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Li S, Xu W, Wang H, Tang T, Ma J, Cui Z, Shi H, Qin T, Zhou H, Li L, Jiang T, Li C. Ferroptosis plays an essential role in the antimalarial mechanism of low-dose dihydroartemisinin. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112742. [PMID: 35228063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs) to generate ROS and other free radicals is mainly heme- or ferrous iron-dependent. ARTs induce ferroptosis in tumor cells, although the involvement of ferroptosis in malaria remains unclear. We found that three typical inducers of ferroptosis (erastin, RSL3 and sorafenib) could effectively mimic DHA inhibition on the growth of blood-stage parasites, which exhibited synergistic or nearly additive interactions in vitro with DHA, while the combination of DHA with ferroptosis inhibitors (deferoxamine, liproxstatin-1) had an obvious antagonistic effect. DHA, similar to ferroptosis inducers, can simultaneously induce the accumulation of ferroptosis-associated cellular labile iron and lipid peroxide. However, deferoxamine and liproxstatin-1 reduced the increase in ferrous iron and lipid peroxide caused by DHA. These results suggested that ferroptosis might be an effective way to induce cell death in parasites and could be a primary mechanism by which DHA kills parasites, with almost 50% contribution at low concentrations. These results provide a new strategy for antimalarial drug screening and clinical medication guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Huajing Wang
- Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Tian Tang
- Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhao Cui
- Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ting Qin
- Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongying Zhou
- Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tingliang Jiang
- Research Center of Artemisinin, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Canghai Li
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Chesnokov O, Visitdesotrakul P, Kalani K, Nefzi A, Oleinikov AV. Small Molecule Compounds Identified from Mixture-Based Library Inhibit Binding between Plasmodium falciparum Infected Erythrocytes and Endothelial Receptor ICAM-1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115659. [PMID: 34073419 PMCID: PMC8198633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific adhesion of P. falciparum parasite-infected erythrocytes (IE) in deep vascular beds can result in severe complications, such as cerebral malaria, placental malaria, respiratory distress, and severe anemia. Cerebral malaria and severe malaria syndromes were associated previously with sequestration of IE to a microvasculature receptor ICAM-1. The screening of Torrey Pines Scaffold Ranking library, which consists of more than 30 million compounds designed around 75 molecular scaffolds, identified small molecules that inhibit cytoadhesion of ICAM-1-binding IE to surface-immobilized receptor at IC50 range down to ~350 nM. With their low cytotoxicity toward erythrocytes and human endothelial cells, these molecules might be suitable for development into potentially effective adjunct anti-adhesion drugs to treat cerebral and/or severe malaria syndromes. Our two-step high-throughput screening approach is specifically designed to work with compound mixtures to make screening and deconvolution to single active compounds fast and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Chesnokov
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33428, USA
| | | | - Komal Kalani
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University (FIU), Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Adel Nefzi
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University (FIU), Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Andrew V Oleinikov
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33428, USA
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Zorc B, Perković I, Pavić K, Rajić Z, Beus M. Primaquine derivatives: Modifications of the terminal amino group. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111640. [PMID: 31472472 PMCID: PMC7126120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous modifications of the well-known antimalarial drug primaquine, both at the quinoline ring and at the primary amino group, have been reported, mostly to obtain antimalarial agents with improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity and/or prolonged activity. Modifications of the terminal amino group were made with the main idea to prevent the metabolic pathway leading to inactive and toxic carboxyprimaquine (follow-on strategy), but also to get compounds with different activity (repurposing strategy). The modifications undertaken until 2009 were included in a review published in the same year. The present review covers various classes of primaquine N-derivatives with diverse biological profiles, prepared in the last decade by our research group as well as the others. We have summarized the synthetic procedures applied for their preparation and discussed the main biological results. Several hits for the development of novel antiplasmodial, anticancer, antimycobacterial and antibiofilm agents were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Zorc
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Perković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pavić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Beus
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Beus M, Rajić Z, Maysinger D, Mlinarić Z, Antunović M, Marijanović I, Fontinha D, Prudêncio M, Held J, Olgen S, Zorc B. SAHAquines, Novel Hybrids Based on SAHA and Primaquine Motifs, as Potential Cytostatic and Antiplasmodial Agents. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:624-638. [PMID: 30151334 PMCID: PMC6104433 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of SAHAquines and related primaquine (PQ) derivatives. SAHAquines are novel hybrid compounds that combine moieties of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an anticancer agent with weak antiplasmodial activity, and PQ, an antimalarial drug with low antiproliferative activity. The preparation of SAHAquines is simple, cheap, and high yielding. It includes the following steps: coupling reaction between primaquine and a dicarboxylic acid monoester, hydrolysis, a new coupling reaction with O-protected hydroxylamine, and deprotection. SAHAquines 5 a-d showed significant reduction in cell viability. Among the three human cancer cell lines (U2OS, HepG2, and MCF-7), the most responsive were the MCF-7 cells. The antibodies against acetylated histone H3K9/H3K14 in MCF-7 cells revealed a significant enhancement following treatment with N-hydroxy-N'-{4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}pentanediamide (5 b). Ethyl (2E)-3-({4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}carbamoyl)prop-2-enoate (2 b) and SAHAquines were the most active compounds against both the hepatic and erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium parasites, some of them at sub-micromolar concentrations. The results of our research suggest that SAHAquines are promising leads for new anticancer and antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Beus
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University23655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, McIntyre Medical Sciences BuildingMontrealQuebecH3G 1Y6Canada
| | - Zvonimir Mlinarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Maja Antunović
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebHorvatovac 102A10 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Inga Marijanović
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebHorvatovac 102A10 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
| | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenWilhelmstraße 2772074TübingenGermany
| | - Sureyya Olgen
- Faculty of PharmacyBiruni University10th street No: 4534010 TopkapiIstanbulTurkey
| | - Branka Zorc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
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