may be applied in development of much needed treatment options against parasitic invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Anatomy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kelvin Anderson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Monika Satoskar
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Sanika Satoskar
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Tirawanchai N, Kengkoom K, Isarangkul D, Burana-osot J, Kanjanapruthipong T, Chantip S, Phattanawasin P, Sotanaphun U, Ampawong S. A combination extract of kaffir lime, galangal, and lemongrass maintains blood lipid profiles, hepatocytes, and liver mitochondria in rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Endothelial Protein C Receptor Could Contribute to Experimental Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3105817. [PMID: 31871954 PMCID: PMC6913256 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with parasite cytoadherence, but there is limited knowledge about the effect of parasite cytoadherence in malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our objective was to evaluate the cytoadherence of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in a murine model of ARDS and to appraise a potential function of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in ARDS pathogenesis. DBA/2 mice infected with P. berghei ANKA were classified as ARDS- or hyperparasitemia- (HP-) developing mice according to respiratory parameters and parasitemia. Lungs, blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage were collected for gene expression or protein analyses. Primary cultures of microvascular lung endothelial cells from DBA/2 mice were analyzed for iRBC interactions. Lungs from ARDS-developing mice showed evidence of iRBC accumulation along with an increase in EPCR and TNF concentrations. Furthermore, TNF increased iRBC adherence in vitro. Dexamethasone-treated infected mice showed low levels of TNF and EPCR mRNA expression and, finally, decreased vascular permeability, thus protecting mice from ARDS. In conclusion, we identified that increased iRBC cytoadherence in the lungs underlies malaria-associated ARDS in DBA/2-infected mice and that inflammation increased cytoadherence capacity, suggesting a participation of EPCR and a conceivable target for drug development.
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Abstract
Neutrophils are abundant in the circulation and are one of the immune system's first lines of defense against infection. There has been substantial work carried out investigating the role of neutrophils in malaria and it is clear that during infection neutrophils are activated and are capable of clearing malaria parasites by a number of mechanisms. This review focuses on neutrophil responses to human malarias, summarizing evidence which helps us understand where neutrophils are, what they are doing, how they interact with parasites as well as their potential role in vaccine mediated immunity. We also outline future research priorities for these, the most abundant of leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Agersew Alemu
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ortega-Pajares A, Rogerson SJ. The Rough Guide to Monocytes in Malaria Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2888. [PMID: 30581439 PMCID: PMC6292935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While half of the world's population is at risk of malaria, the most vulnerable are still children under five, pregnant women and returning travelers. Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria parasites to the human host; but how Plasmodium interact with the innate immune system remains largely unexplored. The most recent advances prove that monocytes are a key component to control parasite burden and to protect host from disease. Monocytes' protective roles include phagocytosis, cytokine production and antigen presentation. However, monocytes can be involved in pathogenesis and drive inflammation and sequestration of infected red blood cells in organs such as the brain, placenta or lungs by secreting cytokines that upregulate expression of endothelial adhesion receptors. Plasmodium DNA, hemozoin or extracellular vesicles can impair the function of monocytes. With time, reinfections with Plasmodium change the relative proportion of monocyte subsets and their physical properties. These changes relate to clinical outcomes and might constitute informative biomarkers of immunity. More importantly, at the molecular level, transcriptional, metabolic or epigenetic changes can “prime” monocytes to alter their responses in future encounters with Plasmodium. This mechanism, known as trained immunity, challenges the traditional view of monocytes as a component of the immune system that lacks memory. Overall, this rough guide serves as an update reviewing the advances made during the past 5 years on understanding the role of monocytes in innate immunity to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Ortega-Pajares
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Maknitikul S, Luplertlop N, Chaisri U, Maneerat Y, Ampawong S. Featured Article: Immunomodulatory effect of hemozoin on pneumocyte apoptosis via CARD9 pathway, a possibly retarding pulmonary resolution. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:395-407. [PMID: 29402133 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218757458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent malaria parasite species, causes severe symptoms especially acute lung injury (ALI), of which characterized by alveolar epithelium and endothelium destruction and accelerated to blood-gas-barrier breakdown. Parasitized erythrocytes, endothelial cells, monocytes, and cytokines are all involved in this mechanism, but hemozoin (HZ), the parasitic waste from heme detoxification, also mainly contributes. In addition, it is not clear why type II pneumocyte proliferation, alveolar restorative stage, is rare in malaria-associated ALI. To address this, in vitro culture of A549 cells with Plasmodium HZ or with interleukin (IL)-1β triggered by HZ and monocytes (HZ-IL-1β) was conducted to determine their alveolar apoptotic effect using ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining, annexin-V-FITC/propidium iodide staining, and electron mircroscopic study. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 ( CARD9), the apoptotic regulator gene, and IL-1β were quantified by reverse-transcriptase PCR. Junctional cellular defects were characterized by immunohistochemical staining of E-cadherin. The results revealed that cellular apoptosis and CARD9 expression levels were extremely high 24 h after induction by HZ-IL-1β when compared to the HZ- and non-treated groups. E-cadherin was markedly down-regulated by HZ-IL-1β and HZ treatments. CARD9 expression was positively correlated with IL-1β expression and the number of apoptotic cells. Interestingly, the localization of HZ in the vesicular surfactant of apoptotic pneumocyte was also identified and submitted to be a cause of alveolar resolution abnormality. Thus, HZ triggers monocytes to produce IL-1β and induces pneumocyte type II apoptosis through CARD9 pathway in association with down-regulated E-cadherin, which probably impairs alveolar resolution in malaria-associated ALI. Impact statement The present work shows the physical and immunomodulatory properties of hemozoin on the induction of pneumocyte apoptosis in relation to IL-1β production through the CARD9 pathway. This occurrence may be a possible pathway for the retardation of lung resolution leading to blood-gas-barrier breakdown. Our findings lead to the understanding of the host-parasite relationship focusing on the dysfunction in ALI induced by HZ, a possible pathway of the recovering lung epithelial retardation in malaria-associated ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitang Maknitikul
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Natthanej Luplertlop
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Urai Chaisri
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yaowapa Maneerat
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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14
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Zhao J, Zhao Y. Interleukin-33 and its Receptor in Pulmonary Inflammatory Diseases. Crit Rev Immunol 2018; 35:451-61. [PMID: 27279043 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2016015865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family. It modulates immune responses and biological functions through binding to its membrane receptor, ST2L. ST2L is a member of the Toll-like/IL-1 (TIR)-receptor superfamily, and its isoform, soluble ST2 (sST2), functions as an inhibitor of the IL-33/ST2L pathway. Levels of IL-33 and sST2 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) are known biomarkers for a variety of disorders such as heart failure, non-small-cell lung cancer, and pulmonary inflammatory diseases. IL-33 also exists in the nuclei, and nuclear IL-33 seems to regulate cytokine gene expression. In this review, we focus on the role of IL-33/ST2 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammatory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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15
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Maknitikul S, Luplertlop N, Grau GER, Ampawong S. Dysregulation of pulmonary endothelial protein C receptor and thrombomodulin in severe falciparum malaria-associated ARDS relevant to hemozoin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181674. [PMID: 28732053 PMCID: PMC5521846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of the protein C system, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and thrombomodulin (TM) in the pathogenesis of malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in relation to hemozoin and proinflammatory cytokines-induced type II pneumocyte injury and -aggravated pulmonary resolution. A total of 29 left-over lung specimens that were obtained from patients who died from severe falciparum malaria were examined. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analyses revealed that ARDS coexisted with pulmonary edema and systemic bleeding; the severity was dependent on the level of hemozoin deposition in the lung and internal alveolar hemorrhaging. The loss of EPCR and TM was primarily identified in ARDS patients and was related to the level of hemozoin, parasitized red blood cell (PRBC) and white blood cell accumulation in the lung. Moreover, an in vitro analysis demonstrated that interleukin-13 and -31 and hemozoin induced pneumocytic cell injury and apoptosis, as assessed by EB/AO staining, electron microscopy and the up-regulation of CARD-9 mRNA (caspase recruitment domain-9 messenger-ribonucleic acid). The dysregulation of EPCR and TM in the lung, especially in those with increased levels of hemozoin, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of malaria-associated ARDS through an apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitang Maknitikul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthanej Luplertlop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Georges E. R. Grau
- Vascular Immunology, Department of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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16
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Sercundes MK, Ortolan LS, Debone D, Soeiro-Pereira PV, Gomes E, Aitken EH, Neto AC, Russo M, D' Império Lima MR, Alvarez JM, Portugal S, Marinho CRF, Epiphanio S. Targeting Neutrophils to Prevent Malaria-Associated Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006054. [PMID: 27926944 PMCID: PMC5142790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the greatest burdens to global health, causing nearly 500,000 deaths in 2014. When manifesting in the lungs, severe malaria causes acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). We have previously shown that a proportion of DBA/2 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) develop ALI/ARDS and that these mice recapitulate various aspects of the human syndrome, such as pulmonary edema, hemorrhaging, pleural effusion and hypoxemia. Herein, we investigated the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of malaria-associated ALI/ARDS. Mice developing ALI/ARDS showed greater neutrophil accumulation in the lungs compared with mice that did not develop pulmonary complications. In addition, mice with ALI/ARDS produced more neutrophil-attracting chemokines, myeloperoxidase and reactive oxygen species. We also observed that the parasites Plasmodium falciparum and PbA induced the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) ex vivo, which were associated with inflammation and tissue injury. The depletion of neutrophils, treatment with AMD3100 (a CXCR4 antagonist), Pulmozyme (human recombinant DNase) or Sivelestat (inhibitor of neutrophil elastase) decreased the development of malaria-associated ALI/ARDS and significantly increased mouse survival. This study implicates neutrophils and NETs in the genesis of experimentally induced malaria-associated ALI/ARDS and proposes a new therapeutic approach to improve the prognosis of severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K. Sercundes
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana S. Ortolan
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Debone
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane Gomes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth H. Aitken
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Condino Neto
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria R. D' Império Lima
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M. Alvarez
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Portugal
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudio R. F. Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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17
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Bernabeu M, Smith JD. EPCR and Malaria Severity: The Center of a Perfect Storm. Trends Parasitol 2016; 33:295-308. [PMID: 27939609 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum infection causes nearly half a million deaths per year. The different symptomatology and disease manifestations among patients have hampered understanding of severe malaria pathology and complicated efforts to develop targeted disease interventions. Infected erythrocyte sequestration in the microvasculature plays a critical role in the development of severe disease, and there is increasing evidence that cytoadherent parasites interact with host factors to enhance the damage caused by the parasite. The recent discovery that parasite binding to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is associated with severe disease has suggested new mechanisms of pathology and provided new avenues for severe malaria adjunctive therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bernabeu
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joseph D Smith
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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18
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Chang J, Xia YF, Zhang MZ, Zhang LM. IL-33 Signaling in Lung Injury. TRANSLATIONAL PERIOPERATIVE AND PAIN MEDICINE 2016; 1:24-32. [PMID: 27536706 PMCID: PMC4985245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine super-family, acts as both a traditional cytokine and an intracellular nuclear factor. It is generally released from damaged immune cells and signals through its receptor ST2 in an autocrine and paracrine fashion, plays important roles in type-2 innate immunity, and functions as an "alarmin" or a danger signal for cellular damage or cellular stress. Here, we review recent advances of the role of IL-33 in lung injury and explore its potential significance as an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Yue-Feng Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Ma-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
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Scaccabarozzi D, Deroost K, Lays N, Omodeo Salè F, Van den Steen PE, Taramelli D. Altered Lipid Composition of Surfactant and Lung Tissue in Murine Experimental Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143195. [PMID: 26624290 PMCID: PMC4666673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute lung injury (MA-ALI) and its more severe form malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) are common, often fatal complications of severe malaria infections. However, little is known about their pathogenesis. In this study, biochemical alterations of the lipid composition of the lungs were investigated as possible contributing factors to the severity of murine MA-ALI/ARDS. C57BL/6J mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 to induce lethal MA-ARDS, or with Plasmodium chabaudi AS, a parasite strain that does not induce lung pathology. The lipid profile of the lung tissue from mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 developing MA-ALI/ARDS, but not that from mice without lung pathology or controls, was characterized by high levels of phospholipids -mainly phosphatidylcholine- and esterified cholesterol. The high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the linoleic/oleic fatty acid ratio of the latter reflect the fatty acid composition of plasma cholesterol esters. In spite of the increased total polyunsaturated fatty acid pool, which augments the relative oxidability of the lung membranes, and the presence of hemozoin, a known pro-oxidant, no excess oxidative stress was detected in the lungs of Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected mice. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected mice was characterized by high levels of plasma proteins. The phospholipid profile of BAL large and small aggregate fractions was also different from uninfected controls, with a significant increase in the amounts of sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine and the decrease in phosphatidylglycerol. Both the increase of proteins and lysophosphatidylcholine are known to decrease the intrinsic surface activity of surfactant. Together, these data indicate that an altered lipid composition of lung tissue and BAL fluid, partially ascribed to oedema and lipoprotein infiltration, is a characteristic feature of murine MA-ALI/ARDS and possibly contribute to lung dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Scaccabarozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katrien Deroost
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natacha Lays
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fausta Omodeo Salè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Taramelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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